Y2O3对SPS烧结纳米AlN粉末的影响

利用低温燃烧法合成出了平均粒度为100 nm的AlN粉末,将合成的粉末采用放电等离子(SPS)技术进行低温强化烧结,研究Y2O3对烧结过程以及烧结试样特性的影响.XRD进行物相分析,SEM观察断口形貌,排水法测烧结试样的密度,激光闪光法测烧结试样的热导率.实验表明采用低温燃烧法合成出的AlN粉末具有非常好的烧结性能,采用SPS烧结技术,40 MPa压力下,在1600℃保温4 min,就能得到非常致密的AlN陶瓷;Y2O3对纳米AlN粉末在SPS低温强化烧结过程仍有促进作用,使试样在更低的温度下烧结致密,并且晶粒更细小,从而热导率也较低;加入Y2O3的烧结试样晶界强度增加,断口中有较多的穿晶断裂形式,而不加入Y2O3的烧结试样主要以沿晶形式断裂.     

Ce0.8Y0.2O1.9固体电解质的低温燃烧合成及性能

利用柠檬酸做还原剂,硝酸盐做氧化剂,采用低温燃烧合成工艺制备纳米尺寸的Ce0.8Y0.2O1.9电解质粉体,用XRD、IR、TEM和SEM研究产物的微观结构和烧结性能。XRD、TEM和IR光谱研究表明利用低温燃烧合成工艺直接获得了单一的纳米Ce0.8Y0.2O1.9固溶体,SEM分析表明电解质粉体具有很好的烧结活性。利用交流阻抗谱在400~800℃温度范围内测量了电解质的电化学性能,结果表明,800℃时氧离子电导率为0.058 S/cm,活化能为0.73 eV。采用低温燃烧合成工艺有利于降低电解质的烧结温度,改善电解质的性能。     

Synthesis and characterization of SrCe0.95Y0.05O3-δ nano powders by low temperature combustion

Nanosized SrCe0.95Y0.05O3-δ powders with homogeneous composition were synthesized by the low temperature combustion process based on the Pechini method. A polymeric precursor sol was formed by using citric acid and ethylene glycol as the chelating agents of metal ions. The perovskite-type SrCe0.95Y0.05O3-δpowders with uniform shape and smaller than 25 nm in size were obtained through the combustion of the polymeric precursor sol at the existence of nitric acid and ammonium hydroxide. It was found that modulating the quantifies of nitric acid and ammonium hydroxide could control the particle size, and the quantities of residue carbonate ions were also affected by the quantifies of citric acid and ethylene glycol.     

纳米AlN粉末的低温烧结

研究了低温燃烧合成前驱物制备纳米级AlN粉末的低温烧结行为,利用XRD,SEM等手段对陶瓷粉末及烧结体进行了表征。结果表明:由于该粉末的粒径小(约为100nm),比表面积大(17.4m2/g),具有很好的烧结活性,在未使用烧结助剂时,在常压下1700℃获得了致密的陶瓷材料;添加5%Y2O3烧结助剂后,AlN的烧结致密化温度又降低为1600℃,比通常采用的比表面积低于5m2/g的AlN粉末的烧结致密化温度降低了200℃。分析了该种粉末促进烧结的机理,并在1650℃时制备出热导率为132.4W·m-1·K-1的AlN陶瓷。     

先驱体法制备非晶态SiBONC纳米陶瓷粉体

利用四氯化硅(SiCl4),苯甲醛(PhCHO),三氯化硼(BCl3),苯胺(PhNH2)为主要原料,通过有机先驱体转化法制备了SiBONC纳米陶瓷粉体。通过FT-IR、XRD、EDX、TG-DTA、TEM等分析测试手段分析了陶瓷粉体的微观结构和物相组成。先驱体在1000℃裂解得到的陶瓷粉体的平均粒径为80nm,该粉体呈非晶态结构特征,主要由Si、B、O、N、C五种元素组成,包括Si-N、Si-O-Si、B-N、Si-C基团。该陶瓷粉体高温性能优越,1300℃热处理没有质量损失。     

激光烧结纳米Al2O3陶瓷的研究

纳米陶瓷材料具有许多优异的功能和特性,但在烧结过程中纳米颗粒容易长大,从而失去纳米特性.对激光烧结纳米陶瓷进行的理论和试验分析证明:利用激光烧结的方法,可使烧结陶瓷的晶粒保持在纳米尺度,从而为纳米材料在功能部件和结构部件等方面的应用提供了基础.     

SrCe0.95Yb0.05O3-α的直接固相法制备及其导电性能

采用改进的直接固相合成工艺,制备了SrCe0.95Yb0.05O3-α固体电解质.应用AUTOLABPGSTAT30型电化学工作站测定了不同温度和不同气氛下SrCe0.95Yb0.05O3-α的阻抗谱,在350～800℃内电导率为6.3×10-5～4.8×10-3S/cm,计算得到电导活化能分别为0.63eV(空气气氛下),0.46eV(水蒸气气氛下).研究结果表明,该工艺方法简单,能避免材料制备过程中杂质的混入,且制得的SrCe0.95Yb0.05O3-α高温质子导体电性能良好.     

激光烧结纳米A12O3陶瓷的研究

纳米陶瓷材料具有许多优异的功能和特性，但在烧结过程中纳米颗粒容易长大，从而失去纳米特性。对激光烧结纳米陶瓷进行的理论和试验分析证明：利用激光烧结的方法，可使烧结陶瓷的晶粒保持在纳米尺度，从而为纳米材料在功能部件和结构部件等方面的应用提供了基础。     

纳米晶W粉的制备及烧结性能

用高能球磨法制取纳米晶Ｗ粉,在真空炉内将此Ｗ粉分别进行无压和热压烧结成致密块体。利用扫描电镜,透射电镜,Ｘ－ｒａｙ衍射仪等观测球磨过程中粉末粒度,形貌和结构的经及烧结块体的质量密度随温度的变化,并与普通粉的烧结性能作了比较。结果表明：脆性材料在高能球磨过程中不出现片层状结构,一直保持颗粒状结构,纳米晶超细Ｗ粉与普通Ｗ粉相比,由于颗粒和晶粒小,扩散系数高,表面能高,比表面原子烤多,晶格畸变严重,熔点     

致密高温质子导电陶瓷SrCe0.9Y0.1O3-a的制备

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了粒径为30-60nm的SrCeo0.9Y0.1O3-a超细粉，并用此粉体制得了致密高温质子导电陶瓷，研究了成型压力对素坯的影响，陶瓷的烧结行为及微观结构。结果表明：当成型压力为20～250MPa时，素坯的相对密度会呈现峰值（54．25％）；根据陶瓷的线性收缩率的变化趋势，将烧结分为烧结初期（＜1150℃），烧结中期（1150～1250℃）和烧结后期（＞1250℃）3个阶段；采用RCS（速控烧结）烧结制度在较短的烧结时间里获得相对密度为98％且平均晶粒尺寸小于1μm的致密陶瓷；SEM观察发现陶瓷断口的孔洞中出现了新物相，推测其主要成分可能是SrCO3。     

Yb0.05: Gd0.20Y0.75Al3(BO3)4和Yb0.05: Y0.95Al3(BO3)4晶体的生长和性质研究

采用助熔剂法生长Yb0.05:Gd0.20Y0.75Al3(BO3)4(Yb:GdYAB)和Yb0.05:Y0.95Al3(BO3)4(Yb:YAB)晶体.比较这两种晶体的室温吸收光谱、荧光光谱、荧光寿命及热膨胀、比热等热学性质.结果表明,Yb0.05:Gd0.20Y0.75Al3(BO3)4晶体是一种优秀的激光自倍频晶体,可以实现自倍频激光输出,并且具有宽的可调谐范围.     

Pb(Zr0.95Ti0.05)O3纳米粉的制备及其钙钛矿结构的稳定性

论文采用溶胶-凝胶技术合成了Pb（Zr0.95Ti0.05）O3纳米粉,并探讨了煅烧温度对PZT(95/5)钙钛矿相结构稳定性的影响。据TGA-DSC的实验结果,确定了干凝胶粉的煅烧温度范围为550℃-750℃。XRD实验结果表明,随着煅烧温度的升高,粉体主晶相的强度逐渐升高,杂质相的峰高逐渐减弱直至消失。当在750℃煅烧时,粉体结构为单一的钙钛矿相。利用SEM观察发现,随着煅烧温度的升高,所合成的粉体的尺寸逐渐变小、均匀。当在750℃煅烧时,单一钙钛矿结构的粉体的平均粒径尺寸为100 nm。     

Synthesis and characterization of SrCe0.95Y0.05O3-δ nano powders by low temperature combustion

Nanosized SrCe0.95Y0.05O3-δ powders with homogeneous composition were synthesized by the low temperature combustion process based on the Pechini method. A polymeric precursor sol was formed by using citric acid and ethylene glycol as the chelating agents of metal ions. The perovskite-type SrCe0.95Y0.05O3-δpowders with uniform shape and smaller than 25 nm in size were obtained through the combustion of the polymeric precursor sol at the existence of nitric acid and ammonium hydroxide. It was found that modulating the quantities of nitric acid and ammonium hydroxide could control the particle size, and the quantities of residue carbonate ions were also affected by the quantities of citric acid and ethylene glycol.     

Synthesis and characterization of LiNi0.95-xCoxAl0.05O2 for lithium-ion batteries

Samples of LiNi0.95-xCoxAl0.05O2 （x = 0.10 and 0.15） and LiNiO2, synthesized by the solid-state reaction at 725℃ for 24 h from LiOH-H2O, Ni2O3, Co2O3, and AI（OH）3 under an oxygen stream, were characterized by TG-DTA, XRD, SEM, and electrochemical tests. Simultaneous doping of cobalt and aluminum at the Ni-site in LiNiO2 was tried to improve the cathode performance for lithium-ion batteries. The results showed that co-doping （especially, 5 at.% A1 and 10 at.% Co） definitely had a large beneficial effect in increasing the capacity （186.2 mA.h/g of the first discharge capacity for LiNio.s.42OoaoAlo.0502） and cycling behavior （180.1 mA-h/g after 10 cycles for LiNio.85CooaoAlo.osO2） compared with 180.7 mA.h/g of the first discharge capacity and 157.7 mA.h/g of the tenth discharge capacity for LiNiO2, respectively. Differen- tial capacity versus voltage curves showed that the co-doped LiNio.95_xCoxmlo.osO2 had less intensity of the phase transitions than the pristine LiNiO2.     

碳酸盐沉淀法制备Y2O3纳米粉及透明陶瓷

以Y(NO3)3和NH4HCO3为原料,采用正向滴定法,得到了化学组成为Y2(CO3)3.2H2O的先驱沉淀物。结果发现:时效可使沉淀物的颗粒尺寸和形状发生明显变化,时效48 h后,先驱沉淀物形状由球形变为针状;先驱物经水洗乙醇清洗丙酮清洗可提高Y2O3粉体的活性;针状先驱物在1 100℃下煅烧4 h能得到团聚轻的Y2O3粉体,粉体平均粒径约为80 nm;所得粉体在1 700℃真空烧结4 h后,获得了透明Y2O3陶瓷。     

Microstructure and properties of Y2O3-doped steel-cemented WC prepared by microwave sintering

Steel-cemented WC was prepared by ball milling,cold compacting and microwave sintering with Fe powder as the matrix,WC as the hard phase and the addition of rare earth Y2O3.The results show that the interface of the WC particles and Fe matrix exhibits excellent wettability and liquidity when the microwave sintering temperature reaches 1,280°C.The density and mechanical properties of the steel bonded WC carbides could be greatly improved,the hard phases become finer and more uniform dispersed owing to the addition of Y2O3.With the increase of the Y2O3contents,the grain becomes uniform and fine first,and then gathers and grows up.The relative density,microhardness and bending strength all rise first,reaching the maximum values of 97.29%,HV1024 and 1,267.60 MPa at 0.5%Y2O3,respectively,and then decrease.Moreover,the relative density and mechanical properties of the steel-cemented WC with nano-Y2O3are higher than that with micron-Y2O3,which indicates that the effect of nano-Y2O3is better than that of the micron-Y2O3.     

均分散球形Y2O3：Eu^3＋纳米晶的制备

采用凝胶网格共沉淀法，以明胶为反应基质制备了单分散球形纳米Y2O3：Eu^3 荧光粉，考察了制备条件对产物粒径的影响。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和荧光光谱等手段对样品进行了表征。结果表明：该法制得产物为球形，一次晶粒粒径在13nm～25am之间，且粒度分布均匀，与微米晶相比，该纳米晶的激发光谱发生明显红移。