应用TDC-GP21的户用超声波热量表设计

为解决户用超声波热量表对热量的高精度计量,在对户用超声波热量表流量测量方案及工作原理分析基础上,提出应用时间数字转换器TDC-GP21实现时间和温度的高精度、低功耗测量方案,并且完成了以MSP430低功耗单片机为核心的系统硬件、软件设计,实现了高精度、低功耗、低成本的户用超声波热量表设计。该方案所体现的设计思路不仅适用于户用超声波热量表,对其它大口径、大流量超声波热量表同样具有参考意义。     

嵌入式超声波热量表系统的研制

分析和研究了时差法超声波热量表的测量原理,设计了一种嵌入式超声波热量表系统.以低功耗的嵌入式微处理器MSP430做为核心控制模块,选用先进的时间数字转换芯片TDC-GP2保证了流量的测量精度,将嵌入式操作系统μC/OS-Ⅱ引入到软件系统的设计过程中.与传统的热量表相比,系统精度高,耗能低,稳定性、实时性和可扩展性都有很大的提高.     

一种高精度超声波热量表的研制

热计量收费是供热供暖行业一个亟待解决的问题,超声波热量表提供了一种可行的技术手段。介绍了一种基于时差法的高精度超声波热量表设计方案。根据理论分析,把计算热量的两个关键参数:流量和温度的测量转换成对时间的测量。选用低功耗单片机作为微控制器,利用高精度时间测量芯片TDC-GP21完成对时间的测量,实现了数据的采集、计算、显示和传输功能。为保证测量精度,设计了超声波换能器性能检测装置,提出了一种换能器测试原理,并对换能器和热量表的测试结果进行了分析。测试结果表明该超声波热量表运行稳定可靠,具有良好的应用前景。     

低功耗超声波热量表的设计与实现

该文设计了一种低功耗高精度的超声波热量表.热量表采用MSP430作为MCU,使用时间测量芯片TDC-GP21来测量超声波前向和后向传播时间,利用热敏电阻PT1000测量进水口和出水口处温度.文中从硬件设计入手,探讨了热量表的组成原理,并基于该硬件设计了热量计算软件.实际测试结果表明,该热量表具有较高的计量精度和良好的稳定性.     

基于TDC-GP22的超声波渡越时间测量方法研究

介绍了采用TDC-GP22用于超声波气体流量计信号接收和渡越时间(TOF)检测的实现方法。针对超声波信号接收电路,设计了带通滤波放大电路进行噪声抑制和放大处理,采用高速模数转换器(ADC)和数字电位器设计了增益控制电路,实现了对超声波接收信号的自动增益控制(AGC);针对超声波渡越时间检测,设计了阈值比较电路和高精度TDC-GP22时间检测电路。利用噪声阈值门限对TDC-GP22进行动态使能,避免了噪声引起的误检测。在音速喷嘴气体流量标准装置上进行了流量标定试验,试验结果证明了本测量系统具有良好的测量精度和测量稳定性。     

最新时间数字转换器TDC-GP22原理与应用经验

TDC-GP系列芯片是以时间数字转换器为核心的一种测量芯片。它可以精确地测量两个脉冲之间的时间间隔。该系类芯片同时具有温度测量功能,使之非常适合应用于超声波流量测量和热量测量领域。本文介绍了已进入市场的最新的TDC-GP芯片TDC-GP22的时间测量原理和其具有的最新改进,并总结了几点应用经验。     

基于时差法和TDC-GP2的超声波流量测量方法

时差法超声波流量计是通过测量超声波在流体中的顺逆流传播时间差值而计算出流量值的,故传播时间差值的高精度测量是流量测量系统的关键。为了提高时间测量的精度,文中选用了TDC-GP2高精度时间测量芯片。该文详细介绍了基于TDC-GP2芯片的时差法超声波流量测量原理以及相应硬件测量电路的具体实现方法。经实验验证,用本方法测量流量其测量精度和分辨率均较高,有望推广应用。     

基于CTMU技术的超声波热量表设计

现有超声波热量表方案大都采用专用集成芯片测量流量和温度,然后通过单片机计算得到热量.该方案使用简单方便,但是成本高.该设计以低功耗单片机PIC24FJ128GA310为主要控制器,流量采用时差法原理进行测量,使用CTMU模块完成时间差的精确测量;温度测量采用Signa-delta A/D方法.文中详细介绍了CTMU的结构、使用方法及测量校正方法,该方案大大降低了超声波热量表的成本,通过校验台测试,产品稳定,性能满足设计要求.     

基于MSP430F149的高精度超声波测距仪设计

针对普通超声波测距系统测量精度低的问题,该文介绍了一种由MSP430F149单片机控制的实时超声波测距系统,电路主要采用专用时间测量芯片TDC-GP21,并考虑了温度补偿,有效保证了系统测量精度和低功耗特性。     

基于TDC-GP22的超声波热量表设计

超声波热量表的关键问题是测量数据的高度精确性。设计选取了TDC—GP22测量芯片,配合低功耗MSP430系列芯片作为 MCU,配合超声波换能器和 Pt1000温度传感器来测量流速和水温。通过TDC—GP22增加的3个重要功能来实现精确的脉冲间隔测量、检测管内异常和简化的多脉冲结果计算。通过在行业标准环境下测试热量表具有较低的功耗、较高的准确度和良好的稳定性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.