The optimal production and quality policy for the vendor in a trade

Arranging an inspection schedule for the production process and taking inspection and burn-in tests to screen out defective items in a production lot before items are shipped to the buyer are widely used by the vendor, such that the defective percentage in an outgoing batch satisfies the quality requirement specified in the contract between them. For an inspection schedule, the number of inspections and the length of time intervals between two inspections are influential to both the precision of detecting the manufacturing process and the inspection cost. As to the inspection test, it is not perfect, so there are two types of errors (Types I and II). Nevertheless, compared with inspection test, burn-in is usually costly. Hence, how to make a suitable trade-off between these three treatments (i.e., inspection schedule, inspection test, and burn-in test) such that the outgoing batch satisfies the purchaser's quality requirement with low cost is an important issue. The main purpose of this paper is to deal with the problem of determining the optimal inspection schedule and the optimal mixed policy of inspection and burn-in, where the average outgoing quality is used as the measure of quality. More specifically, by using the criterion of maximizing the expected profit that the vendor makes in a trade, a nonlinear programming problem is built to determine (a) the number of inspections undertaken in the production process, (b) the times at which the production process is inspected, (c) the total number of items that the vendor should produce (or the production run time), (d) the number of items for inspection, the number of items for burn-in, and the number of items that need neither inspection or burn-in, and (e) the optimal burn-in time for those needing burn-in testing. An example is provided to illustrate the proposed method.     

On the inspection policy of a two-component parallel system with failure interaction

In this paper we study a two-component standby system which can successfully operate upon a demand if at least one component is not failed. We assume that failures can be detected only by periodic inspections. We consider that the failure of one component can modify the (conditional) failure probability of the component still alive with probability p and do not interact with probability 1−p. For that failure interaction scheme we obtain the system reliability function for the case of staggered inspections. We compare staggered and non-staggered inspections through numerical examples considering constant hazard rates.     

浅议出口商品运输包装检验监管模式

对检验检疫机构以往的出口包装检验监管模式进行分析,结合出口包装的特点,提出了切实可行的出口商品运输包装检验监管模式,以使检验检疫机构充分适应"大通关"要求.     

输油气钢管腐蚀渗漏原因分析

某油井钢管使用不到一年即发生渗漏。采用化学分析、力学性能测试、金相及超声波检验和电镜能谱分析等方法，对渗漏钢管进行了分析。结果表明，该钢管实为焊管，不是技术规范所要求的无缝钢管。加上该焊管的焊接质量较差，加速了输送介质对焊管的腐蚀，最终导致焊管短期内发生渗漏。     

金属丝材混丝的检测方法

根据金属的温差热电势原理，提出了金属织网中丝材混丝的检测方法，并运用ＴＰ－８０１单板机研制开发了微机混丝检测仪，可实现同时检测１６０根丝材。把该仪器用于织网的整经工序中，避免了网材的混丝事故。     

铁路液氯罐车的综合分析和技术评定

对超期服役的铁路罐车技术评定应在常规检测的基础上，侧重于焊缝质量检查(无损探伤)、罐体材质检查(主要通过硬度测试)、壁厚测定及强度校核。从经济角度考虑，不优选采用应力测试手段。检验结果表明，该罐体的安全状况等级评定为2级，仍可继续使用。但考虑到其已使用的年限，其大修周期定为3年。     

厂内机动车辆综合检测车的数据采集系统

介绍厂内机动车辆综合检测车的数据检测采集系统。该检测系统采用ATmega16L单片机作为主控制器,可完成国家质检总局目录规定的各种场车的综合检测。系统符合产品化通用设计规范,能够适应现场检测需要,检测自动化程度高,极大了减轻了检验员的工作强度,提高检验工作效率。     

无损检测（NDT）技术综述

尽管NDT技术具有独特的优越性,但也有其某些缺点,所以不可能用它完全代替传统的检验技术（例如化学分析、金相检验、机械性能检验等）,而应当将两者适当地结合起来,互相补充。     

浅谈家电产品监督抽查工作中的抽样环节

本文对监督抽查工作的定义及抽样要求进行介绍，通过对抽样环节中发现的问题进行分析，提出在新形势下做好抽样工作的建议。     

起重机械接地保护方式的识别与检验方法

文章主要论述了对起重机械接地保护的识别和检验方法,从相关法规、供电方式、概念解释、系统图解、检验方法等方面进行详细解释,以便于检验人员理解和掌握,能够在现场对起重机械接地保护方式检验过程中发现缺陷,并指导企业如何整改。     

材料测试技术与材料科学

以内耗测量揭示贝氏体相变机制和ｆｃｃ（γ）→ｈｃｐ（ε）马氏体相变的特性为例，说明测试对发展材料科学的重要性。     

扫描电镜及X射线能谱仪在首饰镀层检测中的应用

采用扫描电镜及X射线能谱仪对首饰镀层进行了检测,并对两种方法进行了比较.结果表明,镀铑首饰采用无损检测法较合适,而镀金首饰采用破坏性检测法较合适.     

Methodology of using delay-time analysis for a manufacturing industry

This paper has been written to give a methodology of applying delay-time analysis to a maintenance and inspection department. The aim is to reduce downtime of plant items and/or reducing maintenance and inspection costs, taking into account the possible environmental impact of a failure in terms of cost, both to the company and the environment. The paper also attempts to give a subjective measure of the consequences of such a failure in terms of cost to the environment, in monetary value to the company and the damaging effect to the company image.     

An inspection model for a process with two types of inspections and repairs

This paper considers a problem often met in practice. A production process may be subject to two types of deteriorations. The first is a shift in product quality caused by minor process defects that may be identified and rectified by routine inspections and repairs. The second is a major defect caused by a major mechanical or electrical problem that can be observed only when the defect has led to a breakdown of the process or the defect is revealed by a major inspection followed by an appropriate major repair action at the time of the inspection. We formulated an inspection model for the above problem and aimed at optimising the inspection intervals for both types of inspections. A numerical example is given to demonstrate the applicability and solution procedure of the model.     

A Sequential Scheme for Estimating Average Quality in a Mixed Product Production Process

A production process is assumed to produce k types of items in varying proportions and with varying defect rates. This paper proposes a sequential inspection plan which allows one to optimally allocate inspection resources so that one obtains a good estimate of average quality. The plan is fairly easy to put into practice and allows for easy modification should production characteristics change.     

浅谈提高质量检验机构综合能力

本文从福建省中心检验所的发展历程,探讨分析提高质量检验检测机构综合能力的途径。