脂肪酸单乙醇酰胺组分的测定

脂肪酸单乙醇酰胺用作泡沫稳定剂(增泡剂)和作为生产非离子表面活性剂的原料,是由一乙醇胺在180℃时与脂肪酸反应,蒸去水而制得。作为该反应的副产物有单乙醇胺和别的似胺化物、脂肪酸     

脂肪酸单乙醇酰胺合成工艺研究

在55℃下以氢氧化钾KOH为催化剂,单乙醇胺和由大豆酸化油制取的混合脂肪酸甲酯为原料合成了环境友好型表面活性剂—脂肪酸单乙醇酰胺。55℃的低温抑制了副反应,得到色泽很浅的产品。分别考察了反应温度、投料比(脂肪酸甲酯与单乙醇胺物质量比)、反应时间和催化剂量(基于脂肪酸甲酯质量)等对合成反应的影响。结果表明,添加一定量的去离子水并进行简单过滤即可将产品混合物中不溶于水的脂肪酸单乙醇酰胺和完全溶于水的原料单乙醇胺有效分离。单乙醇胺水溶液减压蒸馏除去水后可循环使用。在反应温度55℃,投料比为1:5,反应时间4 h和KOH用量1.5%质量分率的条件下,脂肪酸甲酯单程转化率达到98%。结合实验数据提出了酰胺化反应机理。产品经红外光谱分析确定为脂肪酸单乙醇酰胺。     

混合脂肪酸单乙醇酰胺的性能测定

文章考察了混合脂肪酸单乙醇酰胺的游离乙醇胺含量、发泡力、增溶力、缓蚀能力和清洗能力等性质,并和大豆油酸单乙醇酰胺的相关性质进行了对比,结果说明混合脂肪酸单乙醇酰胺比大豆油酸单乙醇酰胺具有更好的泡沫性能、增溶力和缓蚀能力,但乳化力较差,两者清洗能力相当。故在工业级别的应用中替代价格价高的大豆油酸单乙醇酰胺是可行的。     

OMSS的增粘功能

脂肪酸酰胺化合物用作液体洗涤剂的增粘剂,椰油酸二乙醇酰胺比油酸二乙醇酰胺脂肪链短,所以水溶性好.但增粘效果不如油酸二乙醇酰胺.脂肪链长相同.单乙醇酰胺比二乙醇酰胺增粘效果好,但融点高、需加热配料.冬季气温下降会使单乙醇酰胺析出,造成产品浑浊沉淀.为改变这一缺陷.有的加成环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷;也有用单异丙醇胺取代单乙醇胺等,结果融点虽下降,但有的增粘效果不理想.在油酸单乙醇酰胺的基础上合成的OMSS,在O℃也能透明溶于水中.增粘效果优于常用的6501.     

棕榈基乙醇酰胺表面活性剂的合成与性能

用工业棕榈油甲酯分别与单乙醇胺、二乙醇胺在氢氧化钾催化下合成棕榈基单乙醇酰胺和棕榈基二乙醇酰胺,其最高产率分别为92.2%和89.0%。与椰油基二乙醇酰胺相比,两者表面张力与乳化力性能相近,但棕榈基二乙醇酰胺泡沫性能较差。添加癸酸二乙醇酰胺可改善棕榈基二乙醇酰胺的泡沫性能,当n(癸酸二乙醇酰胺)∶n(棕榈基二乙醇酰胺)=1∶2.5复配时,泡沫高度提高1倍,与椰油基二乙醇酰胺的泡沫高度相当。     

棉油酸二乙醇酰胺

由于椰子油价格飞涨,本文介绍了一种以棉籽油为原料制备烷醇酰胺的方法。将精炼棉籽油所剩皂脚进行皂化、盐析、酸解、蒸馏等工艺制得棉油酸,经酯化、缩合得到棉油酸二乙醇酰胺。产品性能大体上优于椰油酸二乙醇酰胺,而成本降低了约2000元/t。     

单乙醇脂肪酰胺的合合成及性能

以辛酸，癸酸，月桂酸，肉豆蔻酸，棕榈酸，硬胆酸和油酸为原料分别与单乙醇胺反应，合成了一系列单乙醇脂肪酰胺，上述产品经重结晶提纯后，测定了系列单乙醇脂肪酰胺对w(AES)=10%和w(Ninol)=3%等表面活性剂水溶液体系的增稠，泡沫性能和珠光效果，研究表明，各种意志乙醇脂肪酰胺可以分别用异丙醇，水，丙酮和石油醚重结晶，单乙醇脂肪酰胺为白色片状晶体，C12－C18的单乙醇脂肪酰胺有较好的增稠性能，其中单乙醇油酰胺最好，单乙醇月桂酰胺对体系发泡与稳泡有明显的促进作用，单乙醇硬脂酰胺在体系中有很好的珠光效果。     

菜籽油烷醇酰胺的合成及性能测定

以菜籽油脂肪酸甲脂为原料,分别与乙醇胺和二乙醇胺在碱性条件下反应,合成脂肪酸单乙醇酰胺、1∶1型脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺和1∶2型脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺,并对这三种烷醇酰胺进行系统的性能测试。结果表明由菜籽油脂肪酸甲脂合成的脂肪酸单乙醇酰胺的胺值低、乳化性好和cmc低,但起泡性、润湿性和钙皂分散力较差;1∶1型脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺乳化性和钙皂分散力较好,但水溶性和起泡性较差;1∶2型脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺乳化效果差,胺值高,但起泡性和润湿性较好。三种烷醇酰胺性能不尽相同,为表面活性剂开发和生物柴油的综合利用探索了一条新的途经。     

椰油脂肪酸单乙醇酰胺的合成

本文简单介绍了椰油脂肪酸单乙醇酰胺（ＦＭＡ）的性能、应用及国内外的情况,比较了ＦＭＡ的各种合成路线,着重阐述了椰油酸甲酯与单乙醇胺反应合成ＦＡＭ的工艺条件,给出了较优化的投料比、反应温度、反应时间、催化剂种类及用量等工艺参数,还考察了真空及充Ｎ２保护对酰胺化反应及产品质量的影响。     

洗发水用表面活性剂技术发展概况（续完）

<正>8广泛使用的辅助表面活性剂椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱和椰油基甜菜碱是洗发水产品中最常用的两性辅助表面活性剂。椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱是目前应用最广泛的,其通常以30%水溶液的形式获得[60]。大多数商品级的椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱含有大约7%的氯化钠,2%～3%的甘油和小于1%的羟基乙酸[60]。当其与烷基醚硫酸盐组成混合物时,商品级椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱中大量的盐通常会有利于粘度的构建。某些商品级椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱中残留的甘油是由于这些产品是由甘油三酸酯直接制得的,而不是由脂肪酸制得(后者得到不含甘油的品级)。在烷基醚     

Über die Möglichkeiten der Raffination von Sonnenblumenöl mittels Molekulardestillation

The Possibilities of Refining Sunflower Oil with Molecular Distillation The experiment on the deacidification of sunflower oil with molecular distillation was extended to the total refining of the oil. The elimination curve of cold pressed oil is determined, the region of deacidification found out, the distillates and the residues, obtained after distillation, analysed and also the vitamine-E contents of the same are examined. The possibility of refining the cold pressed oil by repeated distillations in a small laboratory apparatus as well as in a semi-industrial plant was studied. The sunflower oil can be refined by molecular distillation in a one step process even at 40° to 50° C. At this temperature, the acid value of the oil remains under 1 and the peroxide value under 10.     

Fractionation of urea-pretreated squid visceral oil ethyl esters

Ethyl esters of squid (Illex argentinus) visceral oil contained 11.8% eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 14.9% docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The esters were treated with urea to increase the contents of EPA and DHA. The non-urea complexing ethyl esters of squid visceral oil contained 28.2% EPA and 35.6% DHA. This mixture was fractionated by molecular distillation to further increase the EPA or DHA content. The fraction collected in the 110°C distillate had an EPA content of 39.0% with 0.26 g/100 g of cholesterol, while the 130°C distillate contained 65.6% DHA and 0.42 g/100 g of cholesterol. Ethyl esters prepared from visceral oil of squid Ommastrephes bartrami had 4.5% EPA and 12.7% DHA. After urea pretreatment, the EPA and DHA contents were raised to 10.1 and 30.0%, respectively. When this mixture was further fractionated by molecular distillation, 16.9% EPA with 0.35 g/100 g cholesterol was found in the 110°C distillate and 52.6% DHA with 0.70 g/100 g cholesterol was found in the 130°C distillate. Cholesterol in the squid visceral oil ethyl esters was concentrated in the final residue of molecular distillation when the polyunsaturated ethyl esters were enriched by the urea complexation method prior to molecular distillation. For example, the cholesterol content in the ethyl esters from O. bartrami squid visceral oil was 2.28 g/100 g originally. It was enriched to 64.15 g/100 g in the final residue from the molecular distillation.     

磺化妥尔油酸胺的合成及润滑防锈性能研究

以硫酸、妥尔油酸和一乙醇胺为原料合成磺化妥尔油酸一乙醇胺,探讨了原料配比、反应温度、反应时间的最佳反应条件:妥尔油:硫酸:一乙醇胺=1:0.4:2,反应分二步进行,第一步反应温度、反应时间分别为40℃和5 h,第二步反应温度和反应时间分别为100℃和2 h.试用试验表明,产品具有优良的抗磨润滑及防锈性.     

马格齿轮泵在废润滑油分子蒸馏提纯行业的应用

利用分子蒸馏技术处置废润滑油提纯荩础油,分子蒸馏器物料排出需从高真空0～10 Pa到常压,普通的泵无法实现,瑞士马格齿轮泵根据不同物料的工艺参数量身定做,可以满足高真空条件下的分子蒸馏器物料排出,保障装置连续不断的把不同温度、粘度的组分输送到下一级设备和排出系统,与其他同类泵相比能够适合高真空进口压力,具有更高稳定性,...     

从玫瑰花渣中提取玫瑰精油的技术研究

玫瑰鲜花用水蒸气蒸馏提取玫瑰油后,玫瑰花渣中还残留相当多的玫瑰精油。新鲜的玫瑰花渣经离心脱水后,用有机溶剂浸提,经浓缩、纯化,得到浓缩液,然后用分子蒸馏分离,可将花渣中残留的玫瑰精油提取出来。分子蒸馏采用二级蒸馏法。分子蒸馏脱除残留溶剂时,预热温度40℃,真空度10Pa,蒸馏柱温度45℃,蒸馏速度1.0mL/min,刮膜机转速300r/min;分子蒸馏脱除高分子物质时宜采用预热温度60℃,冷却温度25℃,蒸馏柱温度120℃,真空度1.0Pa,蒸馏速度1.0mL/min,刮膜机转速300～350r/min。     

利用分子蒸馏技术再生废旧轧制油

重点介绍化工分子蒸馏技术原理,它是利用不同分子自由程差别来实现分离,是远离沸点的分离,区别于传统的化工蒸馏采用不同物质的沸点差实现分离;它是在传统蒸馏和真空技术发展基础上的一个创新技术,废旧轧制油是铝带箔生产企业在使用中被润滑油、液压油、机械杂质、水污染更换下来的废油。文章重点介绍利用分子蒸馏技术在再生废旧轧制油方面的成功运用。     

减压塔高温部位的腐蚀及耐蚀材料的选用

近年来,随着原油中酸值和硫含量的增高,常减压蒸馏装置减压塔的腐蚀情况越来越严重,高硫、高酸值原油对减压塔的腐蚀成为炼油企业亟待解决的一个重要问题。本文对减压塔高温部位的腐蚀类型和特性进行了分析,并从耐蚀材料的选择方面提出了相应的防腐对策。     

分子蒸馏富集海狗油中多不饱和脂肪酸

海狗油中富含多不饱和脂肪酸,如二十碳五烯酸(EPA)、二十二碳五烯酸(DPA)、二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)等。用分子蒸馏法对海狗油中多不饱和脂肪酸进行富集,通过控制适宜的温度和压力等条件,得到较为满意的分离效果。当进料速率为80 mL/h,预热温度为80℃,刮膜器转速为250r/min,蒸馏温度为120℃,压力为15 Pa时,经过一级分子蒸馏,得到EPA、DPA和DHA的总含量为54.86%(质量分数)的海狗油产品,收率为92.7%,并用气相色谱法测定了产品的脂肪酸组成。     

H.p.l.c. separation and g.c. characterization of polynuclear aromatic fractions of bitumen,heavy oils and their synthetic crude products

Characterization of bitumen, heavy oils, crude oil distillation residues and their processed products involves separation of the mixtures into several compound classes according to their molecular structure. However, these fractions are still very complex and often need further separation in order to get a better insight into their composition as well as the processing reactions involved in their upgrading. In this paper, the polynuclear aromatic fraction is divided into three subfractions by high performance liquid chromatography. Gas chromatography is then used to quantify these fractions and to determine their average molecular weight by a new method derived from simulated distillation. Crude oil distillation residues and their hydrocracked products are used to demonstrate this method.     

药用组分的分子蒸馏分离

INTRODUCTION The palmitoleic acid and 9,12-octadecadienoic acid contained in peanut oil are two kinds of useful pharmaceutical materials in a traditional Chinese medicine, which is used to treat many skin diseases[1-3], such as Verruca vulgaris and Codyloma acuminanta. However, the separation of the above-mentioned pharmaceutical compositions by conventional distillation is always undesirable:high operation temperature at which harmful decomposition reactions take place,residuel with offensive odor and scorch in reboiler. In this work, short path distillation (SPD) was used to separate the medicinal materials from peanut oil. The separation conditions were studied.