应力对SnPb基复合钎料钎焊接头蠕变性能的影响

采用搭接面积为1mm^2的单搭接钎焊接头，研究了恒定温度下，应力对纳米颗粒增强的SnPb基复合钎料钎焊接头的蠕变寿命的影响。结果表明，纳米颗粒增强的SnPb基复合钎料的蠕变抗力优于传统SnPb钎料。同时钎焊接头的蠕变寿命随应力增加而降低，且应力对复合钎料钎焊接头蠕变寿命的影响较传统63Sn37Pb钎料明显。     

The influence of temperature on creep behavior of Cu particle enhanced SnPb based composite soldered joints

Creep property of solder alloys is one of the important factors to affect the reliability of soldered joints in SMT(surface mount technology). Particle-enhancement is a way to improve the properties of solder alloys and has caused much more attention than before. Temperatures applied to soldered joints are one of the primary factors of affecting creep properties of particle enhancement composite soldered joints. In this paper single shear lap creep specimens with a 1 mm2 cross-sectional area were fabricated using Cu particle enhancement 63Sn37Pb based composite soldered joints and 63Sn37Pb eutectic soldered joints to examine the influence of temperature on creep behavior of soldered joints. Results indicated that the creep resistance of soldered joints of Cu particle enhancement 63Sn37Pb based composite soldered joint was generally superior to that of the conventional 63Sn37Pb soldered joint. At the same time, creep rupture life of the composite soldered joint was declined with increasing temperature and drop faster than that of the conventional 63Sn37Pb eutectic soldered joint.     

63Sn37Pb钎焊接头稳态蠕变本构方程的建立

采用高温蠕变测试装置，以简化的Dorn公式为基础．对63Sn37Pb微型单搭接钎焊接头蠕变应变进行了测试．确定了应力指数、蠕变激活能以及相关常数。建立了63Snd7Pb钎焊接头稳态蠕变本构方程，描述了稳态蠕变速率与应力和温度相关性。结果表明，钎焊接头应力指数和激活能均低于钎料本身的应力指数和激活能．说明钎料本身蠕变行为并不能完全代表钎焊接头的蠕变行为。     

CuCGA器件焊点热疲劳行为数值模拟

基于蠕变模型构建 Sn3.9Ag0.6Cu 和 63Sn37Pb 钎料的本构方程,分析铜柱栅阵列封装(CuCGA)器件在不同温度循环载荷下焊点的应力-应变分布.结果表明,不论温度循环如何变化,距器件中心最远处焊点的等效蠕变值总是最大,且均有明显的应力集中现象,在热循环作用下,很容易在该焊点处最先产生裂纹,导致器件失效,是整个器件最脆弱的焊点.同样温度载荷下,Sn3.9Ag0.6Cu 焊点的应力应变总是小于 63Sn37Pb 焊点,而随着温度循环范围的减小,两种钎料的应力和蠕变值均有所降低.另外,预测发现同样温度循环载荷条件下 Sn3.9Ag0.6Cu 焊点具有较高的疲劳寿命.

Abstract：

The constitutive equation of Sn3. 9Ag0.6Cu and 63Sn37Pb were established based on creep law, and the stress-strain distribution of soldered joints in copper column grid array (CuCGA)devices was analyzed under the loadings of different temperature cycles. Results indicate that no matter how the change of temperature cycle range, the maximum creep strain is located in the soldered joint where the location from the device center is foremost, in which the stress concentration is found and cracks appear, therefore, the comer soldered joint is the most fragile area in the whole device.Creep strain of Sn3.9Ag0. 6Cu soldered joints is smaller than that of 63Sn37Pb soldered joints. Low er stress and creep strain are exhibited for both Sn3.9Ag0.6Cu and 63Sn37Pb when the temperature cycles range is shortened. Sn3.9Ag0.6Cu soldered joints show higher thermal fatigue life than 63Sn37Pb soldered joints under the same temperature cycle.     

片式电容Sn96.5/Ag3/Cu0.5焊点热疲劳性能比较

以0805封装片式电容器件焊点为研究对象,建立了多周期温度冲击下Sn96.5/Ag3/Cu0.5的焊点有限元分析模型,开展了多周期温度冲击条件下焊点剪切力测试工作,获得了Sn96.5/Ag3/Cu0.5和Sn63/Pb37两种焊点的周期-剪切力测试数据,并利用非线性最小二乘法得到了1 500个周期内的焊点热疲劳状态拟合曲线.结果表明,在规定试验条件下,在有限的1 500个周期内0805封装电容的Sn96.5/Ag3/Cu0.5焊点的热疲劳劣化速率略慢于Sn63/Pb37焊点.     

不同钎料对QFP焊点可靠性影响的有限元分析

采用有限元方法研究了不同钎料钎焊QFP器件焊点的可靠性.结果表明,焊点根部、焊趾部位以及引线和焊点交界处为应变集中区域.分析探讨了Sn3.8Ag0.7Cu,Sn9Zn,Sn63Pb37三种钎料的模拟结果,焊点的应变曲线图显示,Sn63Pb37钎料焊点的等效应变最大,Sn9Zn钎料居中,Sn3.8Ag0.7Cu焊点的等效应变最小,表明Sn3.8Ag0.7Cu替代Sn63Pb37作为微元器件组装的组装材料具有更好的焊点力学性能.通过分析QFP64和QFP208两种器件焊点应力曲线图可以看出,QFP208器件焊点的应力值小于QFP64器件焊点的应力值,从而具有更高的可靠性.     

62Sn36Pb2Ag钎料中Ag元素对AgCu/SnPbAg/CuBe焊缝性能的影响

分别采用62Sn36Pb2Ag钎料和63Sn37Pb共晶钎料焊接AgCu合金块和CuBe合金片进行试验,对比分析两种钎料形成的焊缝性能和显微组织结构,阐述了62Sn36Pb2Ag钎料中Ag元素的存在对AgCu/SnPbAg/CuBe焊缝性能的影响机制.结果表明,62Sn36Pb2Ag钎料中的Ag元素对于润湿铺展状态的改...     

半导体激光加热时间对焊膏在铜基板上润湿铺展性能的影响

采用半导体激光软钎焊系统对Sn63Pb37和Sn96Ag3.5Cu0.5焊膏在铜基板上的润湿铺展性能进行了试验,研究了不同激光加热时间对钎料润湿铺展性能的影响,采用扫描电镜分析了Sn63Pb37和Sn96Ag3.5Cu0.5钎缝的显微组织和钎缝界面区组织特征.结果表明,在一定的激光输出功率下,随着激光加热时间的增加,两种钎料的润湿性都得到提高.其中Sn-Pb钎料焊膏的加热时间达到1.5 s时,润湿面积和润湿角趋于稳定,而Sn-Ag-Cu钎料焊膏润湿性需要达到2.5 s时润湿面积和润湿角才趋于稳定.     

两种无铅钎料的抗蠕变性能与Sn60Pb40钎料的对比分析

对两种无铅钎料Sn-Ag-Cu-Bi和Sn-Ag-Sb模拟封装钎焊接头的蠕变和断裂行为进行了研究,并与传统的Sn60Pb40近共晶钎料进行了对比.结果表明,两种无铅钎料的抗蠕变能力均远优于Sn60Pb40近共晶钎料,其蠕变速率低且蠕变寿命长.钎焊接头蠕变断裂后的扫描电镜分析表明,两种无铅钎料钎焊接头的蠕变断裂呈现明显的沿晶断裂特征,而Sn60Pb40钎料钎焊接头的蠕变断裂机理则为穿晶断裂.     

半导体激光工艺参数对Sn-Ag-Cu钎料润湿性影响分析

采用半导体激光软钎焊系统对Sn96Ag3．5Cu0．5钎料和Sn63Ph37钎料进行了润湿性对比试验研究，分析了激光输出功率对钎料润湿性的影响规律。结果表明，提高半导体激光的输出功率，在一定范围内能显著改善Sn96Ag3．5Cu0．5钎料和Sn63Ph37钎料的润湿性。根据钎料的合金成分及钎料膏中钎剂成分的不同，优化半导体激光钎焊工艺参数，可以达到最佳的钎焊效果。     

电子组装用无铅焊料发展现状

在电子组装早期用得最多的焊料主要是锡和铅两种元素,尤其是质量百分比为w(Sn)63%和w(Pb)37%的共晶铅锡合金为多数电子产品所采用.大量使用的Sn/Pb合金焊料正是造成污染的重要来源之一.在制造和使用Sn/Pb焊料的过程中,由于熔化温度较高,有大量的铅蒸气逸出,将严重影响操作人员的身体健康.同时焊接互联的常见热疲劳失效与富铅相有关,期望在设计锡基无铅焊料中不含有铅相,从而改善力学性能,强化焊料.介绍了无铅焊料的基本要求、无铅焊料的研究现状、无铅焊料面临的问题:指出无铅焊料及焊接可靠性仍是工业界和学术界研究的热点问题.     

SnCu钎焊接头稳态蠕变本构方程建立

以搭接面积为1 mm2微型单搭接钎焊接头为研究对象,采用新型高温蠕变测试装置,测定了Sncu钎焊接头应力指数n和蠕变激活能Q,构建了稳态蠕变本构方程,探讨了蠕变变形机制.结果表明,在低温高应力下,SnCu共晶钎料钎焊接头应力指数为8.73,激活能在59.1～63.2 kJ/mol,位错攀移运动主要受位错管道扩散机制控制;在高温低应力区,Sncu共晶钎料钎焊接头应力指数为6.45,激活能在88.4～97.5 kJ/mol,位错攀移运动主要由晶格自扩散机制控制.     

底充胶叠层PBGA无铅焊点随机振动应力应变分析

建立了底充胶叠层塑料球栅阵列(plastic ball grid array, PBGA)无铅焊点三维有限元分析模型,研究了PBGA结构方式、焊点材料、底充胶弹性模量和密度对叠层无铅焊点随机振动应力应变的影响. 结果表明,底充胶可有效降低焊点内的随机振动应力应变;在其它条件相同下,对于Sn95.5Ag3.8Cu0.7,Sn96.5Ag3Cu0.5,Sn-3.5Ag和Sn63Pb37这四种焊料,采用Sn-3.5Ag的底充胶叠层焊点内的随机振动最大应力应变最小,采用Sn96.5Ag3Cu0.5的焊点内的最大应力应变最大;随着底充胶弹性模量的增大,叠层无铅内的随机振动应力应变值相应减小;随着底充胶密度的增大,叠层无铅内的随机振动应力应变值相应增大.     

Bi对Sn3.5Ag共晶合金钎料性能的影响

研究了添加Bi元素对Sn3.5Ag共晶合金钎料性能的影响,对Sn3.5AgxBi(x=0,3,5,7)钎料的熔点、力学性能和热蠕变性能与传统Sn37Pb钎料作了对比试验分析.结果表明:Sn3.5Ag5Bi钎料具有良好的综合性能,实用价值较高,Bi的添加量应控制在5%左右,过多的Bi元素会导致钎料的液固相线温度差增大,韧性下降.     

Creep behavior on Ag particle reinforced SnCu based composite solder joints

1 Introduction The EU had issued the WEEE mandate that aimed to prohibit the use of SnPb solders by 2006. Under the pressure of legislation and trade competitions, large electronic manufacturers and research institutes studied substitutes for SnPb solders…     

FCBGA器件SnAgCu焊点的热冲击可靠性分析

采用有限元法和Garofalo-Arrheninus稳态本构方程,在热冲击条件下对倒装芯片球栅阵列封装（FCBGA）器件SnAgCu焊点的可靠性进行分析. 结果表明,Sn3.9Ag0.6Cu焊点的可靠性相对较高. 通过分析SnAgCu焊点的力学本构行为,发现焊点应力的最大值出现在焊点与芯片接触的阵列拐角处. 随着时间的推移,SnAgCu焊点的应力呈周期性变化. Sn3.9Ag0.6Cu的焊点应力和蠕变最小,Sn3.8Ag0.7Cu焊点应力和蠕变次之,Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu焊点应力和蠕变最大,与实际的FCBGA器件试验结果一致. 基于蠕变应变疲劳寿命预测方程预测三种SnAgCu焊点的疲劳寿命,发现Sn3.9Ag0.6Cu焊点的疲劳寿命比Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu和Sn3.8Ag0.7Cu焊点的疲劳寿命高.     

纳米Ag颗粒增强复合钎料蠕变性能的研究

制备纳米Ag颗粒增强的Sn-Cu基复合钎料.研究不同温度载荷下复合钎料钎焊接头的蠕变断裂寿命,并与Sn-0.7Cu基体钎料钎焊接头进行对比.此外,确定纳米Ag颗粒增强的Sn-Cu基复合钎料钎焊接头在不同温度和应力水平下的应力指数和蠕变激活能,建立复合钎料钎焊接头的稳态蠕变本构方程.结果表明,在不同的温度和应力下,与Sn-0.7Cu钎料钎焊接头相比,纳米Ag颗粒增强的Sn-Cu基复合钎料钎焊接头的蠕变断裂寿命均有所提高,且具有更高的蠕变激活能,说明复合钎料钎焊接头具有更优的抗蠕变性能.     

锡铅稀土钎料合金的高温蠕变性能

本文对比分析了Ｓｎ６０Ｐｂ４０和Ｓｎ－Ｐｂ－０．０５ＲＥ两种钎料合金在多轴应力状态下蠕的裂规律,初步探讨了主控两种钎料合金蠕变断裂的力学因素,并从金属学角度初步探讨了两种钎料合金的蠕变断裂方式,着重分析了混合稀土对锡铅钎料合金蠕变性能的影响。     

无铅焊点及其内部金属间化合物的力学性能研究

采用纳米压痕技术对无铅焊点(Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu、Sn0.7Cu和Sn3.5Ag)及其内部界面金属间化合物(intermetallic compound,IMC)的力学性能进行测试。根据实际工业工艺流程制备无铅焊点试样;利用接触刚度连续测量(CSM)技术对焊点及内部IMC层进行测试,得到IMC层及无铅焊点的弹性模量、硬度等力学性能参数,并根据载荷-位移曲线的保载阶段确定蠕变应力指数。结果表明,Sn0.7Cu的IMC层的弹性模量和蠕变应力指数为无铅焊点的2.03和6.73倍;对无铅焊点的可靠性评估中,将IMC层的影响考虑进去使得结果更为合理。     

Thermodynamic analysis of influence of Pb contamination on Pb-free solder joints reliability

Because the infrastructure for electronic component manufacturing is not ready for Pb-free processing, Pb contamination of Pb-free solder joints cannot be avoided in the near future. In this work thermodynamically calculated phase diagrams are used to analyze the formation of microstructure in the Pb-contaminated Sn–Ag, Sn–Ag–Cu, and Sn–Bi solder joints. Non-equilibrium effect of solidification on the formation of microstructure is considered. Due to high cooling rate, the Pb-contaminated solder joint is prone to the formation of non-equilibrium eutectic structure. The influence of this structure on solder joint reliability is discussed.