四川盆地高石梯—磨溪古隆起构造特征及对特大型气田形成的控制作用

应用四川盆地最新地质、地震、钻井及露头等资料,对高石梯—磨溪古隆起地质结构、地质演化进行研究,探讨安岳震旦系—寒武系特大型气田形成的控制因素。高石梯—磨溪古隆起为一主要与桐湾运动有关的近南北向巨型同沉积古隆起构造,其核部高石梯—磨溪地区震旦系灯影组顶面及相邻层系自震旦纪至今一直处于隆起高部位,并发育独立统一的巨型圈闭构造,其发育时期、地质结构、演化历史等构造特征明显有别于加里东期乐山—龙女寺古隆起。高石梯—磨溪古隆起控制安岳震旦系—寒武系特大型气田的形成与分布,主要表现为:古隆起西侧紧邻绵竹—长宁克拉通内裂陷寒武系麦地坪组、筇竹寺组烃源岩中心,且自身也发育震旦系灯影组和寒武系筇竹寺组烃源岩;控制了震旦系灯四段、灯二段和寒武系龙王庙组优质储集层的形成与展布;发育3套储盖组合,为震旦系—寒武系大规模古油藏原位裂解形成特大型气藏提供了条件。     

四川盆地震旦系—下古生界天然气地球化学特征及成因判识

四川盆地震旦系灯影组,寒武系筇竹寺组、龙王庙组、洗象池组的天然气组成、同位素值在不同构造位置上表现出不同的特征,造成了对其天然气成因及来源等认识上的差异。基于前人的研究成果,结合大量新钻探井资料,开展了该区天然气地球化学特征对比研究。结果表明:①天然气总体上表现为典型的干气,以烃类气体为主,甲烷含量为74.85%~97.35%,以83.0%~96.0%为主;非烃气体含量的差别主要表现在N2和He,威远—资阳地区相对高N2、高He,高石梯—磨溪地区相对低N2、低He,这种差异与烃源岩中的泥质含量有关。②不同地区天然气δ13 C1值、δ13 C2值差异大:资阳震旦系天然气δ13 C1值最轻(-38.0‰~-35.5‰),其他地区则介于-33.9‰~-32.0‰,反映了捕获阶段的不同,早期捕获的天然气同位素值较轻;威远震旦系—寒武系天然气δ13 C2为-36.5‰~-32.7‰,高石梯—磨溪龙王庙组天然气δ13 C2为-33.6‰~-31.8‰,高石梯—磨溪灯影组天然气δ13 C2则与上述天然气有较大差别,为-29.1‰~-26.8‰,主要反映了母质类型的差异。③天然气C6~C7轻烃组成均以环烷烃和异构烷烃为主,主要表现为原油裂解气特征。     

川中古隆起龙王庙组特大型气田战略发现与理论技术创新

2011年以来,在四川盆地川中古隆起磨溪—高石梯地区发现震旦系、寒武系特大型气田,主力含气层系包括震旦系灯影组灯二段、灯四段及寒武系龙王庙组,地质储量规模超过万亿立方米。在简要回顾川中古隆起大气区战略发现历程的基础上,系统阐述川中古隆起龙王庙组特大型气田的形成条件及油气富集规律,指出大型古隆起背景、大型网状供烃系统、规模化的颗粒滩储集层以及区域性的储盖组合是特大型气田形成的重要条件;针对龙王庙组超深、高温、高压等复杂地层条件,分别在测井、地震、钻井、储集层改造等方面进行了技术攻关,并形成了相应的配套成果,应用效果良好,展示了四川盆地震旦系—寒武系巨大的油气勘探潜力。     

四川盆地川中古隆起震旦系—寒武系天然气特征及成因

利用高石梯—磨溪地区大量新钻探井和野外露头资料,开展震旦系—寒武系天然气组分、同位素、轻烃组成、烃源岩干酪根碳同位素、储集层沥青生物标志物等地球化学特征研究。研究表明:1震旦系灯影组和寒武系龙王庙组天然气均为典型的干气,以烃类气体为主。但灯影组干燥系数大、烃类组分含量低、非烃组分含量高。非烃气体含量的差异主要表现在氮气、二氧化碳、硫化氢和氦气方面。烃源岩成熟度不同和含硫矿物与烃类反应生成H2S是造成灯影组和龙王庙组天然气组成细微差别的原因。2灯影组和龙王庙组天然气δ13C2值差异明显,主要反映母质类型的差异。3灯影组和龙王庙组天然气甲烷δ2H值差异大,主要反映母质沉积水介质盐度的差异。4下寒武统页岩、灯影组泥岩、陡山沱组泥岩和灯影组碳酸盐岩干酪根碳同位素平均值分别为-32.8‰、-31.9‰、-30.7‰和-27.8‰。5灯影组储集层沥青4-甲基二苯并噻吩/1-甲基二苯并噻吩值介于筇竹寺组和灯影组烃源岩之间。研究认为高石梯—磨溪地区震旦系—寒武系天然气主要为原油裂解气,震旦系天然气来源于震旦系和寒武系烃源岩,寒武系天然气主要来源于寒武系烃源岩。     

四川盆地安岳特大型气田基本地质特征与形成条件北大核心CSCD

四川盆地安岳特大型气田是我国最古老的海相碳酸盐岩原生型气田,目的层震旦系—寒武系有机质热演化程度已达高—过成熟阶段,埋深4500~6000m,气藏形成经历了多旋回复杂构造运动。该气田主力产层自上而下为寒武系龙王庙组、震旦系灯影组灯四段、灯二段。龙王庙组气藏为构造背景上的岩性气藏,受古隆起背景上的古、今构造叠加控制,多套储层叠置连片大面积发育,含气面积超出现今构造圈闭面积,形成了高石梯-磨溪-龙女寺龙王庙组气藏群;灯影组灯二段气藏为底水构造气藏,上部含气,下部普遍含水,含气范围受现今构造圈闭控制,磨溪区块、高石梯区块各自具有相对统一的气水界面;灯影组灯四段气藏为构造背景上的岩性-地层圈闭气藏,在高石梯-磨溪-龙女寺区块范围内总体含气。古裂陷、古丘滩体、古隆起、古圈闭和保存条件的时空配置是安岳特大型气田形成的关键,其中,古裂陷控制了生烃中心与源-储成藏组合,并形成了侧向封堵条件;古丘滩体控制了岩溶储层规模发育及岩性-地层圈闭的形成;古隆起控制了大型古油藏的形成,其继承性发育对油气形成起到了有效保存;古圈闭控制了大面积分布的岩性-地层油气藏群。     

四川盆地安岳特大型气田基本地质特征与形成条件

四川盆地安岳特大型气田是我国最古老的海相碳酸盐岩原生型气田,目的层震旦系—寒武系有机质热演化程度已达高—过成熟阶段,埋深4 500~6 000 m,气藏形成经历了多旋回复杂构造运动。该气田主力产层自上而下为寒武系龙王庙组、震旦系灯影组灯四段、灯二段。龙王庙组气藏为构造背景上的岩性气藏,受古隆起背景上的古、今构造叠加控制,多套储层叠置连片大面积发育,含气面积超出现今构造圈闭面积,形成了高石梯-磨溪-龙女寺龙王庙组气藏群;灯影组灯二段气藏为底水构造气藏,上部含气,下部普遍含水,含气范围受现今构造圈闭控制,磨溪区块、高石梯区块各自具有相对统一的气水界面;灯影组灯四段气藏为构造背景上的岩性-地层圈闭气藏,在高石梯-磨溪-龙女寺区块范围内总体含气。古裂陷、古丘滩体、古隆起、古圈闭和保存条件的时空配置是安岳特大型气田形成的关键,其中,古裂陷控制了生烃中心与源-储成藏组合,并形成了侧向封堵条件;古丘滩体控制了岩溶储层规模发育及岩性-地层圈闭的形成;古隆起控制了大型古油藏的形成,其继承性发育对油气形成起到了有效保存;古圈闭控制了大面积分布的岩性-地层油气藏群。     

四川盆地高石梯—磨溪地区震旦系—寒武系大型气藏特征与聚集模式

四川盆地震旦系—寒武系具有良好的油气成藏条件,但由于地层时代早、经历构造运动次数多,大型气田勘探难度增大。自1964年发现威远震旦系大型气田后,历经49年的艰苦探索,于2013年在磨溪地区寒武系龙王庙组发现了中国迄今为止单个规模最大的整装特大型气田——安岳气田,探明天然气地质储量4 404×108 m3,且高石梯—磨溪地区震旦系灯影组和寒武系龙王庙组气藏的三级储量之和超过万亿立方米。天然气组分、轻烃、储层沥青丰度等证据均表明这些天然气主要为原油裂解型干气,甲烷含量为82.65%~97.35%,乙烷含量为0.01%~0.29%;低氮(0.44%~6.13%)、低氦(0.01%~0.06%),中—低含硫化氢为主(0.62~61.11g/m3)。气藏压力由震旦系的常压(压力系数为1.07~1.13)逐渐增高至寒武系龙王庙组的高压(压力系数为1.53~1.70),气藏温度137.5~163.0℃;气藏圈闭类型包括构造型、构造-地层和构造-岩性复合型。桐湾期大型继承性稳定古隆起、大面积分布的古老烃源岩、大面积孔洞型优质储层、大型古油藏裂解及良好保存条件的有效配置造就了震旦系—寒武系天然气的规模富集。根据古油藏原油裂解之前的古构造格局、沥青丰度及现今气藏分布特点,将裂解气藏聚集类型划分为聚集型、半聚半散型和分散型3类。上述认识对四川盆地震旦系—寒武系天然气勘探领域的拓展具有重要指导意义。     

川中古隆起下古生界——震旦系勘探发现与天然气富集规律

近期川中古隆起震旦系灯影组、寒武系龙王庙组的天然气勘探获得重大新突破,古隆起东段发现了一个纵向3套产层、平面连片叠置的特大型气田。已探明龙王庙组天然气储量超过4400×108m3,控制灯四段气藏含气区面积7500km2。研究认为:川中古隆起特大型气田具有产层年代老、埋藏深度大、含气层系多、气藏类型多、规模大等特征,其形成得益于多套广覆式优质烃源岩与大面积岩溶储层互层叠置、大型稳定古隆起存在、古今构造圈闭叠合,更为关键的是古隆起继承性发展与各成藏要素演化匹配。川中古隆起东段高部位是天然气富集有利区,其中,高石梯—磨溪西部南北向带状区为灯影组天然气富集高产区,磨溪—龙女寺古、今构造叠合区为龙王庙组天然气富集高产区。     

高石梯—磨溪地区灯影组、龙王庙组天然气气源分析

为弄清四川盆地高石梯—磨溪地区震旦系灯影组、下寒武统龙王庙组天然气的成因,在地质背景研究的基础上,通过对51个天然气样品的地球化学分析,认为该区灯影组和龙王庙组的天然气组分较之威远、资阳构造,具有甲烷含量略高、普遍含微量乙烷、非烃含量略低的特点,属于过成熟油和沥青裂解干气;灯影组天然气的甲烷碳同位素值(δ13 C1)介于-32.43‰~-34.59‰,乙烷碳同位素值(δ13 C2)介于-24.86‰~-28.02‰,龙王庙组天然气的δ13 C1介于-33.36‰~-36.72‰,δ13 C2介于-30.27‰~-32.51‰,二者天然气中的δ13 C1基本一致,但灯影组天然气的δ13 C2明显重于龙王庙组,这是过成熟原油裂解气与沥青裂解气混合所造成的结果。结合26块岩心样品的地球化学分析结果,确定了天然气的气源和成因:灯影组和龙王庙组天然气均为有机成因,其中龙王庙组天然气气源来自下伏下寒武统筇竹寺组页岩;灯影组天然气为混源气,其气源既来自筇竹寺组烃源岩和灯三段黑色泥岩,也有灯四段孔洞、裂缝中沥青裂解气的贡献。     

四川盆地磨溪—高石梯地区2014年勘探取得重要新进展

<正>2014年,中国石油西南油气田公司按照"加强前期、注重技术、突出重点、积极有效"的勘探工作方针,扎实推进四川盆地高石梯一磨溪地区油气勘探工作,继2013年高效探明我国规模最大的海相碳酸盐岩整装气藏——磨溪区块寒武系龙王庙组气藏后,2014年对该区古生界—震旦系的勘探成果进一步扩大。1)震旦系灯影组勘探获得重要新进展。继磨溪—高石梯地区灯影组台缘带北端磨溪22井2013年获日产105.8×10~4 m~3高产工业气流之后,2014年台缘带南端高石7井再获新突破,该井灯四段测试获日产气105.65×10~4 m~3;同时台缘带上已完钻探井,灯     

汽油润滑性研究II.汽油化学组成的特点

化学组成是决定燃料润滑性的最重要的因素。研究汽油中存在哪些种类的化合物 ,包括烃和非烃 ,是研究汽油润滑性的关键。但是 ,汽油的组成在很大程度上取决于生产时进料的成分和加工的方法。近百年来 ,在汽车和汽油平行发展的过程中 ,汽油组成不断改变 ,而且各国情形也各不相同。直到 80年代末 ,完整的燃料组成数据还是很难得到。本研究中收集归纳了尽可能完整的系统的汽油组成数据 ,用于今后发展汽油润滑的模型及解释汽油润滑性的测定结果。这些数据包括烷烃、烯烃、芳烃、含硫化合物、含氮化合物、含氧化合物、染料和添加剂的结构和含量。     

塔里木盆地天然气碳、氢同位素地球化学特征

库车坳陷天然气甲皖的氢同位素组成分布为-185‰- -156‰，除DW105-25井为-156‰外，其余9个样品相对较轻，基本轻于-170‰，而Dw105-25井的δ^12C-值为-28．5‰，也相对较重；库车坳陷天然气乙皖氢同位素组成分布为-139‰～-113‰。塔中地区和塔东地区天然气甲烷氢同位素组成分布为-168‰～-151‰，范围相对较小。轮南地区天然气甲炕氢同位素分布为-190‰～-140‰．分布范围较广，乙炕氢同位素组成分布为-187‰～-145‰，与甲炕的分布范围相近．大多数样品同时出现甲烷、乙烷的碳、氢同位素组成序列倒转的现象。塔西南地区的阿克1井天然气甲皖的碳同位素组成为-23．0‰。氢同位素组成为-131‰，均较重，这可能与深部物质的参与有关。     

Sources of variability in the analysis of meat nutrient coenzyme Q10 for food composition databases

Coenzyme Q₁₀ (CoQ₁₀) or ubiquinone (2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-6-multiprenyl-1,4-benzoquinone) is an endogenous hydroxybenzoquinone liposoluble compound which plays important physiological roles that makes it to be considered as a bioactive compound that may be used for clinical practices and as food supplement. The purpose of this work was to analyse CoQ₁₀ in three muscles with different oxidative patterns and determine its variability in different animal species (pork, beef, lamb and rabbit). The content of CoQ₁₀ ranged from 4.3 to 30.9 μg/g meat with the highest content in those muscles with oxidative pattern. So, more specific data on type of meat cut and proportion of muscles must be given for this nutrient when reporting its content in food composition databases.     

Composition of Floccules Formed in Hydrotreated Base Oil

Abstract

The composition of the floccules formed in hydrotreated base oil was investigated in detail. First, a method of solvent dilution and filtration at low temperature was employed to perform the separation of the floccules in the oil. Second, n-paraffins in the floccules were separated with urea, and carbon number distribution of the floccules was obtained by gas chromatography (GC). Finally, the composition and structure between the floccules and filtrated oils were investigated using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and infrared spectroscopy (IR), and their average molecular weights were also measured. The results indicate that the floccules were caused by some hydrocarbon compounds with large average molecular weight, high paraffinic carbon content, and high freezing point. The floccules were composed of a large amount of naphthenes and some paraffins. The naphthenes had longer side branches and lower ring numbers, and the paraffins had longer chains and lower degrees of branching. During slow cooling under static conditions, these hydrocarbon compounds formed a colloidal network, which embodied the oil and dispersed throughout the oil and formed the floccules.     

中压加氢改质过程中的烃类组成研究

介绍了加氢改质过程中有关的烃类组成分析方法，并利用有关分析数据研究了在中压加氢前后油品中的烃族组成的变化，从而了解原料组成与工艺操作参数和产品之间的关系。这对于优化工艺条件、得到所需产品有重要意义。     

分析技术在费-托合成中的应用研究

综述了现代分析仪器,如色谱、质谱、核磁共振等,在分析费-托合成产品组成和结构中的应用,指出建立费-托合成成套分析方法对费-托合成原料的合理利用,产品质量的改进和提高,以及费-托合成工艺条件的合理选择等均具有重要意义。     

Study on Composition and Structure of Liaoshu Asphalt

In this article, the structure characteristics of Liaoshu paving asphalts have been studied by the methods of element analysis, SARA and E-D-M. At same time, the relation between composition and structure and using performance of Liaoshu paving asphalt were established. The experimental results show that carbon and hydrogen contents were more than 95%, the hydrogen/carbon atom ratio was about 1.5 in the Liaoshu paving asphalts. The content of saturates is between 20 and 25% in the Liaoshu paving asphalt, aromatics 35-40%, resin 25-30%, and asphaltene 8-10%. There are 45 carbon atoms in asphalt average molecule, which contain 16-17 aromatic carbon atoms. The number of total ring in asphalt average molecule is 5-6, the aromatic ring is 3-4, the naphthene ring is 1-2.     

Study on Composition and Structure of Liaoshu Asphalt

Abstract

In this article, the structure characteristics of Liaoshu paving asphalts have been studied by the methods of element analysis, SARA and E-D-M. At same time, the relation between composition and structure and using performance of Liaoshu paving asphalt were established. The experimental results show that carbon and hydrogen contents were more than 95%, the hydrogen/carbon atom ratio was about 1.5 in the Liaoshu paving asphalts. The content of saturates is between 20 and 25% in the Liaoshu paving asphalt, aromatics 35–40%, resin 25–30%, and asphaltene 8–10%. There are 45 carbon atoms in asphalt average molecule, which contain 16–17 aromatic carbon atoms. The number of total ring in asphalt average molecule is 5–6, the aromatic ring is 3–4, the naphthene ring is 1–2.     

Study on Composition and Structure of Liaoshu Asphalt

Abstract

In this article, the structure characteristics of Liaoshu paving asphalts have been studied by the methods of element analysis, SARA and E-D-M. At same time, the relation between composition and structure and using performance of Liaoshu paving asphalt were established. The experimental results show that carbon and hydrogen contents were more than 95%, the hydrogen/carbon atom ratio was about 1.5 in the Liaoshu paving asphalts. The content of saturates is between 20 and 25% in the Liaoshu paving asphalt, aromatics 35 and 40%, resin 25 and 30%, and asphaltene 8 and 10%. There are 45 carbon atoms in the average asphalt molecule, which contain 16–17 aromatic carbon atoms. The number of total ring in the average asphalt molecule is 5–6, the aromatic ring is 3–4, and the naphthene ring is 1–2.     

Study on Composition and Structure of Liaoshu Asphalt

In this article, the structure characteristics of Liaoshu paving asphalts have been studied by the methods of element analysis, SARA and E-D-M. At same time, the relation between composition and structure and using performance of Liaoshu paving asphalt were established. The experimental results show that carbon and hydrogen contents were more than 95%, the hydrogen/carbon atom ratio was about 1.5 in the Liaoshu paving asphalts. The content of saturates is between 20 and 25% in the Liaoshu paving asphalt, aromatics 35 and 40%, resin 25 and 30%, and asphaltene 8 and 10%. There are 45 carbon atoms in the average asphalt molecule, which contain 16-17 aromatic carbon atoms. The number of total ring in the average asphalt molecule is 5-6, the aromatic ring is 3-4, and the naphthene ring is 1-2.