论圆柱度(二)

6圆柱度的最小区域评定法圆柱度的最小区域评定法目前有两大类，一类是用各种优化法进行逐步逼近计算~［13］［15］［16］［17］另一类则是按照统一的形状误差最小区域判别准则找出满足该准则的特征占~［20］－［27］。关于前者本文不想多加评述，关于后者各文虽有不同，但他们的一个共同点是建立在文献~［7］的作者提出的“凸分析理论”~［26］基础上。6．1应用“凸理论”评定最小区域圆柱度~［20］～［27］［22］指出形状误差都可用下式表示F（v;ω）＝f（v）＋ω~tk（v）（17）式中：V为形成变量，表示形成各种表面形状所需的独立变量；…     

单光子波长转换首次实现

美国国家标准和技术研究院（NIST）10月15日表示,科学家首次将量子源（半导体量子点）产出的波长为1300纳米的近红外单光子转换成波长为710纳米的近可见光光子。这种单光子波长（或颜色）转换的实现有望帮助开发出拥有量子通信、量子计算和量子计量的混合型量子系统。     

The Nature of Light

The wide distribution of the energy unit of a photon hνwith regard to infrared,visible light, ultraviolet,Gamma rays and X rays suggests that photons are not the elementary particles,and each of the photons consists of N micro-photons［１］of egual mass．We find that the product of the wavelengthλof photons and N（λ）is an invariantζ＝N（λ）λ［２］．Then a new interpretation of Plack’s constant and wave-particle duality was formed based on the Micro-photon theory．That the wavelengthλof photons is but the distance interval between two adjacent Micro-photons and frequencyνrepresents the number of Micro-photons emitted per unit time．Guided by spatial structure of N number Micro-photons,the present paper in addition deduces it is invariably true that c＝λνdefincted in all inertial frames is an invarient．Now,the Principle of of light Velocity invariant by Einstein is no longer a hypothesis,but a fact．However,the survey results of the wavelength and frequency differ sometimes in different inertial frames,which will probably challenge the Principle of Relativity．In addition the formulas of aperture difraction,refraction and reflectron conducted．     

强光滑Banach空间的充要条件

本文的主要结论为，实Ｂａｎａｃｈ空间Ｘ是强光滑的当且仅当时任给ｘ０∈Ｓ（Ｘ），都存在ｐ，ｑ＞０，ｐ＋ｑ＝１使这里ｕｎ，νｎ∈Ｓ（Ｘ）∩Ｂ（ｘ０，ｒ）且ｕｎ≠νｎ，（ｎ＝１，２，…）．本文的结论比文［１］—［６］及［６］好。     

Brown单的鞅刻画

本文给出了Ｂｒｏｗｎ单的鞅刻画：Ｂ是轴上为零的连续适应过程，则Ｂ为Ｂｒｏｗｎ单的充要条件是，（Ｂｚ），（Ｂｚ２－ｓｔ）均为两指标局部鞅，其中ｚ＝（ｓ，ｔ）．这一结果比１９８１年Ｍ．ｚａｋａｉ在文［１］中给出结果深刻，也完全类似于单指标Ｌｅｖｙ定理（参见［２］）。     

超光速研究的量子力学基础

量子力学为超光速的研究带来了希望与可能。为检验EPR论文所做的实验显示,景象背后有某种东西比光进行得更快。量子隧道效应对超光速研究有重大意义,有关理论和实验研究都证明,人为地使一个光子或一个脉冲以超光速行进是绝对能做到的事;预期把等离子体用作位（势）垒时也会发现超光速现象;建议用实验研究物质波粒子（如电子）通过位（势）垒时将会发生的情况。     

球体型面的测量与评定(三)

７．６计算实例７．６．１整球计算实例［８］之例是一整球例,此例在［１２］中也有计算。其原始数据在６．３表１中已给出,按表２方法３计算最小二乘球心,其球心坐标ｘｏ＝１９．９８９３μｍ,ｙｏ＝２．４７２４μｍ,ｚｏ＝０．５０９６μｍ。各点对此心的半径偏差列在表３上。按大小顺序选大、小点各５个,它们是（３,１１）,（３,１０）,（３,１２）,（３,９）,（３,８）及（６,９）,（６,８）,（６,１０）,（１,１０）,（１,９）,它们分别在１,３,６三个截面上。在３截面上求最小外接圆,其圆心为ｘｏ＝·２…     

紧邻广义简单排它过程的遍历定理

研究了具有状态空间为｛０．１…，ｍ｝￣ｓ和具有紧邻转移概率矩阵Ｐ＝（Ｐ（ｘ，ｙ））ｘ，ｙ∈ｓ的广义简单排它过程的极限状况。用基本耦合方法证明了如果过程的初始分布μ是平移不变的且是遍历的，则它的极限分布是状态空间上的乘积测度。这个结果推广了Ａｎｄｊｅｌ［１］中的定理１．２．并且部分推广了［３］中的定理１．１１。     

一类偶数阶带偏移项的微分方程的振动解

本文给出了偶数阶带有偏移项的微分方程Ｌｎｘ（ｔ）＋ｐ（ｔ）ｆ（ｘ［ｈ（ｔ）］）＝０（ｎ是偶数）解是振动解的若干个充分条件。     

Styan不等式的推广

设ｘ为ｎ×１单位向量，Ａ为ｎ×ｎ正交阵，Ｓｔｙａｎ［１］证明了这里λ１和λｎ为Ａ的最大和最小特征值。本文的目的是将上式的ｘ推广为ｎ×ｐ矩阵Ｘ，即证明了，对一切满足Ｘ′Ｘ＝Ｉｐ的矩阵ｘ和正定阵Ａ这里ｎ＞２ｐ，λ１≥…≥λｎ为Ａ的特征值，ｔｒ（Ａ）表示方阵Ａ的迹。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.