烧结温度对MnO2基烧结辐射粉体基料辐射性能的影响

介绍了不同温度下烧结的以MnO2为主要成分的过渡金属氧化物辐射粉体基料的微观结构与辐射性能，分析了烧结温度对其矿物组成、微观结构及辐射性能的影响，探讨了改善粉体基料红外辐射性能的掺杂方式。     

烧结温度对导电木炭特性的影响

以催化炭化工艺经高温烧结制备导电木炭,分析和探讨了烧结温度对木炭导电性能、微晶结构和石墨化度的影响.烧结温度从1,200,℃升高到1,500,℃时,导电木炭的电阻率降至0.052,3,.cm,且导电木炭中石墨状微晶排列由无规则排列逐渐转化为有序排列.导电木炭的拉曼光谱分析结果表明,烧结温度的升高有利于增加导电木炭的石墨状微晶的含量,提高其结晶程度和石墨化度.导电木炭的X射线衍射分析结果表明,在烧结温度升高的过程中,导电木炭晶面的层间距逐渐减小,向石墨化结构转变,当烧结温度升至1,500,℃时,导电木炭已部分石墨化.     

中低铝氧化物陶瓷低温烧结研究和烧结助剂的制备

基于氧化物陶瓷低温烧结理论,针对中低铝陶瓷(Al2O318%～75%,SiO225%～82%)采用廉价添加物配制了一种低温烧结助剂,烧结助剂包括助熔剂和活化剂两部分.此烧结助剂节能效果显著,改良产品的主要性能均达到或优于原产品.并应用XRD与SEM等研究手段,对原产品和添加烧结助剂产品的微观结构进行对比分析,发现此烧结助剂对改善产品强度,韧性,微观结构,提高化学稳定性与热稳定性均起到较好效果.     

一种陶瓷烧结的新工艺及其配套设备

叙述了一种陶瓷烧结的新工艺及其与传统陶瓷烧结工艺的比较，并对新工艺的设备进行了一些探索。     

关于高铝煤矸石砖耗热量与烧结温度的探讨

利用陈煤矸石烧结砖愈来愈受到人们的重视，但对烧结温度控制的问题，尚未引起人们的关注。文章通过对云南省高铝煤矸石烧结砖坯体进行合理温度控制的探讨，提出了针对不同的陈煤矸石原料必须估算其总反应热或耗热量。如果对所有陈煤矸石砖坯体只按一种烧结模式进行烧结，则很难保证煤矸石烧结砖的质量，同时也提出这是今后利用煤矸石烧结瓠值得认真研究的问题。     

硫脲对铁矿石烧结过程中二恶英的抑制作用

为实现铁矿石烧结过程二恶英(PCDD/Fs)高效低成本的控制技术,研究了硫脲对PCDD/Fs的抑制作用。硫脲添加量分别为0.05%、0.1%、0.5%时,PCDD/Fs排放浓度及毒性当量(TEQ)比未添加硫脲时(20.70ng/kg,0.272 ng TEQ/kg)分别减少了38.84%(67.63%)、47.83%(72.61%)、77.58%(76.46%),添加量为0.5%时减排率最大。硫脲加入烧结料前后,PCDD/Fs的排放始终以PCDFs为主,硫脲的抑制作用主要体现在对"从头合成"反应的抑制。TEQ最大贡献物始终是23478-P5CDF。     

激光选区烧结_SLS_成型机的粉末预热过程的实验研究

在激光选区烧结（SLS）快速成型技术中,热能的传递和吸收是一个关键的过程,热能的有效利用和均匀分布是决定SLS成形技术成败的重要因素。粉末的预热是影响成型加工和成型精度的最重要因素之一,文中对成型机工作腔的一般预热方法的预热过程进行了分析,并在实验基础上获得了关于预热温度场的预热过程数学模型,该模型对于预热装置设计、SLS成型过程控制都具有重要的意义。     

生物质流化床燃烧/气化的烧结特性与机理综述

流化床燃烧/气化是生物质高效规模化能源利用的主要方式之一,由于生物质在较低温度下燃烧/气化时就容易发生床料烧结,影响了系统安全稳定运行,阻碍了能源利用效率的提高.系统地归纳了不同生物质在不同种类床料状态下燃烧/气化时烧结所需的特征温度,分析了生物质种类、碱金属含量、反应气氛与烧结温度之间的联系,结合相关研究,对生物质的烧结机理进行了分析和总结,对烧结温度预测方法和模型的优缺点进行了剖析和比较,对生物质燃烧/气化烧结机理进一步研究、预测模型的优化等提出了积极的建议,以期为相关研究的深入开展和生物质能规模化利用水平的提高提供有意义的参考.     

烧结过程余热资源回收与利用技术

烧结余热的回收与利用是钢铁行业降低烧结工序能耗、提高烧结经济效益的有效途径之一。描述了烧结过程余热资源组成及特点;分析了影响烧结余热回收与利用的主要因素,包括冷却机冷却风速、冷却机料层厚度、进口冷却风温、发电附属设备、热风烧结和漏风等。在此基础上,得到了提高余热回收与利用的途径,为钢铁行业节能减排提供理论依据。     

降低刚玉瓷烧成温度和拓宽烧结范围的探讨

探讨了几种陶瓷原料及不同加入量对刚玉瓷的烧成温度，烧结范围及耐磨性能的影响；在有关理论的指导下，试验成功一种刚玉瓷的新配方，既降低了烧成温度，拓宽了烧结范围，又提高了耐磨性能。     

Experimental Analysis of the Process Performance and Quality Index in the Waste Gas Recovery Iron Ore Sintering—Based on a Plant Test

Effects of different waste gas recovery sintering (WGRS) methods on the quality index and process performance of the iron ore sinter were studied by a plant test, compared to the conventional sintering (CS). Two key operational parameters, namely, the temperature and oxygen content of the recycling gas, were selectively discussed. The values of these two parameters were measured in the gas‐mixing chamber. The sintering mixture with a constant proportion was obtained ensuring the similar mass averaged particle sizes. The changes in the sintering process performance, such as the exhaust emission regulation, productivity, energy consumption, and sintering efficiency of the system, were analyzed. The quality indexes including the yield, chemical composition and size distribution of the sinter cake, the tumbler index (TI), and the reducibility (RI) in different methods of WGRS were also analyzed. Systematic analyses demonstrate the feasibility of replacing the CS production with the WGRS technology. The optimal temperature range of the recycling gas was 200 °C～250 °C, and the suggested values of oxygen content was closed to 21%.     

Influence of coal co-firing on the particulate matter formation during pulverized biomass combustion

Biomass is regarded as CO₂-neutral, while the high contents of potassium and chlorine in biomass induce severe particulate matter emission, ash deposition, and corrosion in combustion facilities. Co-firing biomass with coal in pulverized-combustion (PC) furnaces is able to solve these problems, as well as achieve a much higher generating efficiency than grate furnaces. In this work, the particulate matter (PM) emission from biomass co-firing with coal was studied in an entrained flow reactor at a temperature of 1623 K simulating PC furnace condition. PMs were sampled through a 13-stage impactor, and their morphology and elemental composition were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and electron dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. SO₂ emissions were measured to interpret the possibility of potassium sulfation during co-firing. Results show that PMs from the separated combustion of both biomass and coal present a bimodal particle size distribution (PSD). The concentration and size of fine-mode submicron particles (PM_1.0) from biomass combustion are much higher than those from coal combustion because of the high potassium content in biomass. For the co-firing cases, with the coal ratio increasing from 0% to 50%, the PM_1.0 yield is reduced by more than half and the PM_1.0 size becomes smaller, in contrast, the concentration of coarse-mode particles with the size of 1.0–10 μm (PM_1.0-10) increases. The measured PM_1.0 yields of co-firing are lower than the theoretically weight-averaged ones, which proves that during the biomass and coal co-firing in PC furnaces, the vaporized potassium from biomass can be efficiently captured by these silicon-aluminate oxides in coal ash. In the studied range of coal co-firing ratio (≤50 wt.%), the chlorides and sulfates of alkali metals from biomass burning are the dominating components in PM_1.0, and a certain amount of silicon is observed in PM_0.1-1. The analysis of chemical composition in PM_1.0, together with that of SO₂ emission, indicates a marginal sulfation of alkali metal chloride occurring at high temperatures in PC furnaces.     

10t冲天炉最佳结构及工艺的确定

通过对10t/h冲天炉的改造,将3排小风口冲天炉改为两排大间距结构,用正交设计法试验确定10t冲天炉最佳结构及工艺参数．实验结果表明,10t/h冲天炉采用两排大间距炉型,倒置风口(67／33)、小风口比(2．0)、焦铁比1：10、风量110m^3／mm的工况下可获得最佳熔化效果。改造后的10t冲天炉比原3排小风口冲天炉的铁水温度提高30～50℃,显著减少了炉前出铁口冻结事故,降低铸件废品率1．92％。     

碱金属钾对高碱煤灰熔融特性影响研究

为研究碱金属钾对高碱煤灰熔融特性的影响,将不同质量分数的K2SO4添加到制备的煤灰中进行灰熔融特性分析,并使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)对煤灰微观形貌及其矿物质演变规律进行了研究,结果表明：随着K2SO4添加量的增加,煤灰熔融温度先降后升,体积液相收缩率先升后降,两者相互印证,K2SO4的加入在一定范围内加剧了煤灰熔融性,超过这一范围时会减弱其熔融性。随着温度的升高,添加K2SO4的煤灰由红色变为棕黑色,同时发生烧结,当温度高于1250 ℃时,煤灰由固相逐渐变为液相。煤灰中加入K2SO4份额逐渐增高时,高熔点的石英、莫来石、钙长石等不断减少,产生了白榴石、钾霞石等矿物质形成的低温共熔体,从而降低了灰熔点,加剧液相的形成甚至形成致密烧结体。     

电渣冶金过程炉渣成分变化及其影响研究

ESR用渣和整个操作中的各个过程有着密切的关系.实践表明虽然采用的是同一成分渣,含氟渣系在电渣冶金过程中成分会发生不断变化.渣组成的变化导致工艺过程中炉渣性能的变化,直接影响到电渣冶金工艺过程及电渣冶金产品质量.对电渣冶金过程炉渣成分及其对熔点、电导率等的影响进行了测定,对造成炉渣成分变化的原因进行了初步分析,对炉渣成分变化对电渣冶炼工艺及产品质量的影响进行了讨论.     

铁矿石品位与焦比、铁水产量关系的研究

为进一步了解铁矿石品位与焦比、铁水产量的关系,用拉姆计算法对铁矿石品位变化1％对焦比的影响进行计算,对国内某炼铁厂2 500 m3高炉实际生产数据进行统计及理论计算.研究结果表明随着矿石品位的增加,矿石品位对焦比的影响越来越小,铁水产量随铁矿石品位呈线性增长关系.计算得出入炉铁矿石品位为56.4％时,矿石品位增加∶焦比减少∶铁水产量增加=1∶1.6∶1.77,与实际统计得到的1∶1.74∶2.39较为相近,计算结果有效,但与经验关系1∶2∶3有所不同.提供了一种能用于生产高炉分析矿石品位与焦比、铁水产量关系的计算方法,为细化高炉操提供指导.     

添加剂对垃圾焚烧炉飞灰熔融特性的影响

将SiO2、CaO和Al2O3按不同比例与垃圾焚烧炉飞灰均匀混合,对混合后试样的熔融特性进行实验研究。结果表明:当添加剂加入量在15%左右时,试样的灼烧减量基本趋于稳定,添加量过高或过低试样灼烧减量波动均很大。适量(15%左右)的加入3种添加剂时,SiO2可使试样达到更好的熔融效果,CaO不利于试样的熔融,Al2O3可提高试样的硬度和致密性。添加剂对熔融试样的重金属分布有显著影响,添加SiO2、CaO均能促使Cr、Ni固溶在熔融体中,且SiO2含量增加有助于As的挥发;而CaO可抑制As挥发。Al2O3除对Ni固溶有正面影响外,对Cr、As、Cu的固溶有负面影响。     

某磁铁矿矿碴堆放场淋溶水对地下水水质的影响

为探讨丘陵地区矿碴堆放场里的固体废弃物淋溶水对周边地下水的污染状况,针对某磁铁矿东、西侧矿碴堆放场地水文地质工程地质条件,分析了矿碴堆放场淋溶水造成的地下水污染情况,进而构建了该矿碴堆放场影响范围之内的水文地质概化模型、地下水水流数学模型及地下水溶质运移数学模型,将含水岩组参数、初始条件和边界条件代入水质模型,利用MODFLOW和MT3D软件联合运行水流和水质模型。结果表明,污染物于第2年末开始污染承压水,第10年末污染物在东、西侧矿碴堆放场水平方向上运移距离分别为188、120m,垂直方向上运移距离分别为96、68m,污染羽中心点浓度分别为0.45、0.20mg/L。     

Influence of sintering on the growth rate of particulate fouling layers

This article addresses the question; why the gas-side temperature affects the rate of particulate fouling of heat exchangers? An experiment was carried out in a gas-cooler of a full-scale biomass gasifier to investigate the influence of the gas-side temperature on the strength, structure and growth rate of particulate fouling layers. It is observed that the particulate fouling rate in the gas cooler decreases with sintering, which is a function of the gas-side temperature. Detailed impaction experiments are carried out to investigate the influence of sintering on the removal of particles from a particulate fouling layer due to an incident particle impact as well as the sticking of an incident particle to a particulate fouling layer. Sintering of a fouling layer lowers significantly the ability of an incident particle to stick to the fouling layer or to remove particles out of the layer. However, particles that are still able to deposit on the sintered fouling layer will not sinter immediately, and can be removed due to the incident particles impact. The removal of newly deposited particles on a fouling layer due to incident particles becomes easier as sintering of the fouling layer takes place. Accordingly, it may be stated that sintering reduces the fouling rate of heat exchangers by lowering the deposition of new particles and increasing the removal rate of newly deposited particles. This explains why the growth rate of particulate fouling layers decreases with the gas-side temperature.     

运行期放矿对尾矿坝渗流场的影响分析

放矿是选矿厂将尾矿用管道输送至尾矿库堆存的矿山生产环节之一,其输送的尾矿含有大量水,影响尾矿坝渗流场。基于饱和—非饱和渗流理论,以某尾矿坝扩容加高工程为例,建立三维有限元渗流分析模型,依据尾矿输送实际情况,模拟运行期放矿条件下的尾矿坝渗流场,分析了放矿流量对尾矿坝渗流场的影响。结果表明,运行期放矿对尾矿坝渗流场的影响主要集中在尾矿沉积滩入渗面以下约32m深处;放矿流量越大,入渗面附近浸润面抬升越大且暂态饱和区越厚;放矿入渗受尾矿料的入渗能力限制,放矿流量超过一定值后,放矿水直接流入尾矿库,其影响不再扩大。研究成果可为尾矿坝的安全运行提供技术支持。