基于PIC16F873汽车巡航控制系统的实验与仿真分析

针对节省燃油和提高汽车行驶舒适性的需要,提出了一种基于PIC单片机的汽车巡航控制系统设计方案,建立了巡航控制系统数学模型,采用了模糊自整定PID控制算法,对转速、节气门进行双闭环控制．实验与仿真结果表明,所提出设计方案能实现车速的自动控制,减少不必要的车速变化,减轻驾驶员因长途驾驶而产生的疲劳,从而减少或避免交通事故发生．     

基于模糊PID控制汽车巡航系统的研究

为了研究汽车巡航控制系统,基于巡航控制的原理,提出了一种以PIC16F873为主控单元,以模糊PID作为控制算法,对车速进行控制的方案,介绍了汽车巡航控制系统的原理、此系统的硬件设计框图和软件流程图及模糊PID控制器的具体设计,实验表明,此系统对车速的控制准确、可靠,能够达到期望的控制结果.     

基于模糊逻辑的SHEV控制策略设计与仿真

针对一辆串联式混合动力电动汽车设计了一种基于模糊逻辑的控制策略,根据蓄电池组荷电状态(SOC)及车辆需求功率的变化实时调整发动机输出功率,以实现恒SOC控制,同时兼顾发动机燃油消耗及排放.给出了模糊控制器的结构,建立了车辆前向仿真模型,进行了离线仿真及硬件在环仿真.仿真结果表明,模糊控制策略能够较好将蓄电池组SOC维持在期望值0.7附近,且发动机可以稳定地工作在其高效率区以获得较低的燃油消耗及排放.     

汽车主动悬架系统的神经网络控制算法

通过对汽车主动悬架建立再生神经网络模型,提出了一种神经模糊适应性控制算法,该算法在多层神经网络的基础上,借助一套模糊规则,调节模糊神经控制器参数,通过神经网络建模确定了汽车主动悬架的动态参数,并向神经模糊适应性控制器提供学习信号．对一辆装有磁流变液减振器及基于DSP微处理器模糊神经控制系统的微车,在各种速度与路面条件下进行试验,将控制效果与开环被动悬架系统的进行了比较,结果表明,神经控制算法在减小微车振动方面表现出了良好的性能．     

汽车自动巡航控制系统控制策略与仿真

提出一种基于PID控制器实现定速模式、模糊控制器实现跟车模式的自动巡航控制策略。该控制方法使用不同的控制器控制两种巡航模式,保留了两种控制器的优点,又避免了单一控制系统控制品质的下降,并利用Matlab/Simulink软件建立汽车纵向动力学、发动机和控制器模型。仿真结果表明所设计的控制系统具有可行性和有效性。     

并联混合动力汽车模糊控制能量管理策略研究

针对一款并联混合动力汽车,以提高整车燃油性和改善尾气排放为控制目标进行了能量管理策略研究。将混合动力系统整车需求转矩与当前转速下的发动机最优转矩差值（ΔT）、电池组荷电状态（SOC）作为模糊转矩控制器输入,发动机输出转矩作为控制器输出,设计了25条控制规则,基于ADVISOR仿真验证该策略的有效性和可行性。仿真研究表明,提出的能量管理策略提高了发动机工作效率,减少了燃油消耗和尾气排放,并能维持电池组的SOC在合理的范围内波动。     

汽车自适应巡航跟车多目标鲁棒控制算法设计

为满足自适应巡航系统跟车模式下的舒适性需求并且兼顾车辆安全性,基于模型预测控制原理提出一种多目标鲁棒跟车控制算法.建立考虑前车加速度干扰的自适应巡航系统车间纵向运动学模型,该模型可全面反映系统的动态演化规律,提高模型的精度和可靠性;针对自适应巡航系统需求进行目标分析,设计一种考虑舒适性和安全性的多目标模型预测控制算法;针对模型预测控制算法鲁棒性较差的问题,引入修正项反馈,提高控制系统鲁棒性,采用向量约束管理法解决模型预测控制算法硬约束造成的控制系统无优化解问题.仿真结果表明:该算法使跟车时车辆加速度及冲击度保持在舒适性范围,同时车间距始终大于最小安全距离,兼顾了舒适性和安全性要求,实现了自适应巡航控制系统跟车目的.     

基于Simulink的巡航系统PID控制方法研究

随着汽车工业的飞速发展和高速公路数量的快速增长,人们对汽车驾驶的安全性和舒适性的要求不断提高,因而,对汽车巡航系统控制方法的研究也越来越受到人们的重视.首先建立汽车纵向运动的数学模型,然后基于Matlab的Simulink工具箱,分别应用常规PID控制和模糊PID控制对所建模型进行仿真研究,比较两种不同控制方法的优缺点.仿真结果表明:在模糊PID控制方案下系统响应速度更快,控制效果更理想.所得结论为巡航系统控制方法的选取提供了参考依据.     

车辆单位的燃油节约途径

主要从汽车技术状况、使用因素、保养维修、以及油料管理控制等方面,粗浅的谈了对汽车燃油消耗的影响以及车辆单位的燃油节约途径.     

混合动力系统加速工况能量流控制策略

加速工况是车辆运行的非稳定工况,传统车辆在该工况下是为了保证足够的动力性而消耗大量燃油.通过对混合动力汽车加速工况的试验测试,研究混合动力系统能量流控制策略,分析混合动力汽车在加速工况下如何保障足够动力性而又能有效控制燃油消耗,达到既有足够动力又有效控制燃油消耗的目的.结果表明：混合动力汽车加速工况下发动机仍然能保持一个相对稳定的工作状态,而又不失动力性,很好地节约燃油,减少排放.     

An optimal energy management development for various configuration of plug-in and hybrid electric vehicle

Due to soaring fuel prices and environmental concerns, hybrid electric vehicle(HEV) technology attracts more attentions in last decade. Energy management system, configuration of HEV and traffic conditions are the main factors which affect HEV's fuel consumption, emission and performance. Therefore, optimal management of the energy components is a key element for the success of a HEV. An optimal energy management system is developed for HEV based on genetic algorithm. Then, different powertrain system component combinations effects are investigated in various driving cycles. HEV simulation results are compared for default rule-based, fuzzy and GA-fuzzy controllers by using ADVISOR. The results indicate the effectiveness of proposed optimal controller over real world driving cycles. Also, an optimal powertrain configuration to improve fuel consumption and emission efficiency is proposed for each driving condition. Finally, the effects of batteries in initial state of charge and hybridization factor are investigated on HEV performance to evaluate fuel consumption and emissions. Fuel consumption average reduction of about 14% is obtained for optimal configuration data in contrast to default configuration. Also results indicate that proposed controller has reduced emission of about 10% in various traffic conditions.     

Research on Directly Adaptive Fuzzy Algorithm Based ACC Controller

A directly adaptive fuzzy algorithm is applied in vehicle adaptive cruise control system. The basic principle of the adaptive fuzzy algorithm is analyzed. The initial value of the fuzzy based vector is given by the traditional fuzzy membership. Adaptive law of the adjustable parameters θ is also determined. The directly adaptive fuzzy ACC controller is designed based on Matlab fuzzy toolbox. Matlab-Simulink is adopted to test the function of the adaptive fuzzy ACC controller. The control system is established using a 7 DOF vehicle dynamics model. Simulation results indicate that the principle of the method is correct and it performs well both in cruise and distance keeping.     

Fuzzy energy management strategy for parallel HEV based on pigeon-inspired optimization algorithm

Improvements in fuel consumption and emissions of hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) heavily depend upon an efficient energy management strategy (EMS). This paper presents an optimizing fuzzy control strategy of parallel hybrid electric vehicle employing a quantum chaotic pigeon-inspired optimization (QCPIO) algorithm. In this approach, the torque of the engine and the motor is assigned by a fuzzy torque distribution controller which is based on the battery state of charge (SoC) and the required torque of the hybrid powertrain. The rules and membership functions of the fuzzy torque distribution controller are optimized simultaneously through the use of QCPIO algorithm. The simulation ground on ADVISOR demonstrates that this EMS improves fuel economy more effectually than original fuzzy and PSO_Fuzzy EMS.     

混合动力汽车经济型巡航的车速规划策略

选取功率分流式混合动力汽车为对象,以燃油消耗最小为目标开展巡航场景下的经济车速规划研究. 结合车辆动能管理与等效燃油最小化策略（ECMS）,提出增强型等效燃油最小化策略（R-ECMS）. 运用极小值原理推导油电等效系数,建立动能与电能间的等效关系;结合电能与燃油之间的等效关系,将车辆动能变化和电能消耗统一转化成燃油消耗. 为了兼顾电池SOC平衡以及车辆通行速度,采取非支配排序遗传算法优化R-ECMS权重系数中的参数. 仿真结果表明,与传统能量管理策略ECMS相比,R-ECMS可以降低8.06%的燃油消耗. 与采用最优算法的动态规划策略相比,R-ECMS能在实现次优的优化效果的同时大幅降低计算时间. 同时,与ECMS相比,R-ECMS在其他仿真场景下能实现6.94%的节油率,具有较好的泛化性能和应用前景.     

汽油品质对车辆尾气排放影响的试验研究

车辆排放标准的日益严格使油品对车辆排放的影响更加重要。通过5辆车组成的车队在各种指标不同的8种燃油上进行尾气排放试验。研究了汽油中硫含量和烯烃体积含量的变化对汽车尾气排放的影响。运用严格的统计方法对试验结果进行分析，结果表明在综合工况下，汽油中硫的质量含量的降低可以明显地降低车辆尾气的各种污染物排放；烯烃体积含量的降低对排放也有明显影响。     

Investigation and Simulation of CNG Bus Emissions Based on Real-World Emission Measurement

The regulated gaseous emissions from 2 China-V compressed natural gas (CNG) buses and 2 China-V diesel buses were investigated using a portable emissions measurement system (PEMS) under real road driving conditions. Compared to diesel buses, CNG buses emit less NOx pollutants, but more HC and CO pollutants based on the test results obtained in this paper. In order to evaluate the pollutant emission status of CNG buses in Beijing, an instantaneous emission model as a function of vehicle speed and vehicle specific power (VSP) was developed and validated based on emission data taken from one CNG bus. The input of the instantaneous emission model consists of driving cycle, vehicle parameters, road conditions, ambient conditions and accessory use, all of which were used to calculate the instantaneous vehicle specific power (VSP). For the core model, a group of pollutant emission maps represented as functions of vehicle speed and VSP were used to calculate the second by second emission rates. Finally, the instantaneous emission rates, emission factors and fuel consumption over the selected driving cycle could be obtained as the model outputs. The predicted results for the emissions and fuel consumption of the CNG bus were very close to the tested emission data. The prediction errors for emission factors and fuel consumption varied in the range of -1.62% to -5.8%.     

基于LEAP模型的京津冀地区道路交通节能减排情景预测

为了解决道路交通带来的能源消耗、温室气体及大气污染物排放问题,采用情景分析法,以京津冀地区为例,应用长期能源替代规划系统(LEAP)模型构建了京津冀地区道路交通部门的能源与环境排放模型,对不同情景下2015—2030年的能源消耗、CO_2及污染物的排放情况进行了预测分析.结果表明:京津冀地区各政策情景中,提高燃油经济性情景的节能效果明显,节能率为22.4%.高排放车的淘汰短期节能效果最佳,节能率为19.1%,但长期效果不明显.北京市新能源汽车推广情景的CO_2、NOx长期减排效果最佳,天津市、河北省提高燃料经济性情景的CO_2、CO、NOx、PM2.5减排效果最好.相对于基准情景,2030年综合情景下京津冀地区的节能率为37.1%,CO_2减排率可达到36.8%,其中对污染物CO、HC的减排效果最佳,减排率为45.7%、43.8%.     

车载质量排放率测试系统开发与试验研究

为了准确地测量交通流中单车污染物排放量,分析机动车在实时交通流的排放特征及影响因素,评价机动车排放及确定减排措施,开发了一种可以测量实际道路机动车瞬时质量排放率的车载排放测试系统。系统由发动机的燃油消耗量、尾气排放参数(HC,CO,NOX,CO2)、过剩空气系数等参数和被测车辆录入电脑的相关信息融合计算,得到瞬态的质量排放率。试验结果表明,仪器具有较高的精度。