基于颜色空间变换的遥感图像去厚云方法

由于气候条件等因素,获取清晰无云的大面积遥感图像几乎不可能。在所获取的遥感图像中常含有大量的厚云完全遮盖了地表的实际地物情况。提出了一种基于遥感自动分类和颜色空间变换的多时相遥感图像厚云去除方法。实验结果表明,该方法不但能够去除厚云,而且能够很好地校正不同时相遥感图像间的颜色和亮度差异。     

基于多时相光谱和物候特征的陕西省神木县地物遥感分类研究

开展了时间序列Landsat TM/ETM遥感影像定量化处理与相对辐射校正,提取了陕西神木县不同地物光谱和NDVI物候特征,结合时间序列NDVI物候特征和多时相光谱信息,采用了地表覆盖的决策树分类算法,实现了陕西神木县地物的高精度遥感分类,包括水体、沙地、城镇、耕地、林地、草地及灌丛等7类地物,分类总体精度达95.77%,Kappa系数达0.93。研究结果表明,基于多时相光谱和物候特征的决策树分类算法能够有效集成多时相、多光谱信息,从而克服了单时相影像分类的缺陷,实现了地物的分类。论文研究方法和结果能够为三北防护林区域的生态环境监测与评估提供技术支持。     

综合像素级和特征级的建筑物变化检测方法

针对单独使用像素级变化检测或特征级变化检测对于高层建筑物检测精度低的问题,提出了一种结合像素级和特征级的建筑物变化检测方法。首先对多个时相的遥感图像进行基于比值法的像素级变化检测,得到包含建筑物变化的候选区域,在候选区域上再进行基于建筑物特征的变化检测。该方法首先利用基于Delaunay三角网约束的快速配准算法配准两个不同时相的多光谱图像,利用建筑物的变化会导致建筑物所在局部区域的纹理分布和色调发生变化的特点,提取对辐射差异和配准误差鲁棒的纹理和色调特征进行变化检测。实验结果表明,该方法可以有效提高建筑物变化检测正确率,降低虚检率。     

多时相Landsat影像地表亮温辐射归一化方法

使用多时相遥感数据进行景观变化检测往往要求这些遥感数据能保持辐射一致性,但实际获取遥感数据时由于传感器性能、大阳照度几何和大气状态的变化,多时相遥感数据的辐射一致性无法保持。鉴于多时相遥感数据实际应用时需要实施相对辐射归一化操作,以南京市主城区1992年、1998年、2003年、2007年和2011年5景Landsat TM热红外波段数据为源数据,反算亮温图像并与8个地面气象站采集的实时温度数据建立回归模型,反演地表温度图像,然后采用伪不变特征相对辐射归一化方法和多元变化检测相对辐射归一化方法对5期地表温度数据做归一化处理,分级操作后评价南京市热岛效应的变化特征,最后通过引入统计特征参数均方根误差和变异系数,评价两种相对辐射归一化方法的优劣。结果表明:经过两种归一化方法调整后的数据均有利于对南京市热岛效应的分析;在后续的热岛效应分析中,多元变化检测相对辐射归一化法处理后的影像优于伪不变特征相对辐射归一化处理的影像;多元变化检测归一化法克服了人工选取样本点中存在的主观因素,但其计算相对较复杂。     

方向矢量法在城市土地利用变化检测中的应用

城市土地利用变化检测为城市规划和管理提供有用信息。但是目前很多变化检测方法都离不开人工干预,其结果在一定程度上依赖于人的经验。方向矢量法是将多时相遥感数据中不同地物类型间的光谱差异利用方向矢量反映在多维空间中,进而建立类型转换模型。该方法避免了依赖人的经验所带来的不便和误差,并且简单、直观、易操作。通过对北京奥运村地区高分辨率遥感影像的检测,分析了方向矢量检测法在城市土地利用变化检测中的应用。     

多时态BIT遥感图像建筑物的变化检测

针对来自相同地理空间的不同时刻遥感图像之间的季节性和光度变化(色差)等因素所引起的干扰, 提出了多时态-BIT遥感图像变化检测方法. 该方法引入了过去多个不同时刻的遥感图像, 融合当前遥感图像与过去时态遥感图像两两变化检测的结果, 该方法有助于排除季节性和光度变化引起的误报, 提高了变化检测的准确性; 并且利用过去多个不同时刻的遥感图像, 进一步消除非目标建筑变化的影响, 其变化点像素差值引入作为损失函数正则化项, 从而进一步提高变化检测的鲁棒性和可靠性. 本文以三时态(3个不同时刻的遥感图像)为例, 使用了遥感图像建筑物变化数据集进行了实验. 实验结果表明, 多时态-BIT方法相对于仅考虑两个时态的变化检测方法, 在遥感图像建筑物变化检测任务中表现出更好的效果.     

用基于相对辐射校正的TM影像监测绍兴土地覆盖变化

基于绍兴市1984年和1997年的两期TM影像，用相对辐射校正方法将1997年的影像校正到1984年的辐射水平上，消除多时相遥感影像问地物的辐射差异，对两期影像分别做最大似然分类，构建覆盖转移矩阵，将分类图分析运算构建覆盖变化分类混淆矩阵，并结合土地覆盖变化的驱动因子，分析得出，绍兴土地覆盖变化主要因素是城镇的扩展及人们饮食结构的变化。     

利用指数熵的多时相遥感影像变化检测方法

针对像素级变化检测法中变化阈值的提取不够自动化和准确化,导致变化检测结果精度不高的问题,提出一种利用双阈值指数熵的多时相遥感影像变化检测方法。该方法首先采用差值法构造2个时相遥感影像的差异影像;其次采用双阈值指数熵的方法确定差异影像的最佳变化阈值,并将其用于分割差异影像,得到变化区域。采用客观评价法对变化检测结果进行精度评定。选择我国鄱阳湖局部区域2个时相的遥感影像进行试验,并与基于模糊C均值的变化检测方法进行对比。通过试验,所提出方法变化检测精度达94.22%,是一种有效、可行的变化检测方法。     

基于异常区域感知的多时相高分辨率遥感图像配准

在对多时相高分辨遥感图像进行配准时,由于成像条件差异,图像间存在的地物变化与相对视差偏移两类典型异常区域会影响配准精度。针对上述配准中存在的问题,提出一种基于异常区域感知的多时相高分辨率遥感图像配准方法,包括粗匹配和精配准两个阶段。尺度不变特征变换（SIFT）算法考虑到尺度空间属性,不同尺度空间提取的特征点在图像中对应不同大小的斑块,高尺度空间提取的特征点对应图像中的大斑点,其对应地物相对稳定、不易发生变化。首先,利用SIFT算法提取高尺度空间特征点完成图像快速粗匹配;其次,利用灰度相关性度量对图像块进行相对偏移量统计分类以感知视差偏移区域,同时结合空间约束条件,确定低尺度空间特征点的有效提取区域以及匹配点搜索范围,完成图像精配准。实验结果表明,将该方法用于多时相高分辨遥感图像配准,可有效抑制异常区域对特征点提取的影响进而提高配准精度。     

遥感动态监测中的相对辐射校正方法研究

本文从遥感动态监测实际出发,提出利用图像差值与质量控制相结合的方法选取不变特征点(PIF),较好地克服了样本选择的主观性,得到样本的相关系数达到98%以上,采用最小二乘法求解线性关系式,对待校正图像的灰度值进行线性变换,使两幅图像上同名地物具有相同辐射值,实现遥感动态监测中多时相遥感图像的辐射归一化.     

Fusion of multisensor multitemporal satellite data for land cover mapping

Efficient integration of remote sensing information with different temporal, spectral and spatial resolutions is important for accurate land cover mapping. A new temporal fusion classification (TFC) model is presented for land cover classification, based on statistical fusion of multitemporal satellite images. In the proposed model, the temporal dependence of multitemporal images is taken into account by estimating transition probabilities from the change pattern of a vegetation dynamics indicator (VDI). Extension of this model is applicable to Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images and integration of multisensor multitemporal satellite images, concerning both temporal attributes and reliability of multiple data sources. The feasibility of the new method is verified using multitemporal Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and ERS SAR satellite images, and experimental results show improved performance over conventional methods.     

Object-based land cover change detection for cross-sensor images

Accurate and timely land cover change detection at regional and global scales is necessary for both natural resource management and global environmental change studies. Satellite remote sensing has been widely used in land cover change detection over the past three decades. The variety of satellites which have been launched for Earth Observation (EO) and the large volume of remotely sensed data archives acquired by different sensors provide a unique opportunity for land cover change detection. This article introduces an object-based land cover change detection approach for cross-sensor images. First, two images acquired by different sensors were stacked together and principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to the stacked data. Second, based on the Eigen values of the PCA transformation, six principal bands were selected for further image segmentation. Finally, a land cover change detection classification scheme was designed based on the land cover change patterns in the study area. An image–object classification was implemented to generate a land cover change map. The experiment was carried out using images acquired by Landsat 5 TM and IRS-P6 LISS3 over Daqing, China. The overall accuracy and kappa coefficient of the change map were 83.42% and 0.82, respectively. The results indicate that this is a promising approach to produce land cover change maps using cross-sensor images.     

Assessment of radiometric correction techniques in analyzing vegetation variability and change using time series of Landsat images

The homogeneity of time series of satellite images is crucial when studying abrupt or gradual changes in vegetation cover via remote sensing data. Various sources of noise affect the information received by satellites, making it difficult to differentiate the surface signal from noise and complicates attempts to obtain homogeneous time series. We compare different procedures developed to create homogeneous time series of Landsat images, including sensor calibration, atmospheric and topographic correction, and radiometric normalization. Two seasonal time series of Landsat images were created for the middle Ebro Valley (NE Spain) covering the period 1984–2007. Different processing steps were tested and the best option selected according to quantitative statistics obtained from invariant areas, simultaneous medium-resolution images, and field measurements. The optimum procedure includes cross-calibration between Landsat sensors, atmospheric correction using complex radiative transfer models, a non-lambertian topographic correction, and a relative radiometric normalization using an automatic procedure. Finally, three case studies are presented to illustrate the role of the different radiometric correction procedures when analyzing and explaining gradual and abrupt temporal changes in vegetation cover, as well as temporal variability. We have shown that to analyze different vegetation processes with Landsat data, it is necessary to accurately ensure the homogeneity of the multitemporal datasets by means of complex radiometric correction procedures. Failure to follow such a procedure may mean that the analyzed processes are non-recognizable and that the obtained results are invalid.     

Linear and kernel methods for multivariate change detection

The iteratively reweighted multivariate alteration detection (IR-MAD) algorithm may be used both for unsupervised change detection in multi- and hyperspectral remote sensing imagery and for automatic radiometric normalization of multitemporal image sequences. Principal components analysis (PCA), as well as maximum autocorrelation factor (MAF) and minimum noise fraction (MNF) analyses of IR-MAD images, both linear and kernel-based (nonlinear), may further enhance change signals relative to no-change background. IDL (Interactive Data Language) implementations of IR-MAD, automatic radiometric normalization, and kernel PCA/MAF/MNF transformations are presented that function as transparent and fully integrated extensions of the ENVI remote sensing image analysis environment. The train/test approach to kernel PCA is evaluated against a Hebbian learning procedure. Matlab code is also available that allows fast data exploration and experimentation with smaller datasets. New, multiresolution versions of IR-MAD that accelerate convergence and that further reduce no-change background noise are introduced. Computationally expensive matrix diagonalization and kernel image projections are programmed to run on massively parallel CUDA-enabled graphics processors, when available, giving an order of magnitude enhancement in computational speed. The software is available from the authors' Web sites.     

MODIS数据在测量地物辐射亮度和反射率特性中的应用

以往用户利用 MODIS数据研究最多的领域是区域以至全球尺度的环境变化 ,而利用 MODIS数据来定量测量地物参数 (如辐射亮度和反射率 )的研究却很少 ,这主要是因为 MODIS数据的空间分辨率低 ,容易造成像元不纯从而影响到数据的精度。但是由于 MODIS数据作为目前光谱辐射精度最高的遥感数据源 ,对于探索遥感定标以及定量遥感具有重要意义。如果所研究地物面积匹配于 MOIDS数据的空间分辨率时 ,那么 MODIS无疑是最好的数据源之一。本文详细讨论了 MODIS数据参数定标原理和在测量地物辐射亮度和反射率中的应用 ,并用 L andsat- 7数据作为参考 ,验证了 MODIS用来测量地物参数的可行性。     

Digital change detection with the aid of multiresolution wavelet analysis

This Letter presents the preliminary findings of a new approach to deal with misregistration effects on change detection results. A multiresolution analysis with wavelet transforms applied to image differencing results enabled the extraction of changed sites according to size classes. Changes of interest were pinpointed successfully without the necessity of accurate spatial registration or radiometric rectification while differences not related to land cover changes were bypassed. The method's applicability is demonstrated with a multitemporal data set of Landsat MSS and TM images for the detection of deforestation and new areas of rock exploitation in south-eastern Brazil.     

面向对象的土地覆被变化检测研究

运用面向对象的方法进行土地覆被变化检测,利用遥感数据光谱信息、纹理特征、拓扑关系,在多尺度分割获得对象的基础上,构建了变化矢量方法和向量相似性的检测方法,两种检测方法均成功检测出了所选取实验区的土地覆被变化信息。结果表明:对于同一区域同一时相的两期影像的面向对象变化检测,两种方法的总体精度都在80%以上,但变化矢量方法(CVA)精度要高于向量相似性方法。因此,在进行土地覆被变化检测时可以优先考虑变化矢量方法(CVA)。     

A remote sensing?GIS evaluation of urban expansion and its impact on surface temperature in the Zhujiang Delta,China

The Zhujiang Delta of South China has experienced a rapid urban expansion over the past two decades due to accelerated economic growth. This paper reports an investigation into the application of the integration of remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) for detecting urban growth and assessing its impact on surface temperature in the region. Remote sensing techniques were used to carry out land use/cover change detection by using multitemporal Landsat Thematic Mapper data. Urban growth patterns were analysed by using a GIS-based modelling approach. The integration of remote sensing and GIS was further applied to examine the impact of urban growth on surface temperatures. The results revealed a notable and uneven urban growth in the study area. This urban development had raised surface radiant temperature by 13.01 K in the urbanized area. The integration of remote sensing and GIS was found to be effective in monitoring and analysing urban growth patterns, and in evaluating urbanization impact on surface temperature.