两座90m高冷却塔控制爆破拆除

介绍了复杂环境下采用控制爆破拆除技术成功爆破拆除两座90m高冷却塔的工程实例。通过在倒塌方向塔身布置10m高卸荷槽和三角形定向窗组成的复合切口,并对预处理后冷却塔稳定性进行校核,确定合理的爆破参数和起爆网路,仅对24对人字柱实施爆破拆除,实现了冷却塔边倾倒边解体。同时采取开挖减振沟和铺设缓冲垫层等安全防护措施,使冷却塔倒塌触地振动得到有效控制,取得了理想的爆破效果,可为同类工程提供参考。     

复杂环境61 m高双曲线冷却塔拆除爆破

为成功拆除复杂环境下1座61 m高的冷却塔,根据其周边环境及结构特点,采用定向倒塌方案。首先采用机械方法开设定向窗和减荷槽,随后对19对人字柱进行爆破,使用毫秒延时爆破技术,控制单段起爆药量,成功完成拆除爆破。对拆除爆破后冷却塔的倒塌情况进行分析,冷却塔按照设计方向倒塌,解体完全,爆破振动以及触地振动控制在合理范围之内。爆破后周边民房、办公室等设施未损坏,证明本次拆除爆破效果良好,达到了预期效果,可为类似工程提供参考。     

复杂环境61m高双曲线冷却塔拆除爆破

为成功拆除复杂环境下1座61 m高的冷却塔,根据其周边环境及结构特点,采用定向倒塌方案.首先采用机械方法开设定向窗和减荷槽,随后对19对人字柱进行爆破,使用毫秒延时爆破技术,控制单段起爆药量,成功完成拆除爆破.对拆除爆破后冷却塔的倒塌情况进行分析,冷却塔按照设计方向倒塌,解体完全,爆破振动以及触地振动控制在合理范围之内...     

竖向切缝在高大冷却塔拆除爆破中的作用

介绍了广东省茂名市某热电厂1座123.2m高冷却塔的爆破拆除。通过竖向切缝,用以减弱塔身的整体刚性,加大其失稳条件,促使塔体倾倒和加强解体破碎效果。对冷却塔爆破切口和竖向切缝进行了爆破设计,对冷却塔的倒塌过程进行了数值模拟与结果分析。工程实践表明,切口上部的竖向切缝对冷却塔的加速倒塌、减小振动和控制爆堆范围等方面都有一定的作用。本工程提供的经验可供类似工程参考。     

2座110m高双曲线冷却塔爆破拆除

介绍了复杂环境下2座110 m高冷却塔的爆破拆除.采用预开定向窗、减荷槽、爆破支撑立柱的定向倒塌方案而使冷却塔定向倾倒.通过精心设计和施工取得了扭曲破碎完全、倾倒落地彻底、爆破危害控制好的成功经验,可为类似爆破工程提供参考.     

发电厂双曲线型冷却塔的定向爆破拆除及爆破效果数值分析

针对复杂环境下92 m高待拆除双曲线型冷却塔,采用矩形爆破切口、预开定向窗、简化爆破切口和预留支撑墙的定向爆破拆除方案,达到了预期的爆破效果。运用动力有限元软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA对冷却塔的爆破拆除倒塌过程进行了数值模拟,进一步验证爆破拆除方案。数值模拟结果和实际爆破效果对比分析表明,使用ANSYS/LS-DYNA模拟冷却塔的倒塌过程比较符合实际的爆破拆除过程,并可为更好地优化爆破拆除设计方案提供一定的参考。     

两座100m高薄壁结构冷却塔控制爆破拆除

根据冷却塔高、质量大、壁厚薄以及周围环境复杂等特点,制定了安全可靠的爆破方案。通过采用高卸荷槽复式切口爆破拆除技术,选择合适的爆破参数,采取合理的预处理措施和相应的安全防护措施,对两座100m高薄壁结构冷却塔成功实施了控制爆破拆除。降低了冷却塔爆破振动效应,实现了冷却塔爆破拆除精准定向。振动测试结果显示,冷却塔爆破拆除产生的振动速度均在安全允许范围内,证实了振动控制措施的有效性和实用性,可为同类爆破拆除工程提供参考。     

两座100m高薄壁结构冷却塔控制爆破拆除

根据冷却塔高、质量大、壁厚薄以及周围环境复杂等特点,制定了安全可靠的爆破方案。通过采用高卸荷槽复式切口爆破拆除技术,选择合适的爆破参数,采取合理的预处理措施和相应的安全防护措施,对两座100m高薄壁结构冷却塔成功实施了控制爆破拆除。降低了冷却塔爆破振动效应,实现了冷却塔爆破拆除精准定向。振动测试结果显示,冷却塔爆破拆除产生的振动速度均在安全允许范围内,证实了振动控制措施的有效性和实用性,可为同类爆破拆除工程提供参考。     

预拆除对薄壁双曲型冷却塔爆破拆除的影响

针对贵阳发电厂内冷却塔是由钢筋混凝土构成的薄壁双曲型圆筒,具有底部直径大,垂直高度高,塔壁外部没有施工条件且周边环境较为复杂的特点,采用预拆除技术,以确保冷却塔爆破拆除顺利实施并取得良好的效果。预拆除技术主要由3个部分组成:冷却塔内部支撑、倒塌方向薄壁的减荷槽以及倒塌反向的泄压窗。通过理论计算设计出正梯形爆破切口的参数,在人字形柱上同时采用开设减荷槽(13个)的方法,来保证冷却塔筒壁在倒塌过程中的屈服破碎效果,为了进一步减小爆炸冲击波对冷却塔筒壁的破坏作用,在倒塌方向的反方向开出一个2m×4m的矩形泄压窗。根据现场实验结果和冷却塔整体爆破效果,预拆除技术对薄壁双曲型冷却塔爆破起到了良好的作用,达到了冷却塔整体失稳倒塌,精确定向以及整体不下坐的效果。     

预拆除对薄壁双曲型冷却塔爆破拆除的影响

针对贵阳发电厂内冷却塔是由钢筋混凝土构成的薄壁双曲型圆筒,具有底部直径大,垂直高度高,塔壁外部没有施工条件且周边环境较为复杂的特点,采用预拆除技术,以确保冷却塔爆破拆除顺利实施并取得良好的效果。预拆除技术主要由3个部分组成:冷却塔内部支撑、倒塌方向薄壁的减荷槽以及倒塌反向的泄压窗。通过理论计算设计出正梯形爆破切口的参数,在人字形柱上同时采用开设减荷槽(13个)的方法,来保证冷却塔筒壁在倒塌过程中的屈服破碎效果,为了进一步减小爆炸冲击波对冷却塔筒壁的破坏作用,在倒塌方向的反方向开出一个2m×4m的矩形泄压窗。根据现场实验结果和冷却塔整体爆破效果,预拆除技术对薄壁双曲型冷却塔爆破起到了良好的作用,达到了冷却塔整体失稳倒塌,精确定向以及整体不下坐的效果。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from