二氢青蒿素对人脑胶质瘤SHG44细胞辐射增敏作用及其机制的研究

为研究二氢青蒿素(Dihydroartemisinin)对人脑胶质瘤SHG44细胞辐射增敏作用及其机制,采用MTT法(Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium)检测增殖抑制作用;应用克隆形成法检测放射增敏作用;运用流式细胞术检测二氢青蒿素及60Coγ射线作用后细胞周期的变化;应用Western Blot...     

WORT增强γ射线对SHG44细胞周期及凋亡的影响

研究渥曼青霉素（Wortmannin,WORT）对人脑胶质瘤细胞辐射增敏作用及诱导细胞凋亡。用克隆法、流式细胞术和激光共聚焦显微镜扫描技术检测细胞克隆形成、细胞周期和凋亡以及凋亡的形态学特征。结果表明：WORT能抑制细胞克隆形成,和^60Coγ射线联用抑制作用增强,表现出协同作用。WORT和^60Coγ射线联用能引起SHG-44细胞G1期阻滞,WORT能增强^60Coγ射线诱导的细胞凋亡,凋亡细胞核固缩和核碎裂,可见凋亡小体。以上结果表明,WORT可能通过诱导细胞G1期阻滞和凋亡途径来增加细胞的辐射敏感性。     

60Co γ射线照射对培养小鼠骨髓基质细胞IL-6表达的影响及机制研究

观察了^60Coγ射线照射对培养小鼠骨髓基质细胞（BMSCs)的白细胞介素－6（IL－6）mRNA及蛋白表达的影响。采用Dexter方法体外培养小鼠BMSCs,8.0Gy^60Coγ射线照射后用放射免疫法测定培养上清液中IL－6的浓度,应用逆转录聚合酶链式反应（RT－PCR）的方法检测IL－6的mRNA表达,同时与NF－KB抑制剂PDTC或地塞米松预处理的BMSCs相比较。结果表明,培养小鼠BMSCs在正常情况下低表达IL－6,辐射后2h时其mRNA水平表达升高,4h时达峰值,之后开始下降;其蛋白表达在2h时开始升高,8－12h时达峰值,24h时基本恢复正至正常水平;而BMSCs在受照射前2h用PDTC或地塞米松预处理后,辐射并不引起IL－6mRNA表达的改变。结果显示,^60Coγ射线照射能够激活培养小鼠BMSCs细胞IL－6基因的转录,使细胞分泌IL－6增多,其机制可能与照射引起的NF－KB活化有关。     

钴-60伽玛射线诱导淋巴细胞γH2AX表达的研究

采用流式细胞术检测60Coγ-射线照射后γH2AX表达的量效和时程关系,同时探讨紫外线联合60Coγ-射线照射后γH2AX的表达情况。结果表明,不同剂量60Coγ-射线照射后γH2AX表达量与照射剂量之间呈现明显的剂量效应关系。4 Gy 60Coγ-射线照射后,γH2AX的表达在1 h达到峰值,随后逐渐减少。与假照组相比,单纯紫外线照射组γH2AX表达增加,一直稳定维持约6 h左右,随后开始减少。紫外线联合60Coγ-射线照射组与单纯60Coγ-射线照射比较,γH2AX的表达无显著性差异。结果提示采用流式细胞术检测γH2AX的表达估算受照剂量具有可行性,该法有望成为估算辐射剂量的新方法。     

Tamoxifen联合γ线照射对脑胶质瘤细胞的增殖抑制及凋亡诱导作用

研究三苯氧胺（Tamoxifen,TAM）对人脑胶质瘤细胞辐射增敏作用及诱导细胞凋亡。用^3H-TdR掺入法、免疫组织化学法、流式细胞术和激光共聚焦显微镜扫描技术检测细胞DNA合成、雌激素受体表达、细胞凋亡及凋亡的形态学特征。结果表明,TAM能抑制细胞DNA合成,与^60Coγ线联用抑制作用增强,表现出协同作用。TAM能诱导细胞凋亡,其凋亡率随TAM浓度的升高而增高,凋亡细胞核固缩和核碎裂,可见凋亡小体。而免疫组化结果显示SHG-44细胞不表达雌激素受体。以上结果表明TAM可能通过诱导细胞凋亡途径来增加细胞的辐射敏感性,而与雌激素受体途径无关。     

^60Coγ射线照射淋巴细胞诱导PIG3和GADD45基因mRNA变化

用60Coγ射线照射正常人外周血永生化淋巴细胞系后,初步分析受照细胞中PIG3和GADD45基因mRNA表达水平的改变状况,并探讨上述基因作为辐射生物剂量计的可能性及意义.用60Coγ射线照射淋巴细胞,采用不同剂量(0～10Gy)照射和照射后不同时间点(0～72h)收集细胞,抽提mRNA,用Real-time PCR检测细胞中PIG3和GADD45基因mRNA表达水平的变化.结果表明,正常人外周血永生化淋巴细胞系中PIG3和GADD45基因mRNA表达水平随照射剂量的增高而增加,并呈现出剂量效应关系.5Gy剂量60Coγ射线照射后,淋巴细胞中PIG3和GADD45基因mRNA表达水平随时间的推移不断增高,在8h时均达到最高,随后开始降低.PIG3和GADD45基因对辐射均较敏感,其表达具有良好的剂量效应和时间效应关系,但相比而言,PIG3的表达随照射剂量和照射后时间的变化更加显著,更有潜力作为生物剂量计以满足实际需要.     

X射线联合沙利度胺对胶质瘤U251细胞的抑制作用

为探讨X射线联合沙利度胺对胶质瘤U251细胞的抑制作用,采用H~3-TdR掺入法和细胞克隆形成法检测沙利度胺增强U251细胞的辐射敏感性;细胞划痕实验观察沙利度胺抑制U251细胞的浸润能力.结果表明,沙利度胺能够抑制U251细胞浸润、DNA合成和克隆形成,与X射线联用后抑制作用增强,表现出协同作用.当细胞存活率为50%时,60 μg/mL、100 μg/mL 沙利度胺的辐射增敏系数为1.18和1.51.实验证明X射线联合沙利度胺能显著提高胶质瘤U251细胞的辐射敏感性,对U251细胞具有辐射增敏作用.     

pEgr-sTRAIL体外转染联合~(60)Co γ射线照射诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡及Caspase-3活化

为探讨Egr-1启动子调控TRAIL基因表达的辐射增敏作用及其作用机制,采用体外瞬时转染pEgr-sTRAIL辐射诱导表达载体联合不同剂量60Coγ射线照射,观察其诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡的作用及其与凋亡执行分子Caspase-3活化的关系。结果表明重组质粒体外瞬时转染联合不同剂量60Coγ射线照射可诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡,并具有随剂量增高而增加的趋势。Western blot及分光光度法检测Capase-3活性均显示转染重组质粒pEgr-sTRAIL接受不同剂量γ射线照射后,其Caspase-3活性明显增高,亦有随着剂量增高而增高的趋势。提示γ射线可通过激活Egr-1启动子增加TRAIL诱导凋亡及活化Caspase-3的作用从而提高肿瘤细胞的辐射敏感性。     

青蒿琥酯对人宫颈癌HeLa和Siha细胞辐照后DNA损伤水平的影响

为研究青蒿琥酯联合照射对人宫颈癌HeLa和Siha细胞DNA损伤的影响,取对数生长期细胞,通过MTT比色法测定不同浓度青蒿琥酯作用24h对HeLa和Siha细胞生长的抑制效应,将细胞分为单纯照射组和联合治疗组,每组分别给予0、2、4、6Gy四个剂量的60↑Coγ射线照射,应用单细胞凝胶电泳（SCGE）法检测青蒿琥酯对HeLa和Siha细胞照射后DNA损伤的影响。MTT结果表明,青蒿琥酯对宫颈癌HeLa和Siha细胞的生长抑制呈剂量依赖性。单细胞凝胶电泳法检测发现：联合治疗组HeLa细胞经0、2、4和60↑Coγ射线辐照后彗星细胞的尾部DNA百分数及Olive尾矩明显大于单纯照射组,差别有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,而Siha细胞联合治疗组与单纯辐照组相比,无明显差异。实验结果表明,青蒿琥酯对p53突变型予宫颈癌HeLa细胞具有明显的放射增敏作用,而对p53野生型子宫颈癌Siha细胞没有明显的放射增敏作用。     

STAT3抑制剂WP1066对乏氧人脑胶质瘤细胞U251放射敏感性的影响

采用CoCl2处理U251细胞模拟细胞乏氧,用甲基四唑蓝(MTT)法检测U251细胞活力的改变;RT-PCR和Western blot检测HIF-1α在U251细胞中的mRNA和蛋白水平的表达;克隆形成法检测X射线照射下不同处理组的克隆形成率。结果表明,100μmol·L-1 CoCl2处理及100μmol·L-1 CoCl2与0.5μmol·L-1 WP1066联合处理U251细胞24 h无明显细胞毒性作用(p0.05);CoCl2诱导HIF-1α的mRNA及蛋白表达水平上调,WP1066抑制HIF-1α在蛋白水平的表达;与空白对照组相比,CoCl2组的克隆形成能力明显上调(p0.05),CoCl2与WP1066联合处理组克隆形成能力明显下降(p0.05)。WP1066可增加乏氧U251细胞放射敏感性,其机制可能是通过抑制STAT3通路降低HIF-1α的表达而发挥放射增敏作用。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

Gamma radiation levels in the ambient environment of the QNPP Base

Monitoring results of gamma dose rate level in 1992～2004 in the ambient environment of the Qinshan Nuclear Power Plants(QNPP)Base,the northeast of Zhejiang Province,are reported in this paper.It is shown that the gamma dose rate of five monitoring sites of 2.5 km to QNPP Base is 84～113 nGy/h,with an average of 96 nGy/h in the 13 years.The average value is close to the background level of 93 nGy/h prior to operation of the QNPP Base,and is lower than the monitoring result of 101 nGy/h at the reference site in Hangzhou City.Within 50 km from the QNPP Base,the cumulative dose rate of the thermoluminescent dosimeter(TLD)is 90 nGy/h,which is lower than the back- ground level of 111 nGy/h.     

The role of AGFA high-energy CR in the calibration and quality control of multileaf collimators （MLC）

Linear accelerators equipped with multileaf collimators （MLC） are becoming more common and are widely used in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy （IMRT）. There is an imperative need to ensure the commissioning specification of the linear accelerators for the sake of quality assurance （QA） and quality control （QC）. This paper is aimed to investigate the role of AGFA high-energy CR （Computed Radiography） in calibrating dynamic multileaf collimators and evaluating the accuracy of the leaf position. The result shows that AGFA high-energy CR can easily and conveniently be used to calibrate MLC and verify its position. Hence, the application of AGFA high-energy CR is proved to be an accurate and time-saving method for routine MLC QC, especially when MLC calibration adjustments are required.