水平管内油气水三相流动摩擦阻力压降特性研究

对水平管内油气水三相流动的摩擦压降特性进行系统的理论和实验研究 ,建立了泡状流和环状流摩擦压力降的理论模型 ,揭示了摩擦压力降随折算气速、折算液速、油水混合物含水率及管径的变化规律。实验结果与理论计算结果相吻合。     

大流量下倾斜管气液两相流实验研究

在较高的气液范围内,以水和空气为实验介质,在多相流实验平台上进行了倾斜向上的高产量气液两相流模拟实验研究。实验采用内径为40 mm、长8 m的透明有机玻璃管,并利用高速摄像仪记录实验过程中的流型。对实验流型进行分析,发现了倾斜管中低气流速下的一种新的流型-振荡冲击流,并研究了表观气、液流速和倾斜角对气液两相流动中压降的影响,建立气/液膜流动模型来分析表观气、液流速对压降梯度的影响作用,实验研究结果表明:在高气液量范围内,倾斜管中观察到的气液两相流型主要为振荡冲击流、过渡流和环状流,并且倾角对流型转变边界的影响不显著;振荡冲击流压降随气流速的增加而降低,环状流压降随气流速的增加而增加,过渡流压降梯度最小;倾斜管压降梯度随着倾斜角度的增加而增大。     

水平管路水环输送稠油减阻模拟实验

随着石油开采的增加，黏度较大的稠油输送受到越来越多的关注。基于自主设计的两相流水环输送稠油实验系统，模拟并开展了水环输送稠油实验。拍摄了水环发生器在不同间隙尺寸下的流动流型，分析了不同实验条件下的水环输送稠油减阻效果。结果表明：水环输送可以大大降低管道输送过程中压降；结合实验和模拟，水环发生器间隙尺寸在0.9～1.4 mm时，水环的减阻效果最好；流速增加会增大单位管道上的压降，降低水环输送的减阻效果。     

水平管内水环输送模拟稠油减阻特性

基于自主设计加工并搭建的水环输送稠油减阻模拟管路系统,采用500^#白油模拟稠油,试验研究了稠油在水环作用下的水平管流阻力特性,分析了油相表观流速（0.3～1.0m/s）、水相表观流速（0.11～0.72m/s）及入口含水率（0.13～0.49）对水润滑管流流型特征及减阻效果的影响。结果表明：环状水膜可有效隔离并润滑油壁界面,油-水两相流流型总体上呈稳定的偏心环状流结构;水环输送可大幅降低管道输送过程中的压降,其压降值仅为相同油流量下纯油输送压降的1/55～1/27;当入口含水率为0.13～0.27时,水环输送的效能显著,输油效率均高于40;油相表观流速和入口含水率的增加会增大单位管长压降,降低水环输送的减阻效果和输油效能。     

Experimental study on the restart of core-annular flow

We show the results of an experimental campaign to study the pressure drop during the restart of a core-annular flow from a stratified configuration. In normal core annular flow operations, due to fouling or pump failures, a core flow may not be sustained anymore and hence it stratifies. Since the pressure drops connected to the stratified flow regime are much larger than the ones of core annular, the flow suddenly stops. To restart it there are two possibilities: one is to try to provide a higher pressure gradient trying to restore the flow of water and oil, the other is to clean the pipe using water only: in both cases an attachment of a thin layer of oil on the pipe internal wall occurs and the pressure drop for water only or oil–water are higher than the previous ones with clean pipe wall. We focused our attention on the cleaning by water only and we provide experimental data on the evolution of the pressure drop as function of time in order to find when the pipe could be considered as perfectly cleaned or, at least, when the pressure drop are low enough to restart the oil flow. The experimental results are finally compared with a two-fluid model available in literature.     

油水混合物在水平管中的二相流动特性研究

对内径40mm的钢管和有机玻璃管内油水二相水平流动时的流型、摩擦压降特性进行了详细的实验研究,结果表明:油包水向水包油的转变发生在含水体积分数约0. 4时。随含水体积分数的增大,油水二相流的摩擦压降先是急剧减小,其后在含水体积分数大于0. 4时压降变化趋于平缓。油水二相流的摩擦压降受含水体积分数、管壁润湿特性、管壁粗糙度以及混合物流速的影响,当二相流体处于水包油状态时,钢管内的摩擦压降比有机玻璃管内的大;而当处于油包水时,有机玻璃管内的摩擦压降则比钢管内的摩擦压降大。     

Study on pressure drop characteristics of gas-liquid swirl annular flow

Considering the influence of swirl attenuation, the pressure drop characteristics of gas-liquid spiral annular flow are studied, and the pressure drop prediction model of spiral annular flow is deduced. The swirl-straight ratio of pressure drop is defined as the ratio of pressure drop of swirl flow to straight flow, used to characterize the effect of swirl decay on pressure drop. The expression of swirl-straight ratio of pressure drop is derived by the method of dimensional analysis, and it has a strongly dependence on Lockhart-Martinelli coefficient and gas phase Froude number. Finally, the prediction model of pressure drop for gas-liquid swirl annular flow is obtained. The pressure drop characteristics of the swirl annular flow are experimentally studied in a horizontal tube with an inner diameter of 50 mm. The range of the gas superficial velocity is 10—16 m/s and the range of the liquid volume fraction (LVF) is 0.6%—4.8%. Through comparison with experimental data, the relative error of the pressure drop prediction model is within ±15%, which provides a method reference for engineering applications.     

气液螺旋环状流压降特性研究

考虑旋流衰减的影响,对气液螺旋环状流的压降特性进行研究并推导出了螺旋环状流压降预测模型。定义压降旋-直比系数为气液两相螺旋环状流和气液两相直流的压降之比,以此来表征旋流衰减对压降的影响。基于量纲分析的方法对压降旋-直比系数进行分析,推导出其表达式,压降旋-直比系数依赖于Lockhart-Martinelli 参数和气相Froude数变化。最终,得出了气液两相螺旋环状流的压降预测模型。在50 mm内径的水平管内对螺旋环状流的压降特性进行了实验研究,其中气相表观流速变化范围为10~16 m/s,体积含液率（LVF）变化范围为0.6%~4.8%。通过与实验数据进行对比,压降预测模型的相对误差在±15%以内,为工程应用提供了参考。     

立式螺旋管气液两相流摩擦阻力特性研究

分别以油 气、气 水为工质,对立式螺旋管内气液两相流的摩擦阻力特性进行实验研究。实验用螺旋管完全由内径为３９ｍｍ的有机玻璃管弯制而成,其螺旋直径２６５ｍｍ,全长４４９０ｍｍ。在对实验结果和前人有关研究进行分析的基础上,给出了两种流动条件下摩擦阻力的计算公式,并与实验结果进行了比较,两种流动条件下,预测值与实验数据的最大偏差分别在３０％和２０％之内。     

流体物性对壳侧不互溶双组分两相流动特性的影响

选用空气-水和空气-柴油2种不互溶双组分两相混合物物系,实验研究了液相物性对管壳式换热器壳侧两相流流型及其转变和两相流动特性的影响.研究表明,液相物性对间歇流向环状流的转变有显著影响,对于向泡状流转变的影响则不如在管内流动明显.研究还表明,液相物性特别是粘度和表面张力对截面含气率和两相摩擦压降有显著影响.     

环形狭缝通道内气液两相环状流流动特性

建立了环形狭缝通道内气液两相环状流的理论模型 ,该模型计及环状流气芯流动的可压缩性、气液两相间的相滑移、气相对液滴的夹带作用等因素 .考察了两相流质量流量和干度对压降、液滴速度相对变化和狭缝喉部气芯通流面积的影响 .用建立的理论模型对空气 -水两相环状流通过环形狭缝的两相压降进行预测 ,预测值和试验值吻合良好     

大输量多相混输管路气液两相流实验研究

为了研究大输量条件下多相混输管路的流动特性,以水和空气为实验介质,在长江大学多相流实验平台上进行了水平状态的高气液量两相流模拟实验研究。实验采用内径为60 mm、长9.4 m的透明有机玻璃管,并利用高速摄像仪记录实验过程中的流型。通过对实验流型进行整理,将水平管内的气液两相流流型划分为分层流、泡状流、段塞流和环状流,并与典型的Mandhane流型图进行对比分析。另外,对实验范围内的几种典型流型下的压降梯度变化规律进行了研究,泡状流区域压降梯度随气流速的增大而减小,段塞流区域压降梯度随气流速的增大而缓慢增大,环状流区域压降梯度随气流速的增加而继续增大。     

Large‐Eddy Simulation of Oil‐Water Annular Flow in Eccentric Vertical Pipes

One of the difficulties related to oil exploration is transporting heavy oil since its high viscosity causes high‐pressure drop and energy consumption. In order to save energy, the core annular flow (CAF) can be applied where a two‐phase annular flow occurs, with peripheral water flowing offering a reduction in energy expenditure. The multiphase flow was studied experimentally in a simple purpose‐built unit. To theoretically handle the CAF, computational fluid dynamics simulations were done with the commercial package Ansys Fluent. The flow was considered turbulent, isothermal, incompressible, and 3D, and both stationary and transient cases were evaluated. The volume‐of‐fluid model was adopted for the multiphase system, and water/oil interface and turbulence phenomena were well predicted.     

气液两相流流经环形狭缝通道的流动特性

引言动力、能源、石油化工等领域中广泛应用着各类管壳式换热器,此类换热器的管子与折流板之间、折流板与壳体之间在制造与装配中存在着一定的间隙。这些间隙对壳侧的压降及换热系数有较大影响。对于单相流体,这些间隙产生的泄漏量可占总流量的15％～60％~［1～4]．根据文献报道~［5],大约有50％以上的管壳式换热器涉及气液两相流,迄今为止对气液两相流体流经环形狭缝通道的流动特性研究尚未见有文献报道．本文在水平放置环形狭缝通道中,对空气一水两相混合物流经3种不同间隙环形狭缝通道的流动特性进行了研究,并应用分相模型提出了计…     

水平油气两相流中液滴分布的衰减系数

引　言在石油、天然气的开发过程中 ,在通常的操作条件下 ,水平管线中的两相分离流 (指分层流和环状流 )是常见的流动结构 在较高的气相流速时 ,液滴可从液膜表面上被撕破而进入到中心气核中去 .液滴和其携带流体间的相互作用和相间滑移的存在强烈地影响着流动时的压降特性 ,而液滴浓度在管截面上的不均匀分布 ,也影响气相速度的分布以及对相份额的准确计算和测量 .众所周知 ,管路的压降和相份额数据是两相或多相流输送管线和管路终端处理设备的设计及安全、经济运行的最重要依据 .由此可见 ,在两相输送过程中对液滴传输特性研究的重要性 .…     

Modeling of low viscosity oil-water annular flow in horizontal and slightly inclined pipes: Experiments and CFD simulations

To characterize the effect of pipe inclination, low viscosity, flow rate and inlet water cut on annular flow pattern, a low viscosity oil-water two-phase annular flow in horizontal and slightly inclined (+1°, +3° and +5°) pipes with diameter of 20 mm has been experimentally investigated. A modified VOF model based on the CFD software package FLUENT was used to predict the in-situ oil fraction and pressure drop. The experimental data indicate that annular flow appears at a medium-high water cut. The slip ratio increases with flow rate increase but decreases with increasing water cut. The changes are more significant as the degree of inclination increases. Pressure drop is strongly dependent on flow rate, as it increases rapidly as inlet flow rate increase. Good agreement between the experimental data and calculated results of slip ratio and pressure drop was obtained.     

The effect of gas injection on the flow of immiscible liquids in horizontal pipes

The flow of two immiscible liquids and the influence of an additional inserted gas phase in horizontal pipes is investigated. The experiments are carried out in a transparent horizontal pipe with an inner diameter of 59 mm and a total length of 48 m. Experimental results are presented for the flow regimes of the two phase and three phase flow of oil, water and gas mixtures. The effect of phase inversion on the pressure drop is measured. The experimental results obtained for the three phase flow of oil, water and air indicate that drag reduction is possible by injecting gas in laminar flowing mixtures of oil and water. In the aerated slug flow regime of oil, water and air a water dominated and an oil dominated flow system can be distinguished. The pressure drop of the three phase flow system is of the magnitude as the pressure drop of the two phase flow of gas and the dominating liquid phase.     

Numerical Simulation of Oil‐Water Core Annular Flow in a U‐Bend Based on the Eulerian Model

The oil‐water core annular flow through a U‐bend is simulated by computational fluid dynamics based on the Eulerian model. More flow parameters and the effect of annulus thickness on core annular flow are discussed. Conformity between the simulated and experimental data is observed. The development of oil‐water core annular flow in the U‐bend is analyzed, and the distributions of pressure and velocity are discussed. Results of the Eulerian model and volume‐of‐fluid (VOF) model are compared and the influence of oil properties on total pressure gradient is investigated. The suitable range of annulus thickness is identified. The results provide suitable operation conditions for designing the U‐bend pipefitting.     

A new mechanistic model to predict gas–liquid interface shape of gas–liquid flow through pipes with low liquid loading

Devising a new mechanistic method to predict gas–liquid interface shape in horizontal pipes is concerned in this article. An experiment was conducted to find the pressure gradients of air–water flow through a 1‐in. pipe diameter. Comparing results of model with some experimental data available in the literature demonstrates that the model provides quite better predictions than existed models do. This model also predicts flow regime transition from stratified to annular flow better than Apparent Rough Surface and Modified Apparent Rough Surface models for both 1‐ and 2‐in. pipe diameters. The model also leads to reliable predictions of wetted wall fraction experimental data. Although one parameter of new model was evaluated based on air–water flow pressure loss experimental data for 1 in. pipe, it was considerably successful to predict pressure drop, liquid holdup, stratified‐annular transition and wetted wall fraction for other gas–liquid systems and pipe diameters. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 1043–1053, 2015     

双切向环流气体分布器结构优化的研究

双切向环流气体分布器性能的优劣与导流板和套筒结构的密切相关。优化导流板和套筒结构可强化双切向环流气体分布器的稳流性能,改善塔内流场分布。文中利用CFD软件采用k-ε湍流模型,对分布器内不同环形通道宽度下的流场分布进行了数值模拟。考察了套筒与塔壁的间距L变化对分布器性能的影响,并得出了在既定塔径下分布器性能达到最优时L的尺寸。通过模拟不同导流板数目和结构下塔内的流场分布,考察了分布器性能随导流板数目、轴向及径向倾角的变化趋势。分析得出使分布器压降最小,流场分布最优时挡板的结构参数。为工程设计时预测分布器的速度场及能量耗散提供参考。