加剂方式对烧结钕铁硼磁体磁性能的影响

钕铁硼永磁材料在民用、航空航天等众多领域得到广泛的应用.高档次烧结钕铁硼磁体具有良好的市场前景.商业磁体多是由大块烧结毛坯切割而成,磁性能一致性是市场的基本要求之一,润滑剂等化学试剂和磁粉混合不均匀是影响一致性的一个重要因素.钕铁硼磁粉化学性质活泼、容易氧化,制粉的全过程都在氮气气氛下进行,没有合适的设备,想均匀加入化...     

成形压力对烧结Nd-Fe-B磁体微观组织与磁性能的影响

在于法制备烧结钕铁硼生产线上,研究了11.54 MPa和9.23 MPa两种成形压力对Φ9.5mm烧结钕铁硼磁体(/%:31.00Pr+Nd、1.20B、0.20Al、余Fe)微观组织与磁性能的影响。结果表明,成形压力增大可以改善晶粒分布的不均匀性,提高取向度,从而提高剩磁与磁能积;但成形压力增大易使晶粒尺寸增大,从而使矫顽力降低。     

Homogeneity of Hcj in Sintered Bulk Nd-Fe-B Magnets

High performance magnets not only have high magnetic properties, but also have good homogeneity. The homogeneous of Nd14.2DyxAl0.8Cu0.1B6.2Febal. bulk magnets was studied. The sizes of the samples produced by conventional sintering process were 53×50.5×25.3/40.2/50.4/61.0 mm. The magnetic character and microstructure of the samples were determined by NIM-10000H hysteresigraph, optical metaloscope, and SEM respectively. The results show that the Hcj reduces with increasing C content at the same process parameters. And the Hcj shows dependence not only on the ageing processing but also on the size of the bulk and loading capacity etc. The Hcj increases with prolonging ageing time and the ageing time should be different with different size of the bulk. With the increase of the loading capacity, the Hcj reduces promptly and is very inhomogeneous. The microstructure of the samples shows that the grain of the hard magnetic phase is finer and the neodymium-rich boundary is distributed homogeneously with prolonging ageing time. And so is the sample in a small amount of the bulks.     

晶界扩散Tb对烧结Nd-Fe-B组织与磁性能的影响

用磁控溅射法在烧结Nd-Fe-B磁体表面沉积Tb金属薄膜并进行晶界扩散处理,对比经不同热扩散温度及时间处理后的磁体组织和磁性能变化.结果 表明,925℃×10 h+500℃×2 h为最佳晶界扩散工艺,可将磁体矫顽力提高到1630.9 kA· m-1,较原始磁体提升50％,同时剩磁和磁能积无明显下降,磁体仍具有较高的退磁...     

The Effect of HDDR Process on Magnetic Properties in NdFeB Type of Bonded Magnets

The present paper describes the effect of alloy composition,homogenization anddehy-drogenization procedures on magnetic properties of NdFeB type of HDDR powders and the bondedmagnet.The results showed that the powders prepared by HDDR process possesses useful magnetic proper-ties and a better thermal stability than the sintered NdFeB magnet does.     

烧结钕铁硼镀镍防腐性能比较

采用不同浇铸工艺和破碎工艺制备三种烧结钕铁硼磁体,对三种磁体及其电镀镍后的防腐性能进行了比较.研究发现,三种磁体电镀镍后的防腐性能不仅与镍镀层厚度有关,同时也与基体本身耐蚀性能有关.经对比分析,采用速凝薄带配合氢气破碎工艺制备的镀镍磁体防腐性能最佳.     

Magnetic properties and microstructures of terbium coated and grain boundary diffusion treated sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets by magnetron sputtering

Tb coating on the surface of commercial sintered Nd-Fe-B magnet was prepared by DC magnetron sputtering.The secondary heat treatment was used to regulate the microstructure for the enhancement of coercivity,namely diffusion treatment and annealing treatment.The coercivity increases significantly from 18.3 to 28.0 kOe,the remanence decreases slightly from 14.1 to 14.0 kGs,and the comprehensive magnetic properties are higher than 75(Hcj+(BH)_max=76.7).SEM results indicate that,on the one hand,950℃is the optimal diffusion temperature.Lower diffusion temperature results in insufficient diffusion of Tb element.Higher diffusion temperature can lead to the main phase grain growth,the decrease of Nd-rich phase,and forming holes in the magnet.On the other hand,500℃is the optimal annealing temperature.Lower annealing temperature can result in the reduction of Nd-rich phase.Higher annealing temperature can generate the non-defined Nd-rich thin layer between grains.     

Magnetic Properties of Nd-Fe-B Sintered Magnet Powders Recovered by Yb Metal Vapor Sorption

Fine ground powders of Nd-Fe-B sintered magnet bulks(particle size=46～125 μm in diameter) were coated and alloyed with Yb metal by sorbing them. A significant recovery of the decreased magnetic properties of the ground powders(remanence Br=～0.95 T, coercivity Hcj =～227 kA·m-1 and maximum energy product(BH)max=～48.8 kJ·m-3) was observed in accordance with increasing temperature up to 800 ℃. The sorbing temperature and time for Yb metal vapor were optimized and after heating at 800 ℃ for 90 min and annealing subsequently at 610 ℃ for 60 min, the Br, Hcj and(BH)max values were increased to be 0.98 T, 712 kA·m-1 and 173 kJ·m-3, respectively. From the microstructural characterizations of resulting samples by using X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), and electron probe X-ray microanalyzer(EPMA), it is found that the sorbed Yb metal uniformly covers the surface and diffuses to the Nd-rich grain boundary of fine ground powders of Nd-Fe-B sintered magnet bulks forming a(Nd,Yb)Fe2 phase.     

Electrochemical Corrosion Behavior of Nd-Fe-B Sintered Magnets in Different Acid Solutions

Electrochemical corrosion behavior of Nd-Fe-B sintered magnets in nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphate acid and in oxalic acid was studied. Potentiodynamic polarization curves and immersion time dependence of corrosion rates of Nd-Fe-B sintered magnets in different acid solutions were tested. Microstructures of corroded Nd-Fe-B sintered magnets were investigated by means of SEM and AFM. The results indicate that in strong acid solutions of similar hydrogen ion concentration, the corrosion current increases in the order of HCl 〉 H3SO4 〉 HNO3 solution and Nd-Fe-B sintered magnets are passivated in phosphate acid and oxalic acid. Within 25 min, the corrosion rates of Nd-Fe-B sintered magnets in H2SO4 and H3PO4 solutions show a declining trend with immersion time, while in HNO3 and HCl solutions the corrosion rates are rising. And in H2C2O4 solution, weight of the magnets increases. The brim of Nd-Fe-B sintered magnets is corroded rather seriously and the size of the magnets changed greatly in nitric acid. The surfaces of the corroded magnets in the above mentioned acid solutions are all coarse.     

HDD法粘结NdFeB磁体的磁性能

研究了NdFeB合金成分、均匀化处理和HDD处理脱氢过程对磁性粉末及粘结磁体磁性能的影响。实验表明,HDD法制备的NdFeB粉末具有较好的温度稳定性和时间稳定性。     

Nd-Fe-B磁体热等静压烧结的实验研究

研究了热等静压烧结对Nd-Fe-B磁体的致密度、显微组织及磁性能的影响.结果表明:与常压烧结磁体相比,热等静压烧结磁体的内部存在较多的孔洞,致密度、晶粒取向度及磁性都有所降低.用加热Ar气热膨胀而产生热等静压进行烧结的办法不适于制造高性能的烧结磁体.     

铸锭组织的不均匀性对烧结Nd-Fe-B磁体的制粉工艺及磁性能的影响

研究了Nd-Fe-B铸锭中显微组织的分布情况,观察到铸锭中Nd     

钆对烧结钕铁硼磁体磁性能和相结构的影响

通过电弧炉冶炼合金,采用球磨制粉,在磁场下取向成型,真空烧结和热处理制备了Nd17-xRxFe76.5B6.5磁体,研究了在钕铁硼永磁体中用稀土Gd部分地代替钕时对永磁体的磁性能随Gd含量的变化。实验结果表明:在一定的烧结及热处理工艺条件下,Nd17-xRxFe76.5B6.5磁体在Gd含量小于5%(原子分数)时,Gd对磁体的剩磁和内禀矫顽力影响相对较小,当Gd含量5%时,磁体磁性能急剧下降。显微成分分析表明,在合金铸态下,Gd可抑制合金的α-Fe相的析出;在磁体中,Gd进入主相是降低磁体矫顽力的主要原因。     

NdFeB系永磁体的矫顽力

根据TEM观察,建立了三元烧结NdFeB系永磁体的显微结构模型。运用微磁学理论对矫顽力模型作了计算,并讨论了Nd₂Fe₁₄B晶粒和NdFeB系永磁体的矫顽力。提出了烧结NdFeB系永磁体Nd₂Fe₁₄B晶粒的外延壳磁硬化理论和提高其矫顽力的途径。     

烧结钕铁硼磁体的开发与应用

本文介绍了烧结钕铁硼 ( Nd- Fe- B)磁体的开发现状 ,并概述了国内外生产与市场应用。     

快冷厚带-氢破碎-磁场成型工艺制备高性能烧结钕铁硼磁体

对比分析了我国与西方国家生产烧结钕铁硼磁体工艺差距，指出了快冷厚带制备工艺是生产烧结钕铁硼磁体关键性工艺、核心技术。分别采用快冷厚带-氢破碎-磁场成型工艺和普通铸锭-氢破碎城场成型工艺制备同一成分的烧结钕铁硼磁体。结果表明：钕铁硼快冷厚带“柱状晶”穿透整个带厚、无等轴晶区、无α—Fe相、三相(主相Nd2Fel4B、富Nd相和富B相)分布均匀、耐腐蚀性能好；氢破碎后沿富Nd相均匀破碎，主相晶粒完整；气流磨后为2．8～3．2μm单晶粉末；快冷厚带可以明显提高磁体的各项性能。     

Grain Growth Behavior in Sintered Nd-Fe-B Magnets

The Nd2Fe14B grain growth behavior in sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets was quantitatively described.The effects of sintering temperature and time,and alloy powder size and its distribution on grain growth process were analyzed.Hence,possible grain growth mechanisms in these magnets were qualitatively discussed.The Nd2Fe14B grain growth proceeded at quite a high rate in the initial 0~1 h of sintering and from then onwards the grain growth rate decreased.A large average particle size or a wide particle size distribution of initial alloy powders was found to remarkably accelerate the grain growth process and even result in the occurrence of abnormal grain growth.On the basis of experimental results,two grain growth mechanisms were considered to operate during sintering of Nd-Fe-B magnets,that is,dissolution and re-precipitation of Nd2Fe14B particles,and Nd2Fe14B particle growth by coalescence.It was believed that Nd2Fe14B particle growth by coalescence not only produced a large average grain size and a wide grain size distribution,but also was the fundamental reason for the formation of abnormally large grains in the microstructure of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets.     

烧结钕铁硼磁性性能提升研究进展

烧结钕铁硼（Nd-Fe-B）系永磁材料,作为现今社会的主流永磁材料,因价格相对较低、应用范围广泛、磁性性能突出而被广泛应用。为满足现代科学向轻量化和小型化发展的目标,促进稀土资源综合平衡利用,企业不仅需要最大幅度降低制造成本,还要保证烧结钕铁硼磁体的各项磁性能符合社会需求。本文针对烧结钕铁硼成品的组成、各向异性、矫顽力和磁能积等磁性性能,结合现阶段主要采用晶界扩散、晶界掺杂和晶粒细化三大方式改善钕铁硼磁性性能的主流方式,通过对相关磁体磁性性能提升研究近况的分析,探索工业中提升烧结钕铁硼磁性材料磁性性能的可能性与研究方向。     

FeCuNbSiB粘结磁体的制备及磁性能研究

通过2种途径将熔体快淬法制得的FeCuNbSiB非晶薄带制成环状粘结磁体。一是将非晶薄带进行晶化处理,再将晶化后的薄带粉碎成不同粒度的粉末,然后与粘结剂相混合制成粘结磁体。二是将非晶薄带直接粉碎成不同粒度的粉末,再将此粉末进行晶化处理,将晶化后的磁粉与粘结剂相混合制成粘结磁体。分析了磁粉粒度和模压压力对粘结磁体性能的影响。并对两种粘结磁体的性能进行比较。结果表明,第一种方法制备的粘结磁体的性能优于第二种。     

添加Gd、Ho对烧结Nd-Fe-B磁体微结构与性能的影响

在Nd-Fe-B合金中添加Gd、Ho元素,可促进Nd2Fe14B柱状晶的生长,使富Nd相分布均匀,细化磁体的晶粒。添加Ho对磁体内禀矫顽力提高较好,添加Gd对磁体J-H退磁曲线的方形度提高较好,但磁体的剩磁与磁能积会降低。Gd、Ho的添加可以降低磁体的开路磁通不可逆损失,使得磁体具有较好的热稳定性。