新型六分扇形螺旋折流板换热器壳程传热及流动特性

针对现有四分螺旋折流板换热器中心区域漏流明显的特征,提出了一种新型的六分扇形螺旋折流板换热器。建立了六分扇形螺旋折流板换热器的三维物理模型,应用Ansys CFX软件对其壳程流动与传热特性进行数值模拟,分析了不同螺旋角(10°、20°、30°、40°)和不同工况下六分扇形螺旋折流板换热器的壳侧性能,并与传统的弓形折流板换热器作对比。结果表明,六分扇形螺旋折流板可以显著减少三角区漏流现象的发生,壳程流体旋流特性较好。随着螺旋角的增大,壳侧速度场与温度场分布更加均匀,综合换热性能逐步提高。     

交错螺旋折流板管壳式换热器壳侧传热与阻力性能

对交错搭接螺旋折流板换热器壳侧的流动与传热性能进行了实验研究,着重研究了内插假管及不同螺旋角度对壳程传热和阻力的影响,并与传统弓形折流板换热器进行了对比.结果表明,假管的存在反而使传热综合性能下降,同时,在相同的壳侧流量下,螺旋折流板换热器的壳程阻力和壳侧传热系数均随螺旋角的增大而减少,且小于同样条件下弓形折流板换热器的相应值.与弓形折流板换热器相比,螺旋折流板换热器的特点是单位压降下的壳侧传热系数高.     

折面螺旋折流板换热器的流动传热性能

针对现有平面螺旋折流板换热器的相邻折流板与壳体间存在的三角漏流区,提出了一种折面螺旋折流板换热器。基于实验研究分析了折面螺旋折流板换热器的螺旋角和搭接度对流动传热性能的影响,并拟合了壳程对流传热和阻力系数的实验关联式。结果表明,当壳程体积流量相同时,随着螺旋角的减小,折面螺旋折流板换热器的壳程总压降增加,壳程管束压降增加,壳程膜传热系数提升,综合性能增强;相同壳程体积流量下,随着搭接度的增加,壳程总压降也增加,壳程膜传热系数增加,综合性能提高。实验研究表明螺旋角18°、搭接度50%的折面螺旋折流板换热器流动传热性能最佳。将折面螺旋折流板换热器的螺旋角和搭接度作为修正因子拟合到了实验关联式中,对比发现实验值与Nu实验关联式计算值的平均相对误差为1.13%,与f实验关联式的平均相对误差为6.84%,说明了拟合的正确性和可靠性。研究结果为折面螺旋折流板换热器的设计提供了理论指导。     

Pilot experimental study on shell and tube heat exchangers with small-angles helical baffles

In this paper, the experimental comparisons of shell side thermodynamic and hydraulics performance are made among three helical baffles heat exchangers and one segmental baffles heat exchanger. The experiment scale is larger than the previous experimental setup as the diameter of test heat exchangers are 500 mm and the effective tube length are 6 m; the experiment mainly focuses on the small helical angle scheme as the helical angle ranges from 7° to 25°. Among all the four heat exchangers, both the shell side heat transfer rate and the shell side pressure drop peak when helical angle equals 7°, and the shell side heat transfer rate per unit pressure drop at this angle is the smallest. This phenomenon could be easily illustrated as the concept ‘fluid-flow distance’ is presented. At last, the correlations for the shell side Nusselt number and friction factor are presented as a reference.     

连续螺旋折流板换热器流动与传热性能及熵产分析

采用数值模拟的方法,研究了螺旋角对连续螺旋折流板换热器流动与传热性能的影响,并以熵产数为指标对换热器性能进行了基于热力学第二定律的分析评价。结果表明,相同质量流量时壳程传热系数和压降均随螺旋角的增大而降低,且后者降低的幅度大于前者。连续螺旋折流板换热器壳程横截面上切向速度分布较弓形折流板换热器更加均匀。在靠近中心假管的内层区域,同一径向位置的轴向速度随螺旋角的增大而降低,而在靠近壳体壁面的外层区域则相反。螺旋角越大,不同径向位置的换热管间的换热量分布均匀性越好。壳程质量流量相等时,换热器中传热引起的熵产占总熵产的比重随着螺旋角的增大而增加,熵产数随着螺旋角的增大而降低。     

Effects of baffle inclination angle on flow and heat transfer of a heat exchanger with helical baffles

Numerical simulations were carried out to study the impacts of various baffle inclination angles on fluid flow and heat transfer of heat exchangers with helical baffles. The simulations were conducted for one period of seven baffle inclination angles by using periodic boundaries. Predicted flow patterns from simulation results indicate that continual helical baffles can reduce or even eliminate dead regions in the shell side of shell-and-tube heat exchangers. The average Nusselt number increases with the increase of the baffle inclination angle α when α < 30°. Whereas, the average Nusselt number decreases with the increase of the baffle inclination angle when α > 30°. The pressure drop varies drastically with baffle inclination angle and shell-side Reynolds number. The variation of the pressure drop is relatively large for small inclination angle. However, for α > 40°, the effect of α on pressure drop is very small. Compared to the segmental heat exchangers, the heat exchangers with continual helical baffles have higher heat transfer coefficients to the same pressure drop. Within the Reynolds number studied for the shell side, the optimal baffle inclination angle is about 45°, with which the integrated heat transfer and pressure drop performance is the best. The detailed knowledge on the heat transfer and flow distribution in this investigation provides the basis for further optimization of shell-and-tube heat exchangers.     

螺旋折流板换热器三角区漏流阻塞的实验研究

目前普遍使用的螺旋折流板换热器壳程的一个螺距主要采用4块平面折流板结构,但在相邻两块折流板的直边搭接处存在顶角相对的两个三角漏流区,使壳程流体偏离理想的螺旋流,严重影响了换热器的性能。采用折面折流板结构,可以封闭原始折流板之间的外侧三角漏流区,使壳程流体更接近连续的螺旋流动。实验结果表明,采用折面折流板代替原始的平面折流板后,换热器总传热系数增加6.7%～19.1%,平均增大16.9%,表明此折面折流板能有效提高螺旋折流板换热器的换热性能。虽然壳程压降也随之增大,但带来的泵耗功率增量非常有限。换热器的热性能因子均大于1.0,平均值为1.071,表明结构改进后的换热器,其综合性能平均提高7.1%。基于实验数据,拟合了结构改进前后的换热器壳程传热系数和阻力系数的相关实验关联式。研究结果对于换热器的节能优化具有重要的指导意义。     

Design and optimization of heat exchangers with helical baffles

The hydrodynamics and heat transfer characteristics of a heat exchanger with single-helical baffles are studied experimentally as well as numerically. A heat exchanger with two-layer helical baffles is designed by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. The comparisons of the performance of three heat exchangers with single-segment baffles, single-helical baffles and two-layer helical baffles, respectively, are presented in the paper. The experiment is carried out in counter-current flow pattern with hot oil in shell side and cold water in tube side. Overall heat transfer coefficients are calculated and heat transfer coefficients of shell side are determined by Wilson plots technique. It shows that the heat exchangers with helical baffles have higher heat transfer coefficient to the same pressure drop than that of the heat exchanger with segmental baffles based on the present numerical results, and the configuration of the two-layer helical baffles has better integrated performance than that of the single-helical baffles.     

三螺旋折流板换热器多流路通道流动与传热数值模拟

为了增加大螺旋角下单位长度换热管上螺旋折流板数量提高换热,提出三螺旋折流板导流结构,对设置三螺旋折流板后壳程流体的流动与传热进行了数值模拟,重点考察了Reynolds数Re=1391～4174时的壳程压降及对流传热系数,与设置单螺旋折流板的对比结果表明：三螺旋折流板换热器壳程对流传热系数高27.9%,JF因子高13.67%,综合传热性能更好。在此基础上运用耗散理论分析了三螺旋折流板采取不同螺旋角时对换热效率的影响,发现由传热引起的耗散率随Reynolds数变化规律与壳程对流传热系数随Reynolds数的变化规律类似,相同流量条件下螺旋角为64.8°的换热器耗散率最小。另外,中心换热管与壳壁附近换热管的传热系数比较结果显示,中心管热交换量均低于壳壁附近换热管热交换量。     

CFD simulation on shell-and-tube heat exchangers with small-angle helical baffles

Shell-and-tube heat exchanger with helical baffles is superior to that with segmental baffles in reducing pressure drop, eliminating dead zone and lowering the risks of vibration of tube bundle. This paper focused on the small-angle helical baffles that have been merely reported in open literature. These baffles are noncontinuous helical baffles with a helix angle of 10° to 30°, and their shapes are 1/4 ellipse, 1/4 sector and 1/3 sector. To assess the integrative performance, α/?p is employed, and the calculated results show that among the three baffle shapes the heat exchangers with a 1/4 sector helical baffle have the lowest pressure drop. At β = 10° and 20°, 1/4 sector helical baffle heat exchangers show the best integrative performance; at β = 30°, 1/4 ellipse and 1/4 sector helical baffle heat exchangers perform almost the same. For the study of helix angles, we found that 30° has the best integrative performance at low mass flow rate, almost the same as 20° at high mass flow rate.     

变螺距搭接螺旋折流板换热器综合性能

为解决三角区漏流对壳程综合性能的影响,设计提出变螺距搭接螺旋折流板换热器,并进行了数值模拟和综合性能分析。结果表明,变螺距搭接螺旋折流板换热器的综合性能主要受螺旋角组合方式、螺旋周期数量和工质物性参数影响;在一定程度上能够实现优化三角漏流区的目的,某些螺旋角组合方式下的换热器综合性能明显优于相同螺旋角下的等螺距换热器;当变螺距螺旋折流板换热器与等螺距螺旋折流板换热器综合性能相同时,其还具有强化壳侧传热或节省折流板用耗材和便于安装的优点。     

Comparison of heat transfer performances of helix baffled heat exchangers with different baffle configurations

Numerical simulations were performed on flow and heat transfer performances of heat exchangers having six helical baffles of different baffle shapes and assembly configurations, i.e., two trisection ba...     

单弓折流板管壳式换热器壳程局部传热及流阻研究

对半圆形单弓折流板管壳式换热器壳侧局部传热性能、局部流速及阻力进行了实验研究,测量结果表明,其壳侧局部传热膜系数的变化规律与相应点速率变化规律相一致。所取24个测量位置点分布较为合理,基本上反映了换热器局部相应换热及流场分布规律。同时归纳出换热器壳侧的平均努塞尔准数Nu与雷诺准数Re的关联式及流动阻力系数f与雷诺准数Re的关联式,为换热器的实际运用提供了参考依据。     

Performance comparison of heat exchangers using sextant/trisection helical baffles and segmental ones

The shell side flow fields of both sextant and trisection helical baffle heat exchangers are presented on meridian and multilayer hexagon slices. It verifies that the performance of sextant schemes is better than those of the other kinds of helical baffle heat exchangers. The main mechanisms are due to the restricted leakage flow in the minimized gaps with increased baffle number and by one row of tubes dampen the leakage flow in the circumferential overlapped area of the adjacent helical baffles. The performance features were simulated on two different angled sextant helical heat exchangers and each compared with two trisection ones of either identical helical pitch or identical incline angle. The results verified that the performances of helical heat exchangers are mainly determined by the helical pitch rather than the baffle incline angle. The average values of comprehensive index h_oΔp_o^-1/3 of the trisection helical schemes T-24.1° and T-29.7° are correspondingly 3.47% and 3.34% lower than those of the sextant ones X-20° and X-25° with identical helical pitches. The comparison results show that the average values of shell side h.t.c. h_o and comprehensive index h_oΔp_o^-1/3 of the optimal dual helix sextant scheme DX30° are respectively 7.22% and 23.56% higher than those of the segment scheme S100.     

周向重叠三分螺旋折流板换热器壳侧传热性能

探析了周向重叠三分螺旋折流板换热器高效强化传热性能的主要机理,周向重叠三分螺旋折流板换热器除了具备螺旋折流板换热器的一般特点外,还同时具有适合正三角形布管方案和防相邻折流板之间短路的功能;指出周向重叠方案相邻折流板连接处三角区内的一排管束可以有效抑制因上下游通道的压差引起的逆向泄漏;介绍了倾斜角为20°、24°、28°和32°的单头螺旋、32°双头螺旋周向重叠三分螺旋折流板换热器和弓形折流板换热器的试验结果,表明试验范围内的最佳方案是倾斜角20°方案,其平均壳侧传热系数、压降和综合指标(h_o/Δp_o)与弓形折流板换热器的数值之比分别为1.122、0.566和2.035。     

搭接方式对螺旋折流板换热器壳程性能的影响

对螺旋折流板换热器进行了数值模拟,研究了相同螺距下搭接方式对壳程流动与传热性能的影响。结果表明,壳程传热系数与压降均随搭接量的增大而减小,且后者降低的幅度大于前者;连续搭接时三角区漏流增大了中心区域横向和纵向冲刷管束的速度,但整体分布不均匀,折流板背风侧流动较差;随搭接量的增大,边缘三角区增强了靠近壳体壁面区域的流动,改善了壳程的流场状况;折流板交错搭接时中心区域换热管热通量较连续搭接大幅降低,传热沿径向分布的不均匀性大大减轻。     

当量螺旋角对三分螺旋折流板换热器性能的影响

提出了非连续螺旋折流板换热器的当量螺旋角定义,并建议以组合数ho/Δp1o/3来反映换热器的综合性能。对可拆卸芯体管束折流板的倾斜角为10°扇形、15°扇形、15°椭圆、20°扇形、20°扇形搭接的三分螺旋折流板换热器和弓形折流板换热器进行了传热和压降性能测试实验。实验结果表明:其中当量螺旋角最大的20°倾斜角扇形折流板方案的壳侧换热系数最高且压降较低,其综合性能指标ho/Δp1o/3比弓形折流板换热器的数值高26%左右;20°倾斜角扇形搭接方案与当量螺旋角相仿的15°倾斜角扇形方案的性能大致相当;15°扇形方案比当量螺旋角较小的15°椭圆方案的性能更高。可见对换热器的性能起决定作用的是当量螺旋角而不是倾斜角;实验预示在当量螺旋角更大的范围存在最佳值。     

单螺旋和双螺旋折流板换热器性能的研究

为了研究双螺旋结构对螺旋折流板换热器性能的影响及其与单螺旋结构的比较,利用热态试验和数值模拟方法,研究了四分之一扇形和三分之一扇形螺旋折流板换热器单、双螺旋结构的壳程传热和阻力性能.热态试验结果表明,单、双螺旋结构的壳程传热系数和压力损失均随流量的增大而提高.在相同流量下,双螺旋结构的壳程传热系数高于单螺旋结构,同时其壳程压力损失也有所增大.但随着流量的增加,双螺旋结构对应的单位压降下的传热性能与单螺旋基本一致.这说明双螺旋结构可以提高壳程传热性能,同时不会影响换热器的综合性能.因此在流体输送动力允许的条件下,双螺旋结构有利于设备处理能力的提高.数值模拟结果表明,由于折流板数量是单螺旋结构的两倍,因此双螺旋结构对壳程流体具有更强的导流作用,流体的分布更加均匀,且呈现出更加强烈的旋转运动.     

曲面弓形折流板换热器壳程流体流动与传热

提出一种新型折流板--曲面弓形折流板,并构造曲面弓形折流板换热器,采用数值模拟和实验相结合的方法研究其壳程传热和流动阻力性能。在实验方面,设计了实验用曲面弓形折流板和普通弓形折流板换热器试样,其中换热器管束采用可拆连接形式,以考察不同折流板结构和板间距的影响。通过改变管程及壳程流量和管程流体进口温度,获得了大量对应于不同折流板结构的壳程压力降和传热系数实验数据。在模拟方面,利用Fluent软件建立了曲面弓形折流板换热器和普通弓形折流板换热器流体数值分析模型,得到了壳程流体流场分布及壳程压力降和传热系数。结果发现,在相同结构参数和流动条件下,曲面弓形折流板换热器壳程压力降比普通弓形折流板换热器降低9%～24%,而壳程传热系数比普通弓形折流板换热器提高3%～11%。     

螺旋折流板形状和数量对换热器壳侧传热及流动特性的影响简

Shape and quantity of helical baffles have great impact on the shell-side performance of helical baffled heat exchangers （HBHE）. In this work, three physical models of HBHE with baffles of different shape （trisection, quadrant and sextant sector） were investigated. Numerical simulations were performed on HBHE at three helix an- gles （10°, 25° and 40°） by the software ANSYS CFX. Analyses of numerical results indicate that the sextant HBHE shows relatively better fluid flow performance because the leakage flow in the triangle area is evidently reduced and the fluid streamline appears much closer to an ideal spiral flow, while the trisection and quadrant HBHE show more scattered and disordered streamline distributions. The convective heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop in three types of HBHE were presented. Further investigations on the shell side performance with different helical baf- fles were implemented by the field synergy theory. Both theoretical and numerical analyses gave support on the re- lations between helical baffle shape and shell-side performance. This paper may provide useful reference for the selection of baffle shade and auantitv in HBHE.