马尾松APMP的研究

马尾松ＡＰＭＰ的研究碱性过氧化氢法制化机浆（ＡＰＭＰ）是八十年代末开发、九十年代将大力发展的新兴制浆方法。它的特点是生产漂白木浆流程简单，不需另设漂白车间，能耗和废液的ＢＯＤ５与ＣＯＤ较ＣＭＰ和ＣＴＭＰ的低。纸浆强度与ＣＭＰ和ＣＴＭＰ的相当。阔叶木Ａ...     

以光卤石为原料制取磷酸二氢钾的工艺

以天然光卤石为原料生产ＫＨ２ＰＯ４,提出了最佳工艺条件．采用高氯酸铵（ＮＨ４ＣｌＯ４）加入光卤石饱和溶液,经沉淀、过滤得高氯酸钾（ＫＣｌＯ４）,再将此ＫＣｌＯ４ 加入磷酸中,以叔胺类萃取剂萃取去除高氯酸（ＨＣｌＯ４）获得ＫＨ２ＰＯ４．萃出的ＨＣｌＯ４ 经氢氧化铵水溶液反萃所得的ＮＨ４ＣｌＯ４ 可循环使用．光卤石中钾的回收率达９４％ ,所得ＫＨ２ＰＯ４ 的纯度为９９．１％ ．     

减少二氧化氯漂白过程中有机结合氯的形成

减少二氧化氯漂白过程中有机结合氯的形成Ｙ．Ｍ．Ｇ．Ｊ，ＤＵＢＥＳａｎｄＡ．Ｒ．Ｐ．ＶＡＮＨＥＬＭＮＧＥＮ加拿大ＪＯＵＲＮＡＬＯＦＰＵＬＰＡＮＤＰＡＰＥＲＳＣＩＥＮＣＥ，Ｖｏｌ．２０，ＮＯ．４，Ａｐｒｉｌ，１９９４李文俊，刘茜毓译通过对ＣｌＯ２漂白化学...     

高效液相色谱法测定大豆提取物中大豆异黄酮的含量

本文建立了大豆提取物中大豆异黄酮的高效液相色谱测定方法,通过正交试验了样品水解最佳条件为１．０ｍｏｌ／ｌ ＨＣｌ－ＭｅＯＨ溶解,８０℃下,回流水解０．５ｈ,采用Ｎｏｖａ－Ｐａｋ Ｃ１８ ３．９＊１０ｍｍ４μｍ色谱柱ＭｅＯＨ－０．４％Ｈ３ＰＯ４（４７：５３Ｖ／Ｖ）为流动相,流速０．７ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ检测波长２６０ｎｍ等色谱条件下测定甙元含量,通过换算因子计算大豆异黄酮的含量。该方法快速,灵敏、重理性好,     

流动注射分光光度法同时测定制革鞣液及废液中Cr2O3和Al …

利用流动注射交替注入二苯碳酰二肼（ＤＰＣ）／铬天青（ＣＡＳ）,采用分光光度法,于５４５ｍｍ波长处,同时测定制革鞣注及废液中Ｃｒ２Ｏ３和Ａｌ２Ｏ３的含量。测定频率４８次／ｈ,测定Ｃｒ２Ｏ３：ＲＳＤ≤２．１９１％;测定Ａｌ２Ｏ３：ＲＳＤ≤１．７３１％,与传统方法相比,具有简便、快速,准确等优点。     

乳化剂OP微分电位溶出法快速测定啤酒中痕量铅的研究

探讨了乳化剂ＯＰ存在下，微分电位溶出法（ＤＰＳＡ）测定啤酒中铅的最佳条件。发现铅在含有０．１８～０．６０ｍｏｌ／ＬＨＣｌ介质中于－０．５２Ｖ（ＶＳ．ＳＣＥ）处有一灵敏的溶出峰。检出线为０．０３３μｇ／２０ｍｌ，加标回收率为９５．８％～１０２％，ＲＳＤ为１．５％～４．０％，方法已用于啤酒中铅的直接测定。     

文摘

文摘以牛奶为基础的酸性食用凝胶的生产方法（ＢＵ－ＤＯＬＦＳＥＮ，Ｇ；ＮＩＥＣＳＥＮ，Ｐ．Ｍ）ＰＣＴＩｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌＰａｔｅｎｔＡｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎ（１９９４）ＷＯ９４／２１１２９ＡＩ，７ｐｐ［英文］ＤＳＡ．Ｐ１０７（１９９５）８０８文章报...     

柠酸酸发酵废醪提取食用色素的研究

采用树脂法从柠檬酸废醪中提取食用色素—焦糖色素和黄色素。产品质量分别达到国家标准,同时使排放废液的ＣＯＤ由１０～１４万ｍｇ／ｌ降至１万ｍｇ／ｌ左右,ｐＨ由４．５～５．０升至７．０左右     

新型防腐剂富马酸二甲酯（DMF）及其在食品工业中应用

新型防腐剂富马酸二甲酯（ＤＭＦ）及其在食品工业中应用夏邦旗食品科学，１９９５（５）：３８～４０富马酸二甲酯（ＤＭＦ）为白色晶体，分子式为Ｃ６Ｈ８Ｏ４，最大无作用剂量为５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重，属低毒性产品；在ｐＨ值３．０～８．０范围内对各种霉菌均有良好的抑...     

光合细菌降解酸法草浆制浆废液中有机污染物的研究

亚硫酸氢镁法苇浆制浆废液（ＭｇＳＳＬ）经切割分子量为１００００的ＰＳ膜超滤，提取高分子木质素磺酸盐后的滤过液，在好氧条件下用光合菌（ＰＳＢ）处理，采用ＧＣ／ＭＳ、ＩＲ、１３Ｃ－ＮＭＲ技术研究了光合菌对该废液中木质纤维素衍生物的降解情况。ＰＳＢ处理后，废液中三氯甲烷可萃取有机物降低８４．７％，脂肪酸与具有木质素单体结构的有机物几乎完全被降解。废液中不溶于三氯甲烷的高分子组份，主要为木质素磺酸盐和低聚糖等。经ＰＳＢ处理后，低聚糖在很大程度上被降解，具有α－酮结构的酚型木素结构单元的侧链等可被氧化断开。     

用UASB-SBR组合处理麦草爆破制浆废液

采用改良式UASB反应器与SBR反应器组合对爆破法制浆废液进行了处理,研究结果发现,在厌氧处理段,当水力停留时间为1d时,容积负荷为5.3gCODCr/(L·d),CODCr的去除率可以达到75%,BOD5去除率达95%,平均甲烷产率为247.4ml/gCODCr。组合处理后,废液中BOD5总去除率达98%以上,达到新排放标准,CODCr总去除率为85.3%。     

立体式厌氧/好氧反应池处理垃圾渗滤液的工程应用

介绍了某垃圾焚烧发电厂渗滤液厌氧出水的处理工程,采用立体式厌氧/好氧反应池处理工艺。对反应池启动和调试过程中污染物的去除效果进行了分析。结果表明,当处理负荷为COD 1.8 kg/(m3·d)和NH3-N 0.36 kg/(m3·d)左右时,出水COD和NH3-N质量浓度分别低于1 900 mg/L和180 mg/L,两者去除率分别高达80%和90%左右。经过120 d满负荷运行,反应池展现出较好的抗冲击负荷能力,出水指标均达到设计要求,经过后续MBR处理可以达到3级排放标准。该工程能够有效节约占地面积。     

动态膜生物反应器-混凝工艺处理草浆中段废水

采用动态膜生物反应器(DMBR)-混凝工艺对草浆造纸中段废水进行处理。结果表明,DMBR内的生物动态膜约在反应器运行60min后形成。在污泥浓度为10g/L、水力停留时间24h、进水CODCr1344mg/L、进水木素为390mg/L时,DMBR出水CODCr和木素分别平均为260mg/L和192mg/L。投加PAC对动态膜生物反应器出水进行混凝处理,当PAC用量为0.54g/L时,混凝处理出水的CODCr和木素平均为117mg/L和63mg/L。DMBR反冲洗后,反应器内生物动态膜的再生需要30min完成,稳定运行过程中DMBR的反冲洗周期能够稳定在29h以上。     

变性淀粉生产中的废水处理工程改造实例

处理高浓度变性淀粉生产废水由原来的好氧处理改为厌氧 (EGSB) 好氧处理 ,整套工艺只是在增加了厌氧反应器后 ,处理出水COD值可由改造前的 2 0 0 0mg/L变为改造后的10 0mg/L ,低于国家污水综合排放一级标准 ,并且运行费用比改造前相比明显降低。工程实践表明 ,该工艺在处理高浓度有机废水中具有很高推广价值     

高铁酸钠-聚合双酸铝铁处理亚硫酸盐法制浆中段废水

以工业废弃物为主要原料合成高铁酸钠（Na2FeO4）和聚合双酸铝铁（PAFCS）,研究了Na2FeO4、PAFCS以及Na2FeO4-PAFCS联用处理亚硫酸盐法麦草制浆中段废水二沉池出水的效果。结果表明,以Na2FeO4-PAFCS联用处理亚硫酸盐法麦草制浆中段废水二沉池出水的处理效果最好,当Na2FeO4用量为1.0 g/L,PAFCS用量为1.0 g/L时,对二沉池出水CODCr、色度的去除率为82.4%、93.8%,处理后废水CODCr 48.2 mg/L、色度5倍,pH值7.46,满足排放要求。     

Anaerobic fluidized bed membrane bioreactor for wastewater treatment

Anaerobic membrane bioreactors have potential for energy-efficient treatment of domestic and other wastewaters, membrane fouling being a major hurdle to application. It was found that fouling can be controlled if membranes are placed directly in contact with the granular activated carbon (GAC) in an anaerobic fluidized bed bioreactor (AFMBR) used here for post-treatment of effluent from another anaerobic reactor treating dilute wastewater. A 120-d continuous-feed evaluation was conducted using this two-stage anaerobic treatment system operated at 35 °C and fed a synthetic wastewater with chemical oxygen demand (COD) averaging 513 mg/L. The first-stage was a similar fluidized-bed bioreactor without membranes (AFBR), operated at 2.0-2.8 h hydraulic retention time (HRT), and was followed by the above AFMBR, operating at 2.2 h HRT. Successful membrane cleaning was practiced twice. After the second cleaning and membrane flux set at 10 L/m(2)/h, transmembrane pressure increased linearly from 0.075 to only 0.1 bar during the final 40 d of operation. COD removals were 88% and 87% in the respective reactors and 99% overall, with permeate COD of 7 ± 4 mg/L. Total energy required for fluidization for both reactors combined was 0.058 kWh/m(3), which could be satisfied by using only 30% of the gaseous methane energy produced. That of the AFMBR alone was 0.028 kWh/m(3), which is significantly less than reported for other submerged membrane bioreactors with gas sparging for fouling control.     

Enhanced treatment efficiency of an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) for cassava stillage with high solids content

Cassava stillage is a high strength organic wastewater with high suspended solids (SS) content. The efficiency of cassava stillage treatment using an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) was significantly enhanced by discharging settled sludge to maintain a lower sludge concentration (about 30 g/L) in the reactor. Three hydraulic retention times (HRTs), namely 10 d, 7.5 d, 5 d, were evaluated at this condition. The study demonstrated that at an HRT of 5 d and an organic loading rate (OLR) of 11.3 kg COD/(m³ d), the total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) and soluble COD (SCOD) removal efficiency can still be maintained at above 80%. The settleability of digested cassava stillage was improved significantly, and thus only a small amount of settled sludge needed to be discharged to maintain the sludge concentration in the reactor. Furthermore, the performance of ASBR operated at low and high sludge concentration (about 79.5 g/L without sludge discharged) was evaluated at an HRT of 5 d. The TCOD removal efficiency and SS in the effluent were 61% and 21.9 g/L respectively at high sludge concentration, while the values were 85.1% and 2.4 g/L at low sludge concentration. Therefore, low sludge concentration is recommended for ASBR treating cassava stillage at an HRT 5 d due to lower TCOD and SS in the effluent, which could facilitate post-treatment.     

构建优势菌群提高好氧污泥对制浆废水的处理效果

利用构建的优势降解菌群强化好氧颗粒污泥,提高制浆造纸废水的降解效果,在厌氧处理的基础上,原始好氧污泥处理后,废水COD由629 mg/L降至203mg/L,废水色度由118 C.U.降至91 C.U.;而强化好氧污泥处理后,废水COD由629mg/L降至146mg/L,废水色度由118 C.U降至72 C.U.。并研究了好氧处理阶段的微生物过程反应动力学以及制浆废水COD降解动力学,建立了该处理阶段废水COD降解的动力学模型。     

MECAR-BB处理制革综合废水的试验研究

试验用自行设计的多级多相外循环厌氧反应器—生态滤床(MECAR-BB)高效联合工艺处理模拟制革废水,经过60d的试验,其启动与运行结果表明:在水力停留时间为24h时,进水COD负荷由500mg/L提升到3746mg/L,COD去除率能够很好地维持在70%以上;硫化物去除率维持在80%以上,出水硫含量<7mg/L;氨氮去除率维持在80%以上,出水氨氮<15mg/L;出水pH稳定在6.5以上,碳酸氢盐碱度与挥发酸的比值大于2,达到预期处理效果。     

Demonstration of the Performance of an Inclined Anaerobic Digester in Wine Stillage and Pea Blancher Wastewater Treatment

Disposal of high strength wastes has been a problem in the fruit and vegetable processing industries. We have designed and tested an inclined continuous anaerobic digester for the rapid treatment of unmodified wine stillage (21,000–25,000 mg COD per liter) and waste water from a pea blancher (20,000 mg COD per liter). The digester was successfully operated for periods up to 9 months using feed rates as high as 10.7g COD per liter per day (hydraulic detention time of 2.4 days). COD removal efficiency ranged from 95.9% to 99.5%, and effluent suspended solids were less than 800 mg per liter.