两种WC基涂层在600 ℃下的摩擦学性能

采用超音速火焰喷涂技术制备了WC-(W,Cr)2C-Ni和WC-17Co两种涂层,评价了两种涂层在高低温快速交变条件下的热震性能,并使用SRV摩擦磨损试验机考察了两种涂层从室温到600℃时与Si3N4球配副时的摩擦磨损性能.结果表明:WC-(W,Cr)2C-Ni涂层的抗热震性能远优于WC-17Co涂层;WC-17Co涂层虽具有较低的磨损率,但是高温下涂层中产生大量裂纹及发生因严重氧化而导致的硬度下降,表明该涂层不适于作为400℃以上的耐磨材料;尽管WC-(W,Cr)2C-Ni涂层的磨损率比WC-17Co涂层大,但仍属于微量磨损,且其具有优异的抗高温氧化性能和抗热震性能,所以该涂层非常适于作为高温或宽温域下的耐磨材料.     

含MoS2的超音速喷涂WC-10Co-4Cr复合涂层摩擦性能研究

利用超音速火焰喷涂方法,以WC-10Co-4Cr为基体,添加MoS2以制备WC- 10Co-4Cr/MoS2自润滑复合涂层;对比分析了添加不同含量MoS2涂层的微观组织结构和物相;重点进行了摩擦磨损试验,研究润滑相MoS2对超音速喷涂WC涂层摩擦学特性的影响机理.研究结果表明:引入的MoS2一少部分转化成新态,其余则进入WC涂层空隙中,在摩擦过程中形成润滑膜起到润滑作用,并有效地降低了摩擦因数,使摩擦磨损过程中温升降低,有效减少热损伤,提高了涂层的耐磨性能;WC-10Co-4Cr/MoS2复合涂层具有很好的自润滑性,w(MoS2)15％时WC-10Co-4Cr/MoS2复合涂层的摩擦磨损性能最佳.     

超音速火焰喷涂WC-10Co4Cr涂层的耐滑动磨损行为

采用超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)工艺制备微米结构WC-10Co4Cr涂层,分别采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和滑动磨损设备分析涂层的微观结构和滑动磨损行为。结果表明:采用液体煤油燃料HVOF喷涂的微米结构WC-10Co4Cr涂层的脱碳程度较低,涂层中仅出现WC和W2C相,而无η相(Co3W3C、Co6W6C)以及软相W。涂层微观结构致密,孔隙率约为1%,平均显微硬度为1 322HV0.3;在相同试验条件下,WC-10Co4Cr涂层的摩擦因数(约0.8)高于不锈钢(1Cr18Ni9Ti)的摩擦因数(约0.5),其滑动体积损失量仅为不锈钢涂层的1/146,具有优异的抗滑动磨损性能。涂层在滑动磨损过程中首先是粘结相的脱落,然后是WC颗粒的磨损。     

Ag含量对NiMoAl基涂层宽温域自润滑性能的影响

为了提高运动部件在宽温域(尤其是高温)条件下的润滑和耐磨性能,采用大气等离子喷涂(APS)技术在不锈钢基材上喷涂制备了三种Ag含量分别为0、10%和30%(质量分数)的NiMoAl-Ag固体自润滑涂层。利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、CSM摩擦磨损试验机、三维光学轮廓仪等设备,对涂层的组织结构和在20～800℃时的摩擦磨损机制进行了分析。结果表明:NiMoAl-Ag涂层呈现致密的显微结构和均匀的组份分布;NiMoAl-Ag涂层在20～800℃时的摩擦因数随着Ag含量的增加而显著下降,含有30%Ag的NiMoAl-Ag涂层在800℃的摩擦因数降至0.12。但是,Ag含量的增大会降低涂层在20～400℃的耐磨性;当温度进一步升高到600℃和800℃时,Ag的加入却可以明显提高涂层的耐磨性。进一步分析涂层的润滑机理表明:涂层中的Ag含量增大可以在高温摩擦界面形成液态Ag和Ag_2MoO_4润滑釉质层的协同润滑作用,使得涂层具有较低的摩擦因数和磨损率。APS制备的NiMoAl-Ag涂层具有优良的宽温域自润滑性能,通过复配合适的增强相有望提高其中低温耐磨性能,是一种极有潜力的新型宽温域耐磨自润滑涂层材料。     

等离子喷涂WC-10Co-4Cr涂层的组织演变与抗腐蚀磨损性能

为提高不锈钢表面的抗腐蚀耐磨损性能,利用等离子喷涂的方法制备了2种晶粒尺寸的WC-10Co-4Cr涂层,采用SEM及EDS、XRD表征了涂层的组织和物相结构,进行了不同温度下的摩擦磨损试验,研究分析了晶粒尺寸对涂层组织与摩擦性能的影响。研究表明:WC-10Co-4Cr涂层微观结构中包含WC、W2C、W6Co6C,还存在Co/Cr(W,C)、W2(C,O)相;微米涂层中存在析出的W2C沿WC颗粒表面外延生长的包覆结构,而纳米WC涂层中,团聚粒子沿扁平粒子边界收缩,减少了扁平粒子内部的垂直贯穿裂纹。在室温和200℃时,纳米WC-10Co-4Cr涂层的摩擦系数与平均磨损率均优于微米涂层。纳米WC-10Co-4Cr涂层在室温磨损的机制为硬质颗粒诱发的犁削磨损,在200℃时为以粘着磨损为主与微域犁削相结合的磨损形式。在3.5%NaCl溶液中的电化学特性显示,WC-10Co-4Cr涂层将1Cr18Ni9Ti基体的腐蚀电位由–612m V提高到–317～–252 mV,腐蚀倾向得以减弱。     

在H13钢上超音速火焰喷涂制备WC-10Co-4Cr和Cr_3C_2-25NiCr涂层的性能比较（英文）

在H13钢基体上采用超音速火焰喷涂方式制备一定厚度的WC-10Co-4Cr和Cr_3C_2-25NiCr涂层。为了增加WC-10Co-4Cr涂层的热稳定性,在涂层和基体之间加喷了NiCr喷涂粉末。研究了这两种硬质合金涂层的表面及横截面的微观形貌、抗热震性和耐磨损性能。从热力学的角度解释了两种涂层中出现的碳扩散现象。Cr_3C_2-25NiCr涂层的结合强度(64.40 MPa)和WC-10Co-4Cr涂层的结合强度(61.69 MPa)基本相同。通过摩擦磨损试验研究发现,两种涂层在600℃的摩擦因数均比在500℃时的小,Cr_3C_2-25NiCr的耐磨损性能比WC-10Co-4Cr的要好。     

WC颗粒对WC-10Co-4Cr涂层结构演变与性能的影响

为提高不锈钢表面的抗腐蚀耐磨损性能,利用等离子喷涂的方法制备了两种晶粒尺寸的WC-10Co-4Cr涂层,采用SEM、XRD表征了涂层的物相结构,在不同温度下进行了摩擦磨损试验,研究分析了晶粒对涂层微观结构与摩擦性能的影响。研究表明：相比较,纳米WC-10Co-4Cr涂层微观结构中包含WC、W₂C,还存在Co/Cr(W, C)的γ相,未发现微米涂层中析出的W2C将沿WC颗粒表面外延生长的包覆结构,而且纳米团聚粒子更容易沿扁平粒子边界收缩,明显减少了粒子内部的垂直贯穿裂纹。在室温和200℃时,纳米WC-10Co-4Cr涂层摩擦系数与平均磨损率均优于微米涂层。与微米涂层相比较,纳米WC-10Co-4Cr涂层在室温磨损的根源在于硬质颗粒诱发的犁削磨损,在200℃时为以粘着磨损为主的微域犁削相结合的磨损模式。并在3.5%NaCl溶液中将1Cr18Ni9Ti基体的腐蚀电位由-617mV提高到-335~-290mV,降低了腐蚀倾向。     

AC-HVAF制备WC-10Co-4Cr涂层抗磨粒磨损性能研究

采用活性燃烧高速燃气(AC-HVAF)喷涂工艺制备了WC-10Co-4Cr涂层,测试了涂层的结合强度、显微硬度、气孔率以及抗磨粒磨损性能。并利用XRD对喷涂粉末及涂层进行了相结构分析,用扫描电子显微镜对喷涂粉末、磨粒磨损后的涂层表面形貌进行了观察。结果表明:在喷涂过程中,仅有很少量的WC发生合金化。涂层的结合强度和显微硬度高,组织结构致密。在相同的实验条件下,16Mn钢的磨粒磨损质量损失是WC-10Co-4Cr涂层的266倍,这表明HVAF制备的WC-10Co-4Cr涂层具有优异的抗磨粒磨损性能。     

超音速等离子与超音速火焰喷涂WC-10Co4Cr涂层的性能及磨损机理

采用超音速等离子喷涂和超音速火焰喷涂分别制备了WC-10Co4Cr金属陶瓷涂层,表征和分析了WC-10Co4Cr涂层的物相组成、微观组织结构,进行了硬度、孔隙率、结合强度及560和1120 r/min下的磨损对比试验。结果表明,超音速等离子喷涂制备的涂层的综合性能与超音速火焰喷涂制备的涂层性能相当。在560 r/min下磨损10 h,超音速等离子喷涂制备的涂层与基体的磨损量比为1∶122.15,超音速火焰喷涂制备的涂层与基体的磨损量比为1∶138.36,涂层的磨损机制主要表现为磨粒磨损。在1120 r/min下磨损10 h,超音速等离子喷涂制备的涂层与基体的磨损量比为1∶109.53,超音速火焰喷涂制备的涂层与基体的磨损量比为1∶127.44,涂层的磨损机制主要表现为磨粒磨损和疲劳磨损。     

超音速火焰喷涂金属陶瓷涂层与电镀硬铬在盐雾气氛下的腐蚀-磨损机制研究

航空和海洋工程的关键部件在遭受磨损的同时受到海洋苛刻气氛的腐蚀破坏,而采用超音速火焰喷涂（HVOF）金属陶瓷涂层已成为一种新兴防护技术。为考察碳化物类金属陶瓷涂层的在海洋气氛下的抗腐蚀与抗磨损性能,采用超音速火焰喷涂技术制备了WC-10Co4Cr和Cr3C2-NiCr两种典型的金属陶瓷涂层,采用自制的盐雾喷射腐蚀-磨损装置,研究涂层的腐蚀-磨损行为,同时与传统的硬铬镀层作对比,并采用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDAX)等表征试样的腐蚀磨损形貌特征。结果显示,在干燥大气环境下铬镀层主要表现为黏着-磨损机制,Cr3C2-NiCr涂层同时表现出黏着-磨损与磨粒-磨损机制,而WC-10Co4Cr则表现为单纯的磨粒-磨损。施加盐雾气氛后,试样表面形成有液态膜,摩擦系数与磨损量均有所下降。盐雾气氛下增大摩擦副的载荷压力,Cr3C2-NiCr涂层的磨损量增加很快,而WC-10Co4Cr涂层的磨损机制发生转变,磨损量出现不增反降现象。     

20Cr2Ni4A钢表面WC增强铁基涂层耐磨性能的研究

目的 制备优异的耐磨性涂层用于机械零部件表面,可有效地提高其使用寿命,减少机械设备因磨损失效而带来的各类故障.方法 以20Cr2Ni4A合金钢为基体材料,利用激光熔覆技术,制备了铁基涂层和铁基/WC复合涂层.采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、HV-1000显微维氏硬度计,分别对铁基涂层和铁基/WC复合涂层的相组成、组织形貌、显微硬度进行表征.利用HRS-2M型高速往复摩擦磨损试验机对铁基涂层和铁基/WC复合涂层的磨损性能进行研究,并分析其磨损机理.结果 两种涂层的显微硬度与基体相比改善较大,其中铁基/WC复合涂层改善最为明显,表面平均硬度值为610HV.以直径为6 mm的GCr15对磨球为摩擦副,铁基涂层的平均摩擦因数为0.53左右,磨损量为0.1432 mm3,而铁基/WC复合涂层的平均摩擦因数为0.36左右,磨损量为0.05935 mm3,与铁基涂层相比,20Cr2Ni4A合金钢表面结合铁基/WC复合涂层的硬度提高了17％左右,磨损量减小了58.6％,具有良好的耐磨损性能.结论 铁基/WC复合涂层因其表面存在W2C、WC、Fe3C等物相,能够均匀分布在铁基涂层上作为耐磨骨架,显著提高了涂层的硬度和耐磨性能.     

等离子喷涂制备WC-Co-Cu-BaF2/CaF2自润滑耐磨涂层及其高温摩擦性能

通过大气等离子喷涂方法,使用自制的含有WC-Co、Cu和BaF2/CaF2共晶体的复合喷涂粉末,制备出WC-Co-Cu-BaF2/CaF2自润滑耐磨涂层。在200℃、400℃和600℃下进行WC-Co-Cu-BaF2/CaF2涂层和WC-Co涂层的高温摩擦试验,用扫描电镜观察涂层磨损表面微观形貌。结果表明:200℃时,由于WC-Co-Cu-BaF2/CaF2涂层摩擦产物层中含有的WC硬质颗粒引起磨粒磨损,该涂层摩擦因数和磨损率相对较高。而400℃和600℃时,WC-Co-Cu-BaF2/CaF2涂层的摩擦产物层中均无WC颗粒存在,且由于涂层中Cu和BaF2/CaF2等固体润滑剂的作用,生成的摩擦产物层光滑且致密,涂层的摩擦因数和磨损率均较低,在400～600℃下表现出比WC-Co涂层优异的耐磨性能。     

Friction and wear behavior of the PVD (Zr,Ti)N coated cemented carbide against 40Cr hardened steel

(Zr,Ti)N hard coatings were deposited on WC/TiC/Co cemented carbide by multi arc ion plating. Friction and wear behavior of the (Zr,Ti)N coatings against 40Cr hardened steel were evaluated using a ball-on-disk tribometer. The friction coefficients and wear rates were measured with varying applied loads and sliding speeds. The results showed that the friction coefficient increased with the increase of the applied load, and decreased with the increase of sliding speed. The wear rate decreased with both increasing applied load and sliding speed. The wear mechanism of the coatings at low friction loads was mild abrasive wear and flake while brittle fracture and flake at high applied loads. The wear mode of the (Zr,Ti)N coatings changed from adhesive wear and brittle fracture to mild abrasive wear as the sliding speed increased. The EGC coating which presents a graded distribution of coefficient of thermal expansion shows best wear resistant properties, in particular at high load and sliding speed conditions. Cracks, flakes and delamination fracture of the coatings were observed. The major failure mechanisms of the coatings are flaking and delamination.     

高速电弧喷涂含稀土FeMnCrNiAl/Cr3C2复合涂层的组织与耐磨性能

利用高速电弧喷涂技术在20钢表面分别制备了含稀土和不含稀土的FeMnCrNiAl/Cr3C2涂层。结合光学显微镜、显微硬度、场发射扫描电子显微镜、能谱分析等分析方法对喷涂层的微观组织、显微硬度、结合强度、常温滑动摩擦磨损、高温冲蚀磨损等性能进行研究。结果表明:FeMnCrNiAl/Cr3C2涂层具有较高的结合强度、显微硬度和耐磨性能,加入稀土能降低涂层摩擦系数、提高涂层常温滑动磨损和高温冲蚀磨损性能。     

等离子喷涂制备WC-Co-Cu-BaF_2/CaF_2自润滑耐磨涂层及其高温摩擦性能

通过大气等离子喷涂方法,使用自制的含有WC-Co、Cu和BaF2/CaF2共晶体的复合喷涂粉末,制备出WC-Co-Cu-BaF2/CaF2自润滑耐磨涂层。在200℃、400℃和600℃下进行WC-Co-Cu-BaF2/CaF2涂层和WC-Co涂层的高温摩擦试验,用扫描电镜观察涂层磨损表面微观形貌。结果表明:200℃时,由于WC-Co-Cu-BaF2/CaF2涂层摩擦产物层中含有的WC硬质颗粒引起磨粒磨损,该涂层摩擦因数和磨损率相对较高。而400℃和600℃时,WC-Co-Cu-BaF2/CaF2涂层的摩擦产物层中均无WC颗粒存在,且由于涂层中Cu和BaF2/CaF2等固体润滑剂的作用,生成的摩擦产物层光滑且致密,涂层的摩擦因数和磨损率均较低,在400～600℃下表现出比WC-Co涂层优异的耐磨性能。     

Tribological Performance of TiB2-Ni Composite Coating Deposited by APS

TiB2-Ni composite powders were prepared by pressurized hydrogen reduction cladding with different proportion of TiB2.The coatings were then prepared by APS.The microstructures and the phase composition of the powders as well as the deposited coatings were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The coatings were tested using a ring-on-disc tribometer from ambient temperature to 300°C.A sprayed Cr3C2-NiCr coating was tested as a reference.The morphologies of the worn surface of the coatings were observed and analyzed.It is found that the TiB2-Ni composite coatings present higher friction coefficient than that of the Cr3C2-NiCr coating at room temperature due to the adhesive wear mechanism,whereas the main wear mechanism of Cr3C2-NiCr coating is rupture and exfoliation.However,at high temperature,the friction coefficient of the TiB2-Ni composite coating decreases as a result of B2O3 solid lubricant,which alleviates the adhesive wear on coatings.Furthermore,the TiB2-Ni composite coating greatly reduces the mass loss of the boron cast iron.     

Comparison of tribological properties of industrial low friction coatings

MX2(M= Mo, W; X=S, Se) and DLC (a-C: H and WC/C) are the two kinds of typical low friction coatings widely used in industry. The friction and wear properties of these two kinds of coatings marked as MOVIC,MOST, MoSez/Ni, WSez, a-C: H and WC/C coatings were determined by fretting tests in ambient air of different humidity. The results show that the coefficient of friction of MXz coatings increases when the relative humidity of air increases whereas the coefficient of friction DLC coatings decreases with the increasing of relative humidity. MOVIC and WSe2 coatings have a poor friction and wear resistance because of non-basal planes (100) and ( 101 ) parallel to the surface in the MOVIC coating, or the rough and porous surface of WSe2 coatings. Among these six coatings, MoSe2/Ni and WC/C eoatinas have the highest wear resistance which seems to be unaffected by the relative humidity.     

Effect of Atmospheric Plasma Spraying Power on Microstructure and Properties of WC-(W,Cr)2C-Ni Coatings

WC-(W,Cr)₂C-Ni coatings were prepared by atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) with different spraying powers. The effect of spraying power on microstructure, phase composition, hardness, fracture toughness, and oscillating dry friction and wear behaviors of the coatings were studied. Simultaneously, the microstructure and properties of the as-sprayed coatings were compared with those of WC-17Co coating prepared under the optimal spraying power. It was found that spraying power had significant effect on the molten degree of feedstock powder and phase composition as well as microstructure and properties of WC-(W,Cr)₂C-Ni coatings. WC-(W,Cr)₂C-Ni coating deposited at a moderate spraying power of 22.5?kW had the highest fracture toughness and the best wear resistance. WC-17Co coating obtained under the moderate spraying power had poor fracture toughness and wear resistance. Moreover, the four kinds of coatings were all dominated by subsurface cracking and removal of materials when sliding against Si₃N₄ ball under unlubricated conditions.     

Microstructures and mechanical properties of FeCoCrNi high entropy alloy/WC reinforcing particles composite coatings prepared by laser cladding and plasma cladding

FeCoCrNi HEA coatings with 20% mass fraction of WC reinforcing particles were prepared by two different cladding methods, laser cladding (LC) and plasma cladding (PC). The microstructure of HEA matrix and WC particles of LC and PC coatings were discussed respectively. For HEA matrix, dendritic morphology was observed in both coatings. For WC particles, a few granular (Cr,W)₂C carbides around WC particles in LC coatings, and a large number of crystal and fishbone Fe₃W₃C carbides around WC particles in PC coatings. Mechanical properties as hardness and wear resistance of the two kinds of coatings were also investigated. The interstitial solution strengthening effect of C element is stronger in PC coating, and the hardness of HEA matrix in LC coatings is twice that of in PC coating, which shows a strong retention force on WC particles. The friction coefficient of LC coating is lower and stable, with the volume wear rate of 0.7 × 10⁻⁵ mm⁻³/N·m, showing high wear resistance. PC coatings have poor wear resistance due to decarbonization and oxidation of WC particles and reduction of retention force of HEA matrix, with the volume wear rate of 8.29 × 10⁻⁵ mm⁻³/N·m. The wear mechanism of both coatings were also discussed.