退煮漂短流程工艺设备(二)

提高退煮漂半制品的工艺质量，必须制订出优化的工艺，选用高效、清洁的助剂，配置符合最佳工艺条件的设备。本文介绍了短流程轧、洗、蒸单元的优化组合；分析了高给液装置、组合汽蒸箱的新颖结构；阐述了高效水洗的机理和防止湿加工织物起皱的对策；并推荐冷轧堆碱氧一浴工艺、酶处理三步两流程设备的工艺流程。     

退煮漂短流程工艺设备(三)

提高退煮漂半制品的工艺质量，必须制订出优化的工艺，选用高效、清洁的助剂，配置符合最佳工艺条件的设备。本文介绍了短流程轧、洗、蒸单元的优化组合；分析了高给液装置、组合汽蒸箱的新颖结构；阐述了高效水洗的机理和防止湿加工织物起皱的对策；并推荐冷轧堆碱氧一浴工艺、酶处理三步两流程设备的工艺流程。     

JC9．7tex采用高效工艺的实践与探索

高效工艺是目前国内提高前纺设备效率、减少前纺设备、降低纺纱成本及提升成纱质量较为先进、合理、有效的新兴工艺，我公司在DTM129细纱机已实践了一万纱锭，本文重点从全流程系统工艺设计、技术参数的选择及成纱指标等方面加以介绍。     

国内外印染前处理技术新进展

织物前处理过程是耗水耗能污染重的工序，却是日后清洁生产的重点工艺．介绍了目前国内外研究开发的各种高效低耗短流程前处理清洁生产设备，以及随之开发的各种高效前处理助剂和高新技术。     

小型精制米厂工艺与设备选择

小型精米厂的工艺流程，可采用成套设备工艺流程，也可采用设备自由组合工艺流程。2种流程在工艺特点、设备选型上都有所不同。10t／d左右的小厂，建议选用成套设备；20t／d以上的厂，可以考虑自由组合工艺设计。     

冷堆前处理的工艺与设备

根据笔者设计的冷堆练标工艺和设备条件，论述了冷堆练漂的工艺技术，设备要求、操作要点和实践效果。采用冷堆前处理工艺，可大幅度降低设备投资费用、能源消耗，且能减少定员，提高正品率和实物水平，适应小批量多品种生产，为短流程前处理开辟了一条高效，经济的新途径。     

利用高效工艺进行不同纤维混纺生产的探讨

采用高效工艺生产必须综合考虑原料性能、设备能力和管理水平等实际情况，有的方矢地使用。高效工艺的使用对设备状态、运转操作质量和工艺上车的精确都提出了更高的要求。     

染整机械发展趋向

目前染整设备技术发展总的趋势是：向环境保护、节能降耗、省时高效、短流程方面发展，重视无水加工技术、无制版印花技术、低温等离子处理等新技术；另一重要趋势是广泛采用自动化技术，传动系统采用交流变频多单元同步调速系统；在控制系统方面，广泛应用可编程控制器（PLC）或工业计算机控制（IPC），参数在线监控普遍应用，提升了染整设备的自动化程度，使工艺稳定性、重现性得以大幅度提高。     

改善纱卡质量的前处理工艺

针对纱卡生产中的疑难问题，对原有设备和工艺流程进行分析，找出一条适合纱卡生产的短流程工艺；阐述了加工过程中的关键，对该纱卡主要疵病提出了相应的预防解决措施。     

采用高效组合设备 合理简化工艺

采用新型高效设备促使工艺流程简化，这主要体现在清理单机设备上。如近年来研制成功的重力分级去石机，集小麦分级、去石、除杂多功能于一体。由于单机效能的提高，减少了设备流程中的道数，使得工艺流程大为简化，既保证了整体工序的工艺效果，又节约了投资。这个方面是...     

纯棉织物抗菌防螨耐洗整理

抗菌防臭、抑螨是生活用纺织品的首要任务,因为肌肤的汗液、皮屑、分泌物极易孳生细菌,会造成交叉感染及环境污染。采用有效的抗菌剂和牢固的交联剂及相适应的工艺方法,才能获得牢固、耐洗、高效的抗菌防臭、抑螨效果。     

Monitoring and modelling of starch cake washing

This study describes the washing of starch filter cakes in a filter press, and shows an easy, simple and reliable method for the prediction of starch cake washing. The specific properties of starch particles that affect the filtration behaviour are introduced, as well as the starch pressure filtration process cycle, the monitoring of the cake washing process in a filter press, the sampling of the filter cake, and the modelling of the washing process. The monitoring of the washing process for industrial‐scale cake washing operations is quite difficult, and a prediction of the result is needed. The use of the simple model in predicting the washing process is for the purpose of making the washing process easier. The results obtained show that the starch cake washing can be effectively carried out in a filter press and the behaviour of the starch cake during washing can be interpreted with the washing models if the filtration properties of that starch are known.     

防污剂在纯棉活性印花皂洗中的应用

在纯棉织物印花后的皂洗处理中，分别采用常规水洗和加防污剂水洗工艺。试验结果表明，在印花皂洗中加入2～4g／L防污剂，可以明显提高织物上各种残留杂质的水洗效率，且节能、节水，并减少污水处理负担，有利于印花产品的生产，降低生产成本。     

Effectiveness of starch removal in a Bath-Substrate-Flow (BSF) device using surfactants and α-amylase

The effectiveness of the removal process of starch from different surfaces was studied using a laboratory device called Bath-Substrate-Flow. To do this, experiments were performed using the following solutions as washing bath: (a) the commercial nonionic surfactant Glucopon^® 650; (b) the commercial anionic surfactant, linear alkylbenzene sulfonate LAS, and (c) the enzyme α-amylase (obtained from the microorganism Bacillus licheniformis). The washing efficiency was related to the temperature of the process, the washing bath composition and the substrate used. The highest detergency was detected with the glass spheres presented, followed by the polyurethane discs. The cleaning process with the polyurethane discs is strongly dependant on the viscosity of the starch film, because their porous structure determines milder shear conditions inside them. The effect of temperature on starch removal was related to the properties of the washing bath (interfacial tension, viscosity, etc.) as well as to the solubility and viscosity of the soiling agent. The use of surfactants or enzymes under the appropriate conditions of concentration and/or temperature proved to be an interesting option for clean-in-place processes of starchy soils in the food industry, guaranteeing cleaning with a reduced risk of contamination.     

起绒织物活性染色的水洗工艺

通过改进活性染料染绒毛类产品的常规洗水工艺，使其干、湿摩擦牢度得以提高。介绍了绒毛布类产品实验室小样染色和大生产染色的工艺流程和处方，以及不同染色深度相应的洗水工艺。     

洗涤和浮选对不同废纸的脱墨行为

研究了3种美国进口废纸(#6、#8和#37)经浮选、洗涤或两者结合的脱墨方式对纸浆白度的影响。认为它们在脱墨行为上存在很大不同,浮选对#37脱墨浆白度的贡献率要远远大于洗涤的作用,而对于以机械浆为主并更多采用水基油墨印刷的#6和#8废纸,将浮选和洗涤结合对提高脱墨效率更为有效。     

Optimization of the Desizability of Water-Soluble Sizes. Part VI: Washing-out Trials on CMS-Size

The present work aims to investigate the efficacy of incorporting certain additives, i.e. NaOH (2 g/l), and/or nonionic surfactant (1 g/l), in the washing bath with a view towards establishing the most appropriate conditions for washing-out CMS-size using the long-liquor desizing treatment. Various washing parameters were studied, and optimum conditions for each treatment process were determined. Analysis of the desized warps for percent size removel has revealed that, for a given set of washing conditions, the rate of dissolution of CMS-size can be increased and accelerated still further by raising the desizing temperature, by prolonging the desizing time, by minimizing the material-to-liquor ratio as well as by avoiding the over-drying of the CMS-sized warps. The results further suggest that the higher percentage of removed CMS-sized observed with mild alkali treatment for 10 min compared with other treatments reflects differences in ability to adsorb on, swell of, diffuse in, and interact with the CMS-size as well as the sized warps.     

纳米氧化锌整理剂的研制

以聚丙烯酸盐为表面改性剂 ,氨基改性有机硅为粘接剂和柔软剂 ,制备含纳米氧化锌织物整理剂 ;并采用浸、轧、烘整理工艺制备纳米抗菌功能棉织物。利用抑菌圈法比较不同氧化锌粉体、纳米棉织物对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌效果 ,并测试其耐洗性 ;测试了不同氧化锌在有光照和无光照不同条件下的抗菌性。结果表明 ,氯化锌和草酸摩尔比为 1∶1.0 7,反应条件为 2 0℃× 90min ,以氯化锌和草酸为原料制备草酸锌 ,再经 5 0 0℃煅烧 1h制备纳米氧化锌 ,产率可达 98%以上 ,粒径可控制在 2 0～ 30nm或 5 0～ 6 0nm。经表面改性的纳米氧化锌呈 3～ 5nm粒子粘联的“糖球状” ,由此制备的纳米氧化锌织物整理剂呈乳白色。纳米抗菌功能织物对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌均有良好的抗菌性 ,经 12次皂洗后仍可保持 5 0 %的抗菌能力。其抗菌机理应该是“光激发”和“金属溶出”双重作用。