成熟度对花生种子发芽及活力影响差异性的初步分析

本文以8130花生品种做材料,研究了不同成熟度花生种子的发芽、活力情况及差异性。结果表明,不同成熟度的花生种子的发芽率、活力差异极大,成熟度高的种子发芽迅速整齐,种子活力强：成熟度越低的种子发芽率和幼苗干重明显降低,种子活力低。     

热风干燥温度对南瓜子种子活力的影响

目的探究热风干燥对南瓜子活力的影响,得到可推广的南瓜热风干燥温度参数,为种子干燥加工提供参考。方法选用新鲜南瓜种子作为实验材料,设置自然阴干,以及30,35,40,45,50,55,60℃等8种不同干燥温度(±1℃),在4℃下保存30 d后测定其发芽率和发芽势,用丙二醛含量和超氧化物歧化酶活性以及幼苗的发育状况等指标表征南瓜子活力。结果最终确定适合南瓜子的干燥温度为55℃,此条件下南瓜种子的发芽率最高,为71%,发芽势为28%,丙二醛含量和超氧化物歧化酶活性均最低,种苗和根系发育的综合指数较高。结论55℃热风干燥温度可以较好地保留南瓜子活力,该温度下南瓜子老化损伤在研究范围内最小。     

芽床种类对花生种子发芽试验结果影响的初步研究

以8130花生品种为材料,研究纸床和砂床对花生种子的发芽、活力影响情况及差异性。结果表明,不同发芽床测得的花生种子的发芽率、活力有差异,砂床测得的结果要明显高于纸床;同时,在砂床中种子的不同放置方式、纸床中纸间和纸上法之间,试验结果也有区别。因此,即使对于同一品种,不同发芽方法之间的结果也要客观分析比较。     

拉巴豆种子硬实率、发芽率、发芽势的测定

在实验室的条件下采用吸胀法对拉巴豆种子进行硬实率的测定,采用纸上(TP)发芽法进行发芽率的测定,结果表明拉巴豆种子的硬实率极低,拉巴豆种子的发芽率为81%、发芽势为65%,生存力比较强。     

纳米产品对玉米生长发育的影响

在砂培和盆栽试验中用几种不同的纳米技术产品浸种和处理水浇灌,研究了其对玉米发芽和生长发育的影响。结果表明,纳米材料可提高玉米种子的吸水能力（种子吸水量较对照提高0．92％～2．33％）;提高种子发芽势和发芽率,降低霉变率;增加植株生物量、根系量、根长和根表面积;促进玉米对NPK,特别是P的吸收,植株P的含量和NPK的吸收量明显提高。用纳米材料浸种同时用处理水灌溉的效果优于只浸种的,说明处理水对玉米的生长有促进作用。     

种子包衣壳聚糖膜性能的研究

探讨了不同酸溶液（柠檬酸、乳酸、盐酸和硝酸）壳聚糖制成的包衣膜对氧气及二氧化碳的透过性能和对油菜种子发芽的影响。研究表明，温度和压力对不同壳聚糖包衣膜的气体透过系数有明显影响；不同酸溶液／壳聚糖制成的包衣膜对气体透过分离性能有明显差别，因而直接影响到种子的发芽率与幼苗生长等各项生理与生化指标；无机酸溶液（盐酸和硝酸）／壳聚糖制成的包衣膜更利于种子发芽。     

基于野生马蹄金种子萌发的研究

本试验以不同药剂(次氯酸钠、硝酸钾、赤霉素)处理4份西南野生马蹄金种子,研究不同药剂对野生马蹄金发芽率和发芽势的影响,筛选适宜野生马蹄金种子萌发的最佳药剂及其浓度,为进一步开发利用野生马蹄金资源提供理论基础。     

纳米器件不同处理方式对小白菜生长和品质的影响

用纳米器件处理小白菜的种子,或在小白菜生长过程中浇灌用纳米器件处理过的水,研究纳米器件不同处理方式对小白菜生长、品质的影响,试验结果表明,用纳米器件处理能提高小白菜的产量和品质,其中T2处理（将种子与纳米器件同时浸3h）效果最好。     

麻栎种子不同处理方法的效果初探

麻栎种子采收后要及时进行灭虫处理，否则将会严重影响种子质量，给育苗带来不良后果，影响人工更新的正常进行。通过不『司处理方法，可以提高麻栎种子的发芽率和生活力，经测定，以水浸法和药剂法处理的种子，发芽率和优良度均在80％以上，生活力在75％以上左右，而未经处理的种子，发芽率为30％，生活力和优良度在40％左右。     

试述提高晚稻种子发芽率的技术措施

水稻是一种重要的经济农作物和粮食作物，在我国农业经济发展中起着举足轻重的作用。然而水稻种子的发芽率又直接决定着种子质量，影响着水稻的产量，基于此，本文以《试述提高晚稻种子发芽率的技术措施》为题，进行了以下几方面的分析与探讨。     

Influence of distillery effluent on germination and growth of mung bean (Vigna radiata) seeds

Distillery effluent or spent wash discharged as waste water contains various toxic chemicals that can contaminate water and soil and may affect the common crops if used for agricultural irrigation. Toxic nature of distillery effluent is due to the presence of high amounts of organic and inorganic chemical loads and its high-acidic pH. Experimental effects of untreated (Raw) distillery effluent, discharged from a distillery unit (based on fermentation of alcohol from sugarcane molasses), and the post-treatment effluent from the outlet of conventional anaerobic treatment plant (Treated effluent) of the distillery unit were studied in mung bean (Vigna radiata, L.R. Wilczek). Mung bean is a commonly used legume crop in India and its neighboring countries. Mung bean seeds were presoaked for 6h and 30 h, respectively, in different concentrations (5-20%, v/v) of each effluent and germination, growth characters, and seedling membrane enzymes and constituents were investigated. Results revealed that the leaching of carbohydrates and proteins (solute efflux) were much higher in case of untreated effluent and were also dependent to the presoaking time. Other germination characters including percentage of germination, speed of germination index, vigor index and length of root and embryonic axis revealed significant concentration-dependent decline in untreated effluent. Evaluation of seedlings membrane transport enzymes and structural constituents (hexose, sialic acid and phospholipids) following 6 h presoaking of seeds revealed concentration-dependent decline, which were much less in treated effluent as compared to the untreated effluent. Treated effluent up to 10% (v/v) concentration reflected low-observed adverse effect levels.     

基于TDLAS的批量种子活力检测装置设计

针对我国缺乏对批量种子活力检测装置的研究,以及传统检测方法可能会对种子样品造成不可逆损伤的问题,提出了一种通过可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱（tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy,TDLAS）技术检测种子呼吸强度来判定其活力等级的无损检测方法,并设计了相应的检测装置,以实现对种子活力的批量检测。首先,从整体上设计了批量种子活力检测装置的结构,确定了上料—检测—分选—复位的工艺流程和要求。然后,对该检测装置的关键部件——种子盒进行了结构设计,同时对其内部光路进行了理论设计,并结合Zemax光学设计软件对内部光路进行了仿真分析。接着,对该检测装置控制系统的软、硬件进行了设计。最后,搭建了检测装置样机,并开展了上料、检测和分选试验。试验结果表明,所设计的批量种子活力检测装置样机的稳定性较好,其综合成功率达96.67%。研究结果可为批量种子活力检测装置的商品化和市场化提供参考。     

Metal-binding particles alleviate lead and zinc toxicity during seed germination of metallophyte grass Astrebla lappacea

Combining metal-binding particles and metal-tolerant plants (metallophytes) offers a promising new approach for rehabilitation of heavy metal contaminated sites. Three types of hydrogel metal-binding polymer particles were synthesized and their effects on metal concentrations tested in vitro using metal ion solutions. The most effective of the tested polymers was a micron-sized thiol functional cross-linked acrylamide polymer which reduced the available solution concentrations of Pb(2+) (9.65 mM), Cu(2+) (4mM) and Zn(2+) (10mM) by 86.5%, 75.5% and 63.8%, respectively, and was able to store water up to 608% of its dry mass. This polymer was not toxic to seed germination. In deionised water, it enhanced seed germination, and at otherwise phytotoxic Pb(2+) (9.65 mM) and Zn(2+) (10mM) concentrations, it allowed normal germination and root elongation of the metallophyte grass Astrebla lappacea. We conclude that the polymer has the potential to facilitate restoration of heavy metal contaminated lands by reducing the concentration of metal cations in the soil solution and improving germination rates through reduced toxicity and enhanced plant water relations.     

Single and joint toxicity of cypermethrin and copper on Chinese cabbage (Pakchoi) seeds

The single and joint effects of Cu(2+) and cypermethrin (CPM) on the seed germination and the elongation of root and shoot of Pakchoi were investigated. The results showed that in solution low concentrations of Cu(2+) could accelerate the germination rate of Pakchoi, whereas high concentrations of Cu(2+) could inhibit it. CPM could strongly inhibit the germination of Pakchoi in solution. However, in the joint toxicity effect, CPM reduced the phytotoxicity of Cu(2+) on the germination of Pakchoi seeds under solution conditions. In the single-factor experiments and joint effect tests of CPM and copper on the seedling growth, it was found that there were significant liner relationships between concentrations of pollutants and root elongation (P<0.05). Copper and CPM had synergic effects on root elongation of Pakchoi in solution cultivation test. However, in soil culture test, these synergistic effects were not significant (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the joint toxicity was more dependent on the effect of copper than that of CPM. The toxicity of the pollutants to seed germination, shoot and root elongation is in the following sequence: root elongation>shoot elongation>germination rate.     

Seed germination of a newly discovered hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum L. affected by illumination and seed-soaking reagent

Solanum nigrum is a newly found Cd-hyperaccumulator which showed very high remediation efficiency in polluted soil. Seed germination experiments with different illumination and seed-soaking reagents were conducted in constant temperature box and greenhouse with soil as burgeon base. The results showed that the germination rate with alternating light/dark photoperiod was about twice of that without lighting (p < 0.05), suggesting that illumination is one of the important conditions for seed germination of S. nigrum. All treatments with seed-soaking reagents significantly increased the seed germination rate of S. nigrum (p < 0.05). Treatment with H₂O₂ (0.1%) had the shortest germination time. The germination rate of seeds that were not washed in water following soaking was 2–3 times higher than that of seeds that were washed after soaking.     

Superparamagnetic hematite nanoparticle: Cytogenetic impact on onion roots and seed germination response of major crop plants

Augmented escape of nanostructures to the ecosystem has necessitated the comprehensive study of their impact, especially on plants. In the current study, hematite nanoparticles were prepared by employing garlic extract and checked for their cytogenetic effect on onion roots and germination characteristics of five agricultural crops (Vigna radiata, Triticum aestivum, Trigonella foenum‐graecum, Cicer arietinum and Vicia faba) in the concentration range of 20–100 mg/L. Onion roots exhibited an increased mitotic index till 60 mg/L dosage, beyond which trend decreased marginally. Percentage of aberrant chromosomes reported for 100 mg/L exposure was very low (3.358 ± 0.13%) and included common defects such as clumped/sticky metaphase, ring chromosomes, laggards, spindle abnormality, chromosome bridges etc. Moreover, comet assay, DNA laddering experiment and electron micrograph study confirmed negligible damage to onion roots. Seed germination study indicated a positive response in different agronomic traits (germination index, root length, fold change in weight and vigour index) up to 60 mg/L, beyond which either negative or neutral effect was observed. However, none of the samples showed 50% inhibition in germination index; highest being 33.33% inhibition for V. faba, compared to the control. In brief, biogenic hematite nanoparticles caused insignificant phytotoxicity and were likely assimilated as iron source at lower dosage.Inspec keywords: cellular biophysics, agriculture, iron, cellular effects of radiation, crops, biological effects of gamma‐rays, soil pollution, agricultural engineering, DNA, superparamagnetism, nanoparticles, toxicology, food products, biotechnologyOther keywords: mitotic index, aberrant chromosomes, ring chromosomes, chromosome bridges, electron micrograph study, seed germination study, germination index, root length, biogenic hematite nanoparticles, superparamagnetic hematite nanoparticle, Cytogenetic impact, seed germination response, crop plants, cytogenetic effect, germination characteristics, agricultural crops, trigonella foenum‐graecum     

Characterization of Aged Lettuce and Chard Seeds by Photothermal Techniques

In this study, photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) was used as an option to evaluate aging in vegetable seeds. Aged seeds were characterized by their decrease in germination and vigor, which are important quality measures to obtain healthy and uniform crops. The seed optical parameters obtained with this technique provide information about their composition and physiological quality attributes. Red lettuce and chard seeds, aged and non-aged, were used for these experiments. The thermal diffusivity (α) and optical absorption coefficient (β) were determined for a large number of aged and non-aged seeds. In the case of β, this optical parameter was obtained in the spectral range from 250 nm to 750 nm. The results show statistically significant differences in β values for both types of seeds, with higher values found for non-aged specimens. Also images of scanning electron microscopy for aged and non-aged seeds corroborate marked differences between them. This PAS approach represents a promising method to be applied in the evaluation of seed quality in the food industry.     

Self-assembly of single-walled carbon nanotubes into multiwalled carbon nanotubes in water: molecular dynamics simulations

We report discoveries from a series of molecular dynamics simulations that single-walled carbon nanotubes, with different diameters, lengths, and chiralities, can coaxially self-assemble into multiwalled carbon nanotubes in water via spontaneous insertion of smaller tubes into larger ones. The assembly process is tube-size-dependent, and the driving force is primarily the intertube van der Waals interactions. The simulations also suggest that a multiwalled carbon nanotube may be separated into single-walled carbon nanotubes under appropriate solvent conditions. This study suggests possible bottom-up self-assembly routes for the fabrication of novel nanodevices and systems.     

Olive pulp and its effluents suitability for soil amendment

Olive pulp (OP) and its effluents produced after digestion processes were characterised and their suitability as soil amendment materials were investigated. Results showed that OP and its effluent for hydrogen (EH2) and methane production (ECH4) contain high amount of organic matter, remarkable concentration of nutrients and negligible content of heavy metals. Decreasing concentrations of low molecular weight phenols (monomeric phenols) and increasing amount of humic-like materials were found passing from OP to EH2 and ECH4. The effects on both wheat seed germination and seedlings growth were also investigated. Addition of OP at the highest doses delayed both seed germination and seedling growth. These effects decreased when the OP and its effluents were incorporated into the soil. On the contrary an enhancement of seedlings growth was detected by addition of EH2 and ECH4. Enhancement effects also were found out by addition of lower OP concentrations. The phytotoxic effects decreased when the products were incorporated into the soil.