辽宁－吉林东部地区超镁铁质岩包体的微量元素地球化学特征

发展了预浓集中子活化分析方法，结合仪器中子活化分析对辽宁—吉林东部地区新生代火山岩中尖晶石二辉橄榄岩包体的稀土元素（ＲＥＥ）及其他微量元素进行了测定。它们的过渡金属元素中不相容元素Ｔｉ以及适度相容元素Ｖ和Ｓｃ相对于原始地慢（ＰＭ）均具亏损的特征；而相容元素Ｃｏ、Ｎｉ和Ｃｒ含量略高或类似于ＰＭ，反映了它们应为经历了部分熔融后的残余地幔。依据ＲＥＥ特征尖晶石二辉橄榄岩可分为两类：第一类包体的ＲＥＥ含量和ＲＥＥ分配型式与ＰＭ相比呈现明显的亏损，提供了它们是残余地慢岩的又一证据。第二类包体的重稀土元素（ＨＲＥＥ）比前者低，但轻稀土元素（ＬＲＥＥ）比前者明显的高，揭示了它们在地幔源岩经历了部分熔融，使ＲＥＥ发生了亏损之后又遭受了ＬＲＥＥ富集，即地幔交代作用。     

克洛斯湖地区花岗伟晶岩脉中磷灰石的PIXE分析

应用质子激发X 射线(PIXE)方法分析克洛斯湖地区花岗伟晶岩中的31个磷灰石样品。讨论在伟晶岩系统中稀土元素和其它痕量元素的行为以及磷灰石中元素浓度分布与地理位置的关系。围岩钾长石中钾铷的比值c_k/c_(Rb)一般被认为是“世代”和结晶分异总体水平的指示。因此磷灰石中元素浓度对于钾长石中钾铷比值的相关图可以给出磷灰石中元素在“交代”过程中的“世代”差异。     

用中子活化分析法鉴别古陶瓷的种类

应用仪器中子活化法测定古耀洲瓷和古汝瓷的稀土元素（REE）和微量元素，结果显示两种瓷釉、瓷胎的稀土总量、稀土分配模式以及微量元素特征均有差异，甚至差异显著，这说明两种瓷釉、瓷胎的配料化学成分有区别，故REE和特征微量元素含量可作为陶瓷种类的鉴别标志。     

石油开发区块浅部地层放射性变化的监测

尝试提出将自然伽马能谱测井仪用于油田勘探开发区环境的辐射监测。在黄河入海口附近进行了四口井的浅部地层自然伽马能谱测井，初步研究结果表明，老黄河口浅层的Th含量比其他几口井的含量高；海水中的U含量较陆上浅层含量高；老油区的放射性比新探区高，说明石油开发对当地的生态环境是有一定的影响     

岩石中多元素仪器中子活化分析及其在地学中的应用

采用仪器中子活化分析法测定了各种地质样品中20多个元素的含量。为了检验方法的准确度和精密度,分析了美国国家地质局的标准物质USGS-AGV-Ⅰ、USGS-BCR-1及美国国家标准局的NBS-1632煤粉,准确度和精密度的误差均小于15％。 用仪器中子活化分析法测定了日喀则蛇绿岩中稀土元素含量,通过对稀土元素地球化学特征的分析,我们认为日喀则蛇绿岩在地球化学性质方面相似于大洋中脊拉斑玄武岩,它们可能是形成于特提斯洋脊。     

西准噶尔洪古勒楞蛇绿岩中玄武岩的中子活化分析研究

选用仪器中子活化法测定了新疆西准噶尔洪古勒楞蛇绿岩中玄武岩的稀土元素(REE)、过渡金属微量元素和不相容微量元素.地球化学研究认为,洪古勒楞玄武岩有两组:第一组与洪古勒楞蛇绿岩体有成因关系,包括部分辉绿岩和粗玄岩;第二组为与洪古勒楞蛇绿岩体无成因关系的洪古勒楞围岩玄武岩.探讨这两类玄武岩的成因联系,对与蛇绿岩有关各种岩石的成因类型、源区特征、相互联系、演化过程和含矿规律等的深入研究具有重要意义.     

应用仪器中子活化分析法研究海南岛玻璃陨石的微量元素地球化学特征

采用仪器中子活化分析法了海南岛玻璃陨石中２０多个元素的含量，通过对稀土元素及其它微量元素地球化学特征的研究。推测海南岛陨石的源岩可能是较年轻的沉积物，为检验方法的准确度和精密度分析了美国国家地质局的标准物质ＵＳＧＳ－ＢＣＲ－１及中国标准岩石ＧＳＲ、ＧＳＲ３，其相对标准偏差小于５％。     

AN INAA STUDY ON SOIL BACKGROUND VALUES OF U,Th AND REE IN CHINA

The background values of elements in soil have been investigated by INAA. The contents of 8 REE (La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Yb and Lu), U and Th in 364 top soil samples (A horizon) in China were determined by INAA. The samples were collected from some typical areas in China and covered main soil types of these areas. The background values of above elements in soil of the different areas and the whole soil studied in China are reported in present paper. The distribution characteristics of REE, U and Th in soils are also discussed.     

用同步辐射X射线荧光微探针技术研究硝酸镧对单个平滑肌细胞内重要元素分布的影响

应用同步辐射X射线荧光微探针技术（SRXRF），观察稀土元素化合物硝酸镧La(NO3)3(浓度为10^-8mol/L）对培养的单个大鼠平滑肌细胞内重要元素分布的影响，获得La(NO3)3作用4h,8h,24h时单个细胞内P，K，Ca,Fe,Cu,Zn,La等元素含量的相对计数。实验中观察到，10^-8mol/L La^3 持续作用后，细胞内K，Ca,Fe,Cu,Zn等元素含量分布发生改变。结果表明，La^3 可能富集在细胞内，影响细胞内某些重要元素含量的分布，可能是引起细胞生理生化变化的机制之一。     

赣南菖蒲盆地地质特征及铀成矿条件分析

系统分析了菖蒲盆地基底、盖层及构造地质特征,认为该盆地是典型的双峰式火山盆地,与白面石产铀火山盆地相似。通过对菖蒲盆地区域地质条件、铀源、构造、热液蚀变、铀矿化显示、保矿条件等几个方面的综合分析,认为该火山盆地具有良好的找矿前景,指出白面石式火山热盖型铀矿为该地区下一步主要找矿类型。     

Separation method and yields of small quantities of rare earth elements

The EMIS PARSIFAL was designed to purify very small quantities of radioactive isotopes. Yields are therefore an important component of the separations. The ionization is done in a thermoionization source or a plasma source, according to the physical properties of the concerned elements. For rare earth elements (REE), hydroxides are electrodeposited on a tantalum wire; for thermoionization, the wire is introduced in a tungsten crucible whose depth is linked to the boiling point of the element. Samples weigh between 0.2 and 0.9 mg. The crucible, heated at 3050°C by electron bombardment, gives REE yields from 20 to 40% and usually 50% for europium. The total beam intensity is about 5 × 10⁻⁶ A and separations last from 2 to 20 hours until the whole sample is consumed.     

江苏省溧阳市放射性水平调查

本文给出了2008—2009年江苏省溧阳市地表γ辐射剂量率、大气氡浓度、土壤和岩石中放射性核素水平、水中放射性核素水平的调查测量结果。调查结果表明,溧阳市地表γ辐射剂量率平均为78 nGy/h,溧阳火山盆地的外缘及庙西花岗岩接触带外延γ辐射剂量率较高(最高800 nGy/h);大气氡浓度平均为14.5 Bq/m^3;水中^(238)U、^(232)Th、^(226)Ra、^(40)K和总α、总β水平分别为6 mBq/L、0.085 mBq/L、17.1 mBq/L、212 mBq/L、0.028 Bq/L和0.146 Bq/L。该地区公众人均年本底剂量为1.175 mSv/a。     

岩石中稀土元素中子活化分析时Na、Sc、Fe Cr等干扰元素的去除

稀土元素的分离、分析,在地球化学、宇宙化学、环境化学等学科中起着极为重要的作用。近年来,国内外利用高分辨率γ谱仪中子活化分析法测定岩石中稀土元素的报道很多,虽然对放射化学分析流程都在不同程度上有所改进,但对超基性岩石中大量存在的~(24)Na、~(46)Sc、~(59)Fe和~(51)Cr等核素的去除,解决被测元素γ谱之间相互干扰(包括重峰干扰和康普顿本底干扰)     

INVESTIGATION ON TRACE ELEMENTS IN CRUDE OILS AND ORGANIC MATERIALS EXTRACTED FROM OIL-FORMING SOURCE ROCKS IN CHINA WITH INAA

A combination of Soxhlet extraction, column chromatography and INAA with GC and GC- MS was used in this work for the study of the abundance patterns of 36 trace elements and their correlation in nearly 100 samples of crude oil and organic materials extracted from oil- forming source rocks from 10 main Chinese oilfields. The low V/Ni ratios of 0.01 to 0.3 state the oil- forming continent environment. The geochemical significance hinted from other trace element abundances is also briefly discussed.     

Radiation Balance in Nuclear Power Growth with BREST-1200 and VVÉR-1000 Reactors

The role of irradiated VVÉR-1000 and RBMK-1000 fuel and irradiated fuel from foreign PWRs in the strategy for growth of future nuclear power production up to 300 GW using BREST-1200 reactors as the main component is examined. The growth time up to 300 GW varies in different variants from 90 to 180 yr. Analysis of the dependence of the potential biological hazard of the wastes on the holding period, taking account of the migrational characteristics, taken by comparing the retainment coefficients of elements in rocks, shows that the time for reaching a balance between the potential biological hazard of the wastes and the raw materials at the end of the period of growth of nuclear power production lies in the range 1–1.5 thousand years. The time to reach radiation equivalence is short at the initial stages of growth and increases gradually; this requires gradual improvement of the fuel reprocessing technology with fewer elements going into the wastes.     

超声雾化等离子体光谱法测定钍中稀土

本文报导了超声雾化等离子体光谱法测定核纯二氧化钍中痕量稀土。基体钍与痕量稀土分离方法有萃取法、离子交换法和反相色层法,其中萃取法比较简便快速。本文采用在HNO3体系中以D2EHPA-TBP-OK协同萃取钍、分离稀土,用NH4CNS、磺基水杨酸隐蔽干扰稀土测定的杂质即Fe、Cu、Ca、Al、Mg,然后调pH为5.5,用PMBP-苯萃取稀土,4N HC1反萃,ICP-AES法测稀土,用钇作内标,此分析法灵敏度高,速度快。1.仪器和试剂 PGS2型二米平面光栅摄谱仪;GP3.5D1高频等离子体发生器;CW1超声波发生器;双层水池雾化器;可     

Application of nuclear analytical techniques to trace elements in Cenozoic basalt and their mantle xenoliths from Aershan area in Inner Mongolia, China

Basaltic samples from different locations in Aershan area determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) have the same distribution patterns of REE and trace elements. The similar REE contents of the same minerals without inclusions from different xenolith suggest that the mantle source region under different active volcanoes have the same composition. The REE content differences between the same minerals with and without melt inclusions selected from the same mantle xenolith indicate that the melt inclusions are rich in REE. The same patterns of trace elements of inclusions and host minerals from different xenolith analyzed by SRXRF suggest that the mantle fluid has no notable heterogeneity in Aershan area.     

Three-dimensional dynamic response modeling of floating nuclear plants using finite element methods

A modelling technique which can be used to obtain the dynamic response of a floating nuclear plant (FNP) moored in an artificial basin is presented. Hydrodynamic effects of the seawater in the basin have a significant impact on the response of the FNP and must be included. A three-dimensional model of the platform and mooring system (using beam elements) is used, with the hydrodynamic effects represented by added mass and damping. For an essentially square plant in close proximity to the site structures, the three-dimensional nature of the basin must be considered in evaluating the added mass and damping. However, direct solutions for hydrodynamic effects with complex basin geometry are not, as yet, available. A method for estimating these effects from planar finite element analysis is developed.First, added mass and damping values are obtained from plane-strain finite element models of vertical cross sections through the platform. Fluid finite elements are used to model the seawater. For added mass calculations, the planar models include the platform cross section, the basin profile and the seawater in the basin. For hydrodynamic damping calculations, the planar model includes the platform cross section, the seabed and seawater, infinite in horizontal extent. Added mass and damping values are obtained for each significant mode of platform response. Estimates of three-dimensional added mass and damping are then obtained through combinations of the planar values. The release of the planar contraints of seawater motion and the reflection of gravity waves back to the platform are considered. Effective damping values applicable, on an average, for the entire response time are calculated for each plant mode of response. Since added mass and damping are frequency dependent, the selection of values to be used for a specific loading condition is usually an iterative process.The accuracy of the planar finite element model in obtaining two-dimensional added mass and damping is shown through comparison with existing and documented results. In addition, a comparison is shown for open ocean added mass and damping with a three-dimensional solution using velocity potential functions. It is concluded that the overall technique results in a reasonable and conservative calculation of the dynamic response of the floating nuclear plant.