融合安全的网格依赖任务调度双目标优化模型及算法

为了解决异构网格环境下依赖任务调度问题面临的安全威胁,综合考虑网格资源节点的固有安全性和行为安全性,分别构建了一个网格资源节点身份可靠性度量函数和行为表现信誉度评估策略.同时,为了确立任务安全需求与资源节点安全属性之间的隶属关系,定义了安全效益隶属度函数,从而建立一个网格任务调度的安全融合模型.以此为基础,提出一个时间-安全驱动的双目标优化网格依赖任务调度模型.为了求解该模型,处理任务间约束关系时引入深度值和关联耦合度的排序定义,再结合网格任务调度问题的具体特点,重新定义和设计新的粒子进化方程.同时,基于均匀分布向量和粒子浓度定义了选择策略,从而提出一种双目标优化的网格依赖任务调度粒子群进化算法,并运用概率论的有关知识证明算法的收敛性.最后,对所提出的离散粒子群进化算法进行了多角度分析和大规模仿真实验,其仿真结果表明,该算法与同类算法相比,不仅具有较好的收敛速度和单目标优化性能,而且在任务调度长度和安全满意度方面具有更好的双目标优化综合性能.     

网格环境下基于信任模型的动态级调度

网格用户、资源和服务的不确定性潜在地影响网格应用任务的正常执行,这样使得设计既能减小应用任务执行时间又能减小欺骗可能性的调度算法十分困难．参考社会学的人际关系信任模型,建立网格节点信任推荐机制,并利用D-S理论对推荐证据进行综合分析,从而定义出基于不确定性推理理论的信任度计算函数．将该函数并入DLS算法得到“可信”动态级调度算法(TDLS),从而在计算调度级别时考虑网格节点的可信程度．仿真结果证实,提出的TDLS算法以小的时间花费为代价,能有效提高任务在信任方面的服务质量需求．     

基于改进遗传算法的网格任务调度算法

网格任务调度是一个NP完全问题,它关注大规模的资源和任务调度,要求采用的调度算法能够具有高效性.遗传算法被证明是解决这类小规模问题的有效算法,随着任务数和资源数的增加,遗传算法表现出慢速收敛的缺点.为了克服其缺点,提出将Min-min算法与遗传算法相结合的改进遗传算法,从而设计出很好的选择和交叉算子,提高了算法搜索能力和收敛速度.仿真结果表明该算法能更有效解决网格任务调度问题.     

网格环境下安全约束的资源调度研究

提出了一个网格信任模型,用主观逻辑理论进行信任值的推导、综合。针对现有网格任务调度算法存在的问题,设计了一种任务和资源安全等级匹配的调度算法。通过安全需求对资源进行筛选,并使它满足最早完成时间。仿真实验表明,与传统经典网格任务调度算法比较,该算法提高了任务成功率,减少了任务完成时间,是网格环境下一种有效的资源调度模型。     

网格环境下一种基于Bayes信任模型的动态级调度算法

提出了一种基于信任机制的任务调度模型,该模型通过借鉴社会学中的信任机制,建立网格节点间的信任关系,利用Bayes方法对节点的可信度进行评估,将节点的可信度并入DLS算法得到可信动态级调度(Trust-DLS)算法.仿真结果证实,提出的Trust-DLS算法能有效提高应用任务在可信方面的服务质量需求.     

基于网格资源超图模型的可信任务调度

网格任务调度是当前重要的研究领域。网格环境具有动态性、异构性等特点,网格资源的处理性能和稳定性都是影响到任务调度顺利完成的重要因素。为了获得更小的任务完成时间,该文根据网格环境的特点,建立了网格资源超图模型,在该模型基础上对资源按性能进行聚类,并提出一种可信任务调度算法GRHTS。模拟实验结果表明,该基于网格资源超图模型的可信任务调度算法优于同类算法,是一种有效的网格任务调度算法。     

基于模糊聚类思想的网格独立任务调度算法

任务调度是网格研究的核心问题之一,在研究网格任务调度问题的基础上,利用模糊聚类思想提出将网格任务与资源进行混合模糊聚类的网格独立任务调度算法,该算法将最适合的资源分配给与之相适应的任务,即尽量将任务调度到恰好满足其需求的资源上执行,从而把综合能力大大超过当前任务的资源“预留”给将来的任务使用,算法具有良好的性能和负载均衡效果,为网格任务调度提供一种新的思路。     

遗传算法在网格任务调度的应用研究

研究了网格任务调度问题.针对传统任务调度算法在网格环境下存在不能很好地平衡节点负载和满足用户服务质量需求等缺点,导致网格系统负载极不均衡,调度效果低.为了提高网格任务调度的效果,提出一种基于遗传算法的网格任务调度方法.将网格任务编码成种群中的个体,网络任务目标作为遗传算法的适应度函数,通过遗传算法的强全局搜索及交叉、变异操作,获得最优的任务调度方案.仿真结果表明,采用遗传算法进行网格任务调度可以减少系统总执行时间和任务完成时间,提高了资源调度效率,使网格系统负载均衡度更好,在网格任务调度具有广泛的应用前景.     

一种基于多维QoS约束的网格作业调度算法

任务调度是实现高性能网格计算的一个重要方面,然而,由于网格资源的动态性、异构性等特征,设计高性能的任务调度算法是一项非常有挑战性的工作,该问题已被证明是一个NP难题。文章中提出了一种新的任务调度算法,该算法根据任务QoS约束以及计算资源性能指标,建立任务调度的线性模型,并根据任务的需求和偏好,从线性模型中得到最优的任务分配方案。模拟实验结果表明：对大量独立任务进行调度时,该算法在满足用户需求方面优于其它算法。     

基于动态遗传算法的网格计算任务调度

针对网格任务调度的动态特性,提出一种改进的遗传算法——动态遗传算法(DGA),设计了新的编码机制和适应度函数,以及相应的选择、交叉和变异算子。根据网格系统各服务节点的计算能力、负载及网络状态进行动态调度,不仅使总的完成时间最短,尽量使主机的空闲时间最短,同时满足每个任务的截止时间的要求。在OPNET环境中构建了一个局部网格仿真模型,对所提出的动态遗传算法进行了仿真实验,并与其他常见网格任务调度算法进行了对比,结果表明动态遗传算法具有很好的优化能力,提供了较好的服务质量。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。