高模量碳纤维的现状及发展(2)

主要介绍了国内外聚丙烯腈基和沥青基高模量碳纤维的研究现状及发展趋势。⑴高模量碳纤维的发展方向:1980年代,两大高模量碳纤维都朝着高强高模方向发展,以满足飞机主承力结构件高强高模并重的需要,因而促使高模量碳纤维的性能从单一高模化向高强高模化方向迈进,如东丽公司的M50J和M60J的抗拉伸强度(σ)分别为4.12 GPa和3.92 GPa,抗拉伸模量(E)分别为475 GPa和588 GPa,与M50(σ:2.45 GPa,E:490 GPa)相比均大幅度提高;1990年代率先研制出XN-70(σ:3.3 GPa,E:690 GPa)和FT-700(σ:3.3 GPa,E:700 GPa)沥青基高强高模碳纤维产品不久,美国AMOCO公司也生产出Thorne K-1000(σ:3.1 GPa,E:956 GPa)商品,满足了工业界的需求。⑵原丝的品质是提升高强高模碳纤维性能的关键:人们特别关注聚合物单体、溶剂、环境等的净化,以及聚合纺丝工艺参数的选择和调整,目的是如何能生产出低灰份杂质,细直径,高碳收率,高取向度和结晶度,毛丝少,柔韧性好,均匀稳定的优质原纤维。优质原纤维是制备高强高模的物质基础。⑶热处理制备工序、设备选型及工艺参数的调控也是提高高强高模碳纤维性能不可或缺的条件:人们在热处理过程用DSC-TG(热分析仪)、EA(元素分析仪)、FE-SEM(场发射扫描电镜)、HRTEM(高分辨透射电镜)、XES(X-射线能谱仪)、XRD(X-射线衍射仪)、Raman(拉曼光谱)、NMR(核磁共振仪)、STM(原子力显微镜)和AAS(原子吸收光谱)等先进的测试分析方法以及万能材料试验机等,研究各工序的工艺参数对产品性能和结构的影响,并详细的用图表阐述之。前人研究的成果加速了世界高强高模碳纤维性能的提升。进而提出了提高我国高强高模碳纤维的关键技术(例如研制非硅系新油剂,加强各工序的净化度和设备加工精度,强化工艺参数调控精度和加强灵活可变性,分析测试的准确度和测试方法的统一性等)。同时简介了高模量碳纤维的应用领域和前景。     

高模量碳纤维的现状及发展(3)

主要介绍了国内外聚丙烯腈基和沥青基高模量碳纤维的研究现状及发展趋势。⑴高模量碳纤维的发展方向:1980年代,两大高模量碳纤维都朝着高强高模方向发展,以满足飞机主承力结构件高强高模并重的需要,因而促使高模量碳纤维的性能从单一高模化向高强高模化方向迈进,如东丽公司的M50J和M60J的抗拉伸强度(σ)分别为4.12 GPa和3.92 GPa,抗拉伸模量(E)分别为475 GPa和588 GPa,与M50(σ:2.45 GPa,E:490 GPa)相比均大幅度提高;1990年代率先研制出XN-70(σ:3.3 GPa,E:690 GPa)和FT-700(σ:3.3 GPa,E:700 GPa)沥青基高强高模碳纤维产品不久,美国AMOCO公司也生产出Thorne K-1000(σ:3.1 GPa,E:956 GPa)商品,满足了工业界的需求。⑵原丝的品质是提升高强高模碳纤维性能的关键:人们特别关注聚合物单体、溶剂、环境等的净化,以及聚合纺丝工艺参数的选择和调整,目的是如何能生产出低灰份杂质,细直径,高碳收率,高取向度和结晶度,毛丝少,柔韧性好,均匀稳定的优质原纤维。优质原纤维是制备高强高模的物质基础。⑶热处理制备工序、设备选型及工艺参数的调控也是提高高强高模碳纤维性能不可或缺的条件:人们在热处理过程用DSC-TG(热分析仪)、EA(元素分析仪)、FE-SEM(场发射扫描电镜)、HRTEM(高分辨透射电镜)、XES(X-射线能谱仪)、XRD(X-射线衍射仪)、Raman(拉曼光谱)、NMR(核磁共振仪)、STM(原子力显微镜)和AAS(原子吸收光谱)等先进的测试分析方法以及万能材料试验机等,研究各工序的工艺参数对产品性能和结构的影响,并详细的用图表阐述之。前人研究的成果加速了世界高强高模碳纤维性能的提升。进而提出了提高我国高强高模碳纤维的关键技术(例如研制非硅系新油剂,加强各工序的净化度和设备加工精度,强化工艺参数调控精度和加强灵活可变性,分析测试的准确度和测试方法的统一性等)。同时简介了高模量碳纤维的应用领域和前景。     

高模量炭纤维的现状及发展

沈曾民,迟伟东,张学军等撰文介绍了国内外聚丙烯腈基和沥青基高模量炭纤维的研究现状和发展趋势。（1）高模量炭纤维的发展方向：20世纪80年代,两大高模量炭纤维都朝着高强高模方向发展,以满足飞机主承力结构件高强高模并重的需要,因而促使高模量炭纤维的性能从单一高模化向高强高模化方向迈进,     

高温石墨化对碳纤维结构的影响

使用高温石墨化炉对实验室自制的高强中模碳纤维进行连续石墨化处理,制备得到了强度4.86 GPa、模量541 GPa的高强高模碳纤维,并详细研究了石墨化处理过程中主要工艺参数对碳纤维结构与性能的影响。研究结果探讨掌握了高温石墨化(2 500℃)处理前后碳纤维微观结构的演变规律。     

国产碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料的界面结合性能研究

研究了国产高强中模碳纤维T800、高模碳纤维M50J及M55J的力学性能及其增强树脂基复合材料的界面结合强度(ILSS),并与日本东丽公司同级别碳纤维进行对比。结果表明:国产M55J碳纤维的拉伸模量为568 GPa,拉伸强度为4.50 GPa,日本东丽公司M55J的拉伸模量为561 GPa,拉伸强度为4.10 GPa,国产高模碳纤维表面石墨化程度高于日本东丽碳纤维,表面呈现更高惰性,其增强树脂基复合材料的ILSS略低于日本东丽碳纤维复合材料;将高强中模碳纤维与高模碳纤维混合后对树脂基体进行增强,混合碳纤维中随着高强中模碳纤维含量提高,其复合材料的ILSS提高幅度也随之增加。     

低温石墨化对碳纤维性能的影响

使用高温石墨化炉对实验室自制的高强中模碳纤维进行连续石墨化处理,制备得到了强度4.86 GPa、模量541 GPa的高强高模碳纤维,并详细研究了石墨化处理过程中主要工艺参数对碳纤维结构与性能的影响。研究结果探索掌握了低温石墨化(1 600~2 200℃)过程中,不同处理温度对碳纤维密度、拉伸强度、拉伸模量等性能的影响规律。     

高模PAN基碳纤维在北京化工学院碳纤维工程研究中心试制成功

最近该中心已突破了高模量聚丙烯腈基碳纤维的技术难关,试制出了相当于M40型号的2公斤高模碳纤维,经测试模量约为390GPa,强度为2.7GPa,延伸度约0.6％。     

宁波材料所成功制备高强高模碳纤维M60J

正近日,宁波材料所在国产高强高模碳纤维关键制备技术方面取得重要进展,制备得到拉伸强度5.24 GPa、拉伸模量593 GPa的高强高模碳纤维,实现国产M60J关键制备技术的突破。高强高模碳纤维具有拉伸模量高、热膨胀系数小、     

辽宁诺科碳材中间相沥青基碳纤维实现量产

<正>辽宁诺科碳材料有限公司以石油产重芳烃为原料,致力于高模量(高导热、低成本)中间相沥青基碳纤维及其复合材料的研发生产。目前该公司实现了中间相沥青工业生产技术突破,并掌握了中间相沥青的熔纺技术及氧化、碳化、石墨化工艺等核心技术。诺科碳材如今已实现中国自己的中间相沥青基碳纤维量产:一期工程"20 t/a高模(高导热)中间相沥青     

M60J高强高模碳纤维关键制备技术获突破

<正>2018年3月20日,中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所制备出拉伸强度5.24 GPa、拉伸模量593 GPa的高强高模碳纤维,实现了国产高强高模碳纤维M60J关键制备技术的突破。2016年1月,宁波材料所在国内率先实现国产M55J制备技术重大突破,同年9月进行了制备技术验证,并获得拉伸强度4.15 GPa、拉伸模量585 GPa的高强高模碳扦维。后续研究进一步实现了国产M55J高强高模碳纤维连续稳定生产,纤维主体性能批间批内离散系数<5%。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。