W, Co, Ni对时效合金强度和韧性的影响

研究了Ｗ,Ｃｏ,Ｎｉ对时效合金强度和韧性的影响。结果表明：高Ｃｏ的ＦｅＷＣｏ合金有强的时效硬化能力,但其韧性较低。以Ｎｉ取代部分Ｃｏ之后,合金的韧性得到大的提高。ＦｅＷＣｏ合金的Ｃｏ量约２３％,Ｗ,Ｍｏ总量超过１８％时,硬度增加甚少,韧性损害较大,而ＦｅＷＣｏＮｉ的Ｃｏ当量达２３％,Ｗ,Ｍｏ总量达２４％时获得最佳的强度和韧性的配合。萃取化合物的Ｘ射线衍射（ＸＲＤ）分析表明,时效合金的主要金属间化合物是Ｆｅ３Ｗ２型,还有Ｆｅ７Ｗ６和Ｆｅ２Ｗ型化合物。淬火态、退火态萃取物的化学分析表明,时效合金中,Ｗ,Ｍｏ主要存在于化合物中,而Ｃｏ,Ｎｉ主要存在于固溶体中。时效硬化主要通过Ｗ,Ｍｏ金属间化合物的析出引起。而Ｃｏ,Ｎｉ主要通过影响析出相的数量、析出物形态及分布状态来影响时效硬化。     

Ni—Ti合金时效早期相变规律的研究

通过ＴＥＭ分析对Ｎｉ－１０％Ｔｉ（％，质量分数，不同）合金时效早期相变过程的研究表明Ｎ１－１００％Ｔｉ合金过饱和固溶体先通过调幅分解机理分解为贫、富溶质区；随后富溶质区发生有序化，最后形成Ｌ１２型有序相Ｎｉ３Ｔｉ。同时发现，淬冷抑制了该合金固溶体的相分解过程。Ｎｉ－Ｔｉ合金时效相变过程中存在调幅分民有序化两种失稳模式共存现象。     

Fe-W-Co和Fe-W-Co-Ni合金的时效硬化

对ＦｅＷＣｏ和ＦｅＷＣｏＮｉ合金的时效硬化特性进行了研究。结果表明两种合金均具有强的时效硬化能力。ＦｅＷＣｏＮｉ低温硬化速率较ＦｅＷＣｏ高。随着时效温度升高,ＦｅＷＣｏ硬化速率迅速上升。ＦｅＷＣｏ合金６３０℃时效１０ｍｉｎ,硬度从淬火态的４７ＨＲＣ上升到６４ＨＲＣ。淬火组织为具有高位错密度的板条马氏体。时效初期出现调幅结构,产生较大共格应力。５７０℃×２ｈ时效,ＦｅＷＣｏ的析出物比ＦｅＷＣｏＮｉ更为弥散细小。这是ＦｅＷＣｏ合金较ＦｅＷＣｏＮｉ合金有较强时效硬化能力的原因。     

代位合金元素原子在Fe3Al金属间化合物亚点阵占位的中子衍射研究

用中子衍射分析法研究了Ｃｒ，Ｍｏ，Ｔｉ，Ｎｉ，Ｍｎ，Ｓｉ等代位合金元素当量成分，ＤＯ３结构Ｆｅ３Ａｌ金属间化合物亚点阵中的原子占位及其对单胞中Ｆｅ原子磁矩，ＤＯ３－Ｂ２转变行为的影响。     

Ni-Ti合金时效早期相变规律的研究

通过ＴＥＭ分析对Ｎｉ１０％Ｔｉ（％，质量分数，下同）合金时效早期相变过程的研究表明Ｎｉ１０％Ｔｉ合金过饱和固溶体先通过调幅分解机理分解为贫、富溶质区；随后富溶质区发生有序化，最后形成Ｌ１２型有序相Ｎｉ３Ｔｉ。同时发现，淬冷抑制了该合金固溶体的相分解过程。ＮｉＴｉ合金时效相变过程中存在调幅分解与有序化两种失稳模式共存现象。     

Fe-Ni-Mo-(Si)-B非晶的晶化及纳米晶合金磁性的研究

对Ｆｅ４０Ｎｉ３８Ｍｏ４Ｂ１８,Ｆｅ３８Ｎｉ３５Ｍｏ４Ｓｉ５Ｂ１８、Ｆｅ３９Ｎｉ３６Ｍｏ２Ｓｉ５Ｂ１８（均为原子分数,％）三种非晶合金在４００－５２０℃等温退火１小时后的晶化行为进行了研究。并研究了Ｆｅ４０ｉ３８Ｍｏ４Ｂ１８合金的磁性。结果表明：Ｆｅ４０Ｎｉ３８Ｍｏ４Ｂ１８,合金经４３０－４５０℃温度退火后,在非晶基体上析出了ｆｃｃγ－（Ｆｅ,Ｎｉ）固溶体,平均晶粒尺寸Ｄ接近１０ｎｍ,具有很好的软     

等温时效对Cu－9Ni－6Sn－0．3Ce合金相结构的影响

用透射电镜、Ｘ射线衍射、ＤＳＣ分析和某些物理性能研究了等温时效对Ｃｕ－９Ｎｉ－６Ｓｎ－０．３Ｃｅ合金相结构的影响。研究表明：合金等温时效发生调幅分解的同时导致生成一种具有ＤＯ２２（Ａｌ３Ｔｉ型）结构的化合物，该化合物不具有超点阵结构，其数量随时间增加而增加，同时还有短程有序现象，短程有序参数随时间增加而减小。     

Cu基形状记忆合金的时效

对比研究了时效对亚共析Ｃｕ－１２．０Ａｌ－５．０Ｎｉ－２．０Ｍｎ－１．０Ｔｉ（ｗｔ．－％）合金与Ｃｕ－２０．０Ｚｎ－６．０Ａｌ－微量Ｂ（ｗｔ．－％）合金热稳定性的影响。结果表明，无论在母相状态或马氏体相状态，Ｃｕ－Ａｌ－Ｎｉ合金的时效热稳定性均远优于Ｃｕ－Ｚｎ－Ａｌ合金。Ｃｕ－Ａｌ－Ｎｉ合金母相状态时效伴随着ＤＯ＿３有序畴长大，基体中Ａｌ、Ｎｉ、Ｍｎ等元素贫化，导致Ｍ＿ｓ点升高，马氏体转变量降低。Ｃｕ－Ｚｎ－Ａｌ合金母相状态时效伴随贝氏体转变，引起基体富Ｚｎ富Ａｌ，导致Ｍ＿ｓ点下降，马氏体量降低。Ｃｕ－Ａｌ－Ｎｉ合金高的时效热稳定性可能来源于Ｎｉ对Ａｌ、Ｃｕ等原子扩散的阻碍作用。     

γ／γ＇－α定向共晶合金高温时效组织的高分辨电镜研究

利用高分辨电子显微镜和分析电子显微镜研究了γ／γ＇－α定向共晶合金高温时效组织，发现经过８５０和６５０℃的时效后，γ相的相变产物不同．α纤维则析出棒状的四方相Ｎｉ３Ｍｏ，还发现γ＇－Ｎｉ３Ａｌ片层状孪晶与Ｎｉ３Ｍｏ共生在一起ＥＤＡＸ分析表明，α纤维中固溶着Ｎｉ，Ａｌ和少累的Ｖ．     

Cu 5Ni 4Sn 3Al合金的时效强化

根据合金的力学和电学性能, 利用ＸＲＤ,ＴＥＭ 和ＳＥＭ 技术研究了Ｃｕ５Ｎｉ４Ｓｎ３Ａｌ 合金的时效强化。结果表明：３５０ ℃下时效时, 力学性能增加; 边带分析有边带效应, 且随时效时间的增加调幅波长增加。电镜下观察到调幅结构, 说明该合金是调幅分解强化的合金。同时, 铝的加入没有改变合金的相结构, 但是, 对合金的强化起着重要作用。实验结果还表明, 合金在时效过程中, 调幅分解的同时还形成ＤＯ２２（ＴｉＡｌ３） 型结构的Ｎｉ３Ｓｎ 化合物相     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。