高酸原油脱酸技术的研究进展

分析了常规高酸原油脱酸工艺的不足,介绍了近几年国内外对高酸原油脱酸的新工艺方法,如离子液体原油脱酸、脱酸剂技术脱酸、高温热解脱酸等方法。新技术将对原油脱酸技术的发展起到一定的推动作用,其中咪唑型阳离子脱酸具有较大的应用前景。     

天然气脱酸技术探讨

随着开采难度的增加,原油及天然气的高酸值越来越大。为了能够降低原油及天然气中的高酸度值,通过化学法、物理法和其他方法进行脱酸操作,本文分别介绍了几种常见的脱酸技术:催化脱酸技术、醇氨法脱酸技术、碱法脱酸技术,经过HYSYS Dynamic模型分析了装置在应用需要注意的各种因素。     

天然气脱酸技术探讨

随着开采难度的增加,原油及天然气的高酸值越来越大。为了能够降低原油及天然气中的高酸度值,通过化学法、物理法和其他方法进行脱酸操作,本文分别介绍了几种常见的脱酸技术:催化脱酸技术、醇氨法脱酸技术、碱法脱酸技术,经过HYSYS Dynamic模型分析了装置在应用需要注意的各种因素。     

国内外高酸原油脱酸发展现状

近年来,随着常规原油资源日益减少和原油开采技术的提高,非常规原油的产量逐年增加。非常规原油的酸值一般较高,基本都属于高酸原油,高酸原油在加工的过程中会对设备造成严重的腐蚀,而且对石油产品的使用性能产生较大影响,因此,解决高酸原油加工问题具有重大的意义。介绍了国内外高酸原油脱酸的几种工艺,如碱洗脱酸、醇氨法脱酸、酯化脱酸、加氢法、热分解法等方法,并对各种方法进行了对比。     

从原油中脱除石油酸的技术研究

介绍了原油脱酸的研究背景,阐述了溶剂抽提脱酸技术、吸附分离脱酸技术、热分解脱酸技术、碱洗脱酸技术、金属氧化物脱酸技术、脂化脱酸技术、非临氢催化脱酸技术、加氢脱酸技术等脱除原油中环烷酸的技术,分析对比了各种脱酸技术的优劣.并介绍了抚顺石油化工研究院开展的加氢脱酸探索研究工作,试验结果表明,在较缓和的条件下,脱酸率高达95%,同时原油性质得到极大改善.     

高酸原油脱酸技术综述

含酸原油在世界原油产量中所占比例越来越大。原油中的酸性物质主要是环烷酸。环烷酸是一种宝贵的化工资料,目前还不能有效地进行人工合成,只能来自含酸原油的处理。环烷酸在原油集输处理与加工中,会带来诸多不利影响。为了解决了环烷酸在加工过程中的危害,开发了很多脱酸处理方法,但能够直接对原油进行脱酸处理的技术还处于起步阶段。"高酸原油化学脱酸技术"为高酸原油的脱酸处理起到示范与带动作用。     

高酸原油酯化脱酸催化剂的研究

酯化催化脱酸技术是目前一种新型的脱酸方法,以甲醇等醇类与原油中的环烷酸酯化生成环烷酸酯来达到脱酸的目的。本课题从温度、空速、醇油比、催化剂类型等方面对催化剂的脱酸效果作了研究,并对催化剂的再生,使用寿命,再生后的脱酸效果进行了实验。通过实验可得出,该催化剂应用于中海绥中36-1原油,在反应温度320℃、醇油比4w％、空速为1．0h^-1时可有效地降低酸值,使原油的酸值降低到0．55mgKOH／g以下。     

原油及馏分油脱酸技术进展

石油酸是原油和馏分油中普遍存在的腐蚀性物质,其主要成分为环烷酸并且含量可以高达90%以上。环烷酸具有羧酸的所有化学性质,所以常常造成严重的腐蚀,从而影响原油加工设备及油品使用设备的正常运行和使用寿命。随着近年来世界范围内高酸原油产量的逐渐增加,高原油及各种高酸值馏分油所带来的腐蚀与产品质量问题显得愈发严重,因此迫切需要开发出经济高效的脱酸技术与工艺路线。本文较为全面而详细地总结并评述了国内外原油及油品的各种脱酸技术方法。分析表明：目前所报道的各类脱酸工艺较多,其中工业应用的加氢脱酸效果虽好但是成本较高,而其他大多数脱酸方法都存在较多的缺点或不足,因此探寻一种绿色环保、经济高效并且具有较好普适性的油品脱酸工艺显得非常迫切而必要。酯化法脱酸具有加工工艺简单、不需要复杂的后继处理,几乎可以降低所有的高酸值原油和油品（轻质、重质馏分油以及渣油）的酸值,为原料油的进一步加工提供了方便。酯化脱酸工艺的关键在于高效催化剂的选择,而目前的催化酯化体系虽然脱酸率较高,但仍存在着反应时间较长的不足,相信通过反应过程强化等手段解决该问题以后,催化酯化脱酸工艺会被很快投入到原油及油品的脱酸实际工业生产中去。     

馏分油脱酸技术研究进展及前景

介绍了目前国内外馏分油脱酸技术的研究进展情况,比较各种技术的优缺点,针对当前原油性质,对企业应采用的脱酸技术提出了建议。     

从原油中脱除石油酸技术现状与研究进展

介绍了近几年来国内外发展起来的石油脱酸技术方法,其中重点介绍了碱洗脱酸技术、氨醇脱酸技术、加氢脱酸技术、热分解脱酸技术、溶剂抽提脱酸技术等除去油中环烷酸技术,分析对比了各种脱酸技术的优劣,并阐述了脱酸分离技术在国内外的研究现状及发展趋势。     

Deodorization and deacidification of edible oils with dense carbon dioxide

Near-critical carbon dioxide shows potential for extraction of free fatty acids, off-odors or flavors from edible fats and oils. Deacidification and deodorization of a simulated, roasted peanut oil with dense CO₂ was performed at various temperatures, pressures and extraction factors in a pilot-scale, packed extraction column with an i.d. of 2.86 cm and a height of 162 cm. Pyrazine and its derivatives are major components of roasted peanut aroma. At constant temperature and pressure, the distribution coefficient (m) for pyrazine derivatives was inversely related to the degree of substitution of methyl groups (molecular weight) and boiling point, that is, the solubility was directly related to the compounds volatility. CO₂ fluid-phase density alone could not explain the equilibrium solubility behavior of either fatty acids or pyrazines. At constant fluid-phase density, m for pyrazine derivatives decreased with increasing pressure and temperature, while that for fatty acids increased. At 20 MPa pressure, increasing the temperature from 47 to 57°C increased m for pyrazines, but decreased m for fatty acids, indicating that the system was within the retrograde region for fatty acids. Free fatty acid solubility was inversely related to chainlength and, in the supercritical region, directly related to the degree of unsaturation. Deodorization is mass-transfer-controlled, and deacidification is thermodynamically constrained. The efficient deodorization and deacidification of an actual crude oil pressed from roasted peanuts was accomplished by extraction with CO₂ at 47°C and 20 MPa. Extraction with carbon dioxide may be particularly useful for deacidifying expensive specialty fats with high initial acidity, or where the quality and purity of the extracted components are of importance.     

基于离子开关原理的减压馏分油乙醇胺脱酸工艺

依据离子开关原理,以乙醇胺的乙醇溶液为复合脱酸剂对减压馏分油进行脱酸. 实验结果表明,在剂油体积比4:15、反应温度60℃、反应时间50 min的条件下,减三线油一次脱酸率可达70%以上,回收的环烷酸酸值为157 mg KOH/g,脱酸后油品质量显著提高.     

石油酸催化转化过程的研究

随着原油供应劣质化的日趋严重,加工高酸原油对于改善当前的能源形势具有重要意义。采用自制催化剂、以固定床微型反应器为评价装置,考察了反应温度、空速和催化剂种类对脱酸效果的影响以及不同酸种类的脱酸效果。在各反应温度下,浸镁的ML-16B催化剂的脱酸效果均优于石英砂,且脱酸率随温度的升高而增加,但增加的趋势变弱,而石英砂只有在较高温度时才具有一定的脱酸率,这表明浸镁的催化剂具有较好的催化脱酸效果。随重时空速降低,脱酸率先是快速增加,当空速低于18h-1时,空速对脱酸率的影响很少;比较不同种类催化剂的脱酸效果可以发现,浸镁的催化剂和碱性基质的催化剂具有较好的脱酸效果;比较不同酸种类的脱酸效果,由于催化剂具有一定的孔道结构,且部分活性中心位于催化剂孔道内,而碳链越长,扩散阻力越大,使得脱酸率随碳链的增加而降低。     

Effect of caustic refining,solvent refining and steam refining on the deacidification and color of rice bran oil

Degummed rice bran oil was deacidified by caustic, solvent and steam refining processes. The steam refining process was optimized through a series of experiments with varying refining times (1–5 hr), temperatures (220–280 C) and amounts of steam (4–20%), at a pressure of 4 mmHg. The most significant factors affecting the degree of deacidification were the refining temperature and amount of steam. The correlation coefficient between quadratic equation obtained and experimental results was 0.96. Acid value and color of steam refined oil were not as good as those of caustic refined oil, but steam refining showed better retention of natural antioxidants than caustic or solvent refining. Steam refining is preferred for deacidification of rice bran oil because of reduced neutral oil loss and elimination of soap production. The important criteria in selecting a deacidification process are known to be the degree of deacidification, neutral oil loss, effect on bleaching and production of soapstock (2,8–10). In comparing caustic refining, solvent refining and steam refining, caustic refining of degummed rice bran oil resulted in satisfactory acid values and color but showed the worst result in neutral oil loss and produced large amounts of soapstock. Solvent refining was not shown to be efficient because of poor deacidification, high losses of neutral oil and darkening of color. Steam refining also was less effective than caustic refining in deacidification and bleaching. However, the degree of deacidification could be improved by development of a process to remove all the free fatty acids (8), and the color problem could be eliminated by including a preliminary bleaching step before steam distillation (10). The application of steam refining to rice bran oil will result in many advantages such as reduced neutral oil loss, no production of soap, and the production of high purity, industrial fatty acids.     

高酸原油脱酸技术研究

考察了热处理条件对高酸值达布朗原油的脱酸效果的影响,通过一系列的实验,发现温度和时间是影响脱酸效果的主要因素,找到了针对达布朗原油较好的热处理条件。考虑到高温热处理会使原油的物理化学性质发生改变,还在较低温度下考察了在原油中加入氧化镁能否有效的提高脱酸率,结果表明,在较低温度下氧化镁能显著的改善脱酸效果。     

不同结构多流道螺旋混合器强化碱炼脱酸反应

针对当前油脂行业碱炼脱酸设备占地大、耗能高、效率低等问题,采用多流道螺旋混合器强化碱炼脱酸反应。探究多流道螺旋混合单元不同流道数F、扭转角φ、长径比s下脱酸率和得率随流量Q的变化规律,并与传统搅拌式混合下的脱酸效果进行对比。结果表明:Q>180 L·h^-1,多流道螺旋混合单元结构参数为F=3,φ=180°,s=1.5时综合脱酸效果最佳,此时脱酸油酸值为0.21 mg·g^-1,其脱酸率和得率分别可达94.17%和88.42%,脱酸率较传统搅拌式混合提高了40.56%。采用多流道螺旋混合器强化碱炼脱酸系统能显著提升脱酸率,可实现碱炼脱酸设备的小型化及节能化。