The structure of work-related stress and coping among oncology nurses in high-stress medical settings: A transactional analysis.

A transactional approach was used to examine stress and coping among 59 oncology nurses. Nine work stress clusters were identified: Physician-Related Stress, Organizational Factors, Observing Suffering, Ethical Concerns, Death and Dying, Carryover Stress, Negative Self-Thoughts, Inadequate Resources, and Coworker Stress, with the first 3 rated as most frequent and most intense. Ten coping clusters were also identified: Coworker Support, Positive Reappraisal, Developing a Growth Perspective, Positive Involvement in Treatment, Affective Regulation, Balancing Work Stress, Negative Coping, Apathy, Withdrawal, and Catharsis, with the first 3 rated as most frequently used and most effective. The relationships among the clusters, as well as the theoretical and clinical implications of these results, were discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The MBHI: A new inventory for the psychodiagnostician in medical settings.

The Million Behavioral Health Inventory (MBHI), a 150-item self-report inventory, was constructed and validated to provide a wide range of measures relevant to psychological assessment and decision making in a variety of medical settings. The rationale, development, and uses of the MBHI are briefly described; the focus of each of the instrument's 20 scales (e.g., Sociable Personality, Recent Stress, and Emotional Vulnerability) is also outlined. (37 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Cues and concerns by patients in medical consultations: A literature review.

The aim of the current article is to review the peer-reviewed research literature on cues and concerns published between 1975 and 2006. To be included, articles had to report observational studies based on patient-physician consultations and report findings on patient expressions of cues and/or concerns. Quantitative and qualitative studies from different medical settings were considered. Fifty-eight original articles based on the analysis of audio- or videotaped medical consultations were tracked down. Definition of cues and concerns and methodological approaches differed widely. Physicians missed most cues and concerns and adopted behaviors that discouraged disclosure. Communication training improved the detection of cues and concerns. Future research progress would require different methodological approaches more appropriate for studying verbal interactions and the complexity of the various levels that influence interactions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A rationale for DSM-III's medical model.

Defends the medical model in treating psychological disorders in response to T. Schacht and P. E. Nathan's (see record 1978-29497-001) etiologic regrouping of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III) diagnostic categories. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Interstate forensic psychology consultations: A call for reform and proposal of a model rule.

Forensic psychology has made important gains in professional recognition and stature in the courts, resulting in increasing demands for mobility of expertise. Current regulations regarding the interjurisdictional temporary forensic practice of psychology, however, are characterized by variability of regulations, ambiguity and inaccessibility, and continuing total barriers. A uniform, well-reasoned policy is needed. A conceptual basis for such a policy is provided by a discussion of licensing rationales and the application of these to forensic practice. Uniformity, public and professional protection, and practicability are identified as fundamental regulatory criteria. A Model Rule Regarding the Temporary Forensic Practice of Psychology is proposed for adoption by state licensing boards on a nationwide basis. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Looking ahead: Preparing psychologists for administrative roles in medical settings.

As psychologists increasingly pursue administrative positions, training in management and business systems becomes a pressing need. In response to this need, a unique rotation in administration offered through a predoctoral internship at a Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center was formed. This article describes the rotation and its objectives. Although initial results from the rotation suggest it offers promise as a model of administrative training, future research assessing the longitudinal career trajectory of persons completing the rotation is needed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

An early intervention model for pediatric settings.

Four groups of preschool children are likely to present to pediatricians in private or hospital practice: those with (a) developmental disabilities identifiable at a young age, (b) illnesses or handicaps, (c) temperamental traits predisposing to parent–child interaction problems, and (d) behavior problems. Parents view pediatricians as experts in child development and thus seek their guidance. Yet, many of these children will require treatment beyond the pediatrician's office. The Early Intervention Program (EIP) for Preschoolers and Parents is intended for such children. Organized into modules that focus on specific needs of the child and/or the parent–child interaction, EIP emphasizes parent training and skills development through applying behavioral–social learning principles. The modules include individual tutoring in speech and self-help skills, toddler management for behavioral compliance, and classrooms for developing school readiness skills and cooperative peer relationships. EIP is consistent with the treatment orientation of pediatricians and can serve as a useful training resource for pediatric residents. (15 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A working model for monitoring intervention programs in residential settings for mentally retarded persons.

Describes a 2-committee system for monitoring therapeutic and educational programs and research in a residential setting for mentally retarded persons. The issues and problems that have emerged in both committees are discussed, as are the estimated costs involved in maintaining both committees. (25 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Fieldwork in schools: a model for alternative settings

Gilles de la Tourette syndrome is characterized by (a) onset usually in childhood and adolescence between 2 and 15 years of age, (b) violent facial tics and coprolalia, (c) increased excitability and apathy, (d) progressive increase in the intensity of symptoms, and (e) a chronic course. The syndrome is three times more common in males than in females. It is no longer considered the rarity it used to be, with a reported frequency of 1 to 5 per 10,000 population in western countries. This paper is the first report of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome in Papua New Guinea. The family history method and the family study method were used for this study after the index patient had been identified. The case report is presented with a diagram of the pedigree of the extended family of the index patient. A total of four cases of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome were reported in three generations of the extended family. In conclusion, further clinical and genetic research (including twin studies) into Gilles de la Tourette syndrome is recommended in Papua New Guinea.     

The economics of behavioral health services in medical settings: A summary of the evidence.

The health care system in the United States, plagued by spiraling costs, unequal access, and uneven quality, can find its best chance of improving the health of the population through the improvement of behavioral health services. It is in this area that the largest potential payoff in reduction of morbidity and mortality and increased cost-effectiveness of care can be found. A review of the evidence shows that many forms of behavioral health services, particularly when delivered as part of primary medical care, can be central to such an improvement. The evidence supports many but not all behavioral health services when delivered in settings in which people will accept these services under particular administrative and fiscal structures. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Research settings in industrial and organizational psychology: Are findings in the field more generalizable than in the laboratory?

The authors analyzed for content all the empirical articles from the 1966, 1970, and 1974 volumes of the Journal of Applied Psychology, Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, and Personnel Psychology to determine the types of organizations, Ss, and dependent measures studied. Contrary to the common belief that field settings provide for more generalization of research findings than laboratory settings do, field research appeared as narrow as laboratory research in the actors, settings, and behaviors sampled. Indeed, industrial-organizational psychology seems to be developing in the laboratory a psychology of the college student, and in the field, a psychology of the self-report of male, professional, technical, and managerial employees in productive-economic organizations. It is suggested that coordinated strategies of research in both laboratory and field settings are needed to construct an externally valid industrial and organizational psychology. (33 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Surgery in medical education. Division of surgical oncology

Medical education is being required to make a big change over the last 10 years due to the rapidly expanding knowledge of medicine and socioeconomical demands from the public. The education system is now focusing on teaching medical students how to learn individual subjects by themselves leading to understand the concept of self learning and adult learning. It is also required for students and residents to improve clinical competence as early as possible. The purpose of this change in medical education is to produce better doctors for the future. In order to achieve our aim it is essential to have continuous education system during the pre and postgraduate periods and also to realize the importance of education. Standardized education program is also essential to be established. Evaluation system for teaching is needed to attract young doctors to teaching, otherwise enough staffs for education would not be obtained. Teaching experiences should be counted as a career pass at the time of promotion. For a surgeon clinical competence is most important task to achieve but experience of research is also important for young surgeons to become a research minded surgeon or academic surgeon who will make a breakthrough in the field of surgery in the future. It should be emphasized that dean and professors are most responsible in the development of medical education.     

Zoos worldwide as settings for psychological research: A survey.

Surveyed ongoing and future possibilities for comparative psychological research at overseas zoos by questionnaire. Results indicate that 92 (75.4%) of the zoos in 19 (70.7%) of the countries responding would welcome sound proposals for comparative psychological research. 19 preconditions for potential investigators to consider before designing and beginning projected research at overseas zoos are presented. In addition to formal answers to the survey, various zoo personnel offered comments and information concerning their sites. (12 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Zoos as settings for psychological research: A preliminary survey.

Presents survey results that support D. B. Miller's (see record 1977-28610-001) proposal that US zoological parks are appropriate environments for naturalistic comparative psychological research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Challenges and opportunities of the Internet for medical oncology

PURPOSE: The internet, and in particular the world wide web (www), has a rapidly increasing potential to provide information for oncologists and their patients about cancer biology and treatment. A brief overview of this environment is given along with examples of how easily the information is accessed as a means of introducing the web page of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), ASCO OnLine. METHODS: Oncology information sources on the www were accessed from the author's home using a 14.4 kbs modem, Netscape browser (Netscape communications Corp, Mountain View, CA), and the locations recorded for tabulation and discussion. RESULTS: Overwhelming amounts of oncology-related information are now available via the Internet. CONCLUSION: Oncology as a subspecialty is ideally suited to apply the newest information technology to traditional needs in areas of education, research, and patient care. Oncologists will increasingly act as information guides rather than information resources for patients and their families with cancer.     

Decisions about confidentiality in medical student mental health settings.

Investigated orientations toward confidentiality of 59 mental health practitioners in US medical schools who were requested to respond to 10 case vignettes representing a range of students' problems by indicating the action they would take. Results suggest that Ss were generally unwilling to break confidentiality in response to cluster of presenting problems that involved suicidal tendencies, sexual coercion/seduction, nonviolent social transgressions, and falsifying data. This was most pronounced when risk of suicide was evident. Only a bomb threat scenario clearly elicited responses suggesting a likely breach of confidence. (19 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The physician perspective of health psychologists in medical settings.

Examined physician attitudes and utilization of psychologists in medical settings by administering a 15-item questionnaire to 397 26–78 yr old physicians (84% male) practicing family/general practice, surgery, internal medicine, or miscellaneous clinical medicine. Although differences in attitudes were associated with age, sex, and specialty, generally favorable attitudes toward psychologists were found among Ss. Results show a recognition by the majority of Ss of the role that psychological factors play in medical disease and an appreciation of clinical psychological skills by a large majority. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)