基于机器视觉的光伏电池片位置误差检测系统

机器视觉是保证光伏电池片串焊质量的关键技术之一.目前基于电池片轮廓定位的位置误差检测方法定位精度差,无法满足高速、高精度串焊的要求.搭建一个光伏电池片位置误差检测平台,构建基于机器视觉的光伏电池片位置误差检测系统.针对光伏电池片的表面特征,提出一种基于电池片边缘和主栅线平均定位的位置误差检测方法.采用改进的最小二乘法,对光伏电池片边缘及主栅线点同时进行直线拟合,保证栅线与轮廓之间的矩形特性,精确地计算出电池片的位置误差,满足串焊机对电池片定位检测高精度和高速度的要求.     

硅电池片自动串焊表面缺陷在线视觉检测研究

针对太阳能硅电池片集成串焊在线表面缺陷检测存在的问题,提出了基于机器视觉的硅电池片串焊质量在线检测方法,包括特征识别与视觉测量两部分。在特征识别阶段,提出了一种改进的区域生长算法,对断栅特征实现高速稳定地检测,对于焊后赃污划痕缺陷,先将感兴趣区域自适应阈值化,再通过不变矩等特征筛选异类缺陷;在视觉测量方面,利用目标图像对称性,通过若干采样矩形对焊带偏移及片间距进行基于像素点的测量。该方法实现了在每个传送节拍获取片间图像,通过边缘定位并将原始图像分割为多个感兴趣区域并完成高速在线检测的目标。研究结果表明:提出的硅电池片焊后视觉检测方法能够在自动串焊生产线的快节拍下精确测量与识别缺陷,并具有较好的鲁棒性。     

太阳能硅片焊接质量参数在线视觉测量

针对硅电池片高速串焊系统,根据焊接质量参数在线检测的技术指标对视觉测量系统的核心部件进行了选型计算;对视觉测量系统的内部参数进行了标定,完成了畸变校正与像素当量计算;设计了焊后硅片视觉检测流程,研究了图像预处理、图像掩膜ROI提取、改进双阈值Otsu图像分割技术;建立了硅电池片焊带偏移参数测量模型,提出了一种硅电池片焊接质量参数在线视觉测量方法。最后将该在线视觉测量方法应用于某硅电池片高速串焊生产线,其综合检测率和单帧检测时间满足焊接质量在线检测的精度和实时性要求,为提高太阳能电池组件的焊接质量和生产效率打下了良好的技术基础。     

串焊机中拉带机构的改进

全自动串焊机是太阳能电池片组件生产过程中的重要设备,主要完成太阳能电池片的正反面串焊。因此,通过实验对比分析,对串焊机拉带机构进行了改进,解决了因为拉带机构的影响,而造成的焊接后电池串不合格品的问题,提高了串焊机的生产效率和稳定性。     

基于机器视觉的太阳能电池片缺陷检测算法综述

太阳能电池片（Photovoltaic, PV）表面缺陷检测是光伏组件生产中不可或缺的流程。基于机器视觉的自动缺陷检测方法因其高精度、实时性、低成本等优点得到了广泛应用。本文综述了基于机器视觉的太阳能电池片表面缺陷检测方法的研究进展。首先,阐述了太阳能电池片表面成像方式,列举了典型缺陷类型。然后重点分析了基于传统机器视觉算法及基于深度学习算法进行太阳能电池片表面缺陷检测的原理。将传统机器视觉算法分为图像域分析法、变换域分析法进行综述;从无监督学习、有监督学习和弱监督及半监督学习三个方面分别概述了近几年来基于深度学习的太阳能电池片表面缺陷检测的研究现状。对太阳能电池片表面缺陷检测各种典型方法进一步细分归类和对比分析,总结了每种方法的优缺点。随后,介绍了9种太阳能电池片表面缺陷图像数据集及缺陷检测性能评价指标。最后,系统总结了太阳能电池片缺陷检测常见的关键问题及其解决方法,对太阳能电池片表面缺陷检测的未来发展趋势进行了展望。     

基于视觉显著性的太阳能电池片表面缺陷检测

现有基于机器视觉的太阳能电池片表面缺陷检测算法均是采用各种类型的数学模型来进行算法设计,为进一步提高检测准确率,从人眼仿生学角度出发,首次将人眼的视觉注意机制引入到太阳能电池片表面缺陷检测中,提出了一种基于视觉显著性的太阳能电池片表面缺陷检测算法。首先,对输入的太阳能电池片表面图像进行预处理,去除对检测有影响的噪声和栅线;其次,提出一种基于自学习特征的视觉显著性检测算法来大致定位缺陷区域;随后,提出一种视觉显著性和超像素分割相结合的算法来进一步精确定位缺陷区域;最后,通过形态学后处理得到最终检测结果。在包含多种缺陷类型的测试图像库上的主观和客观实验评估表明,该算法具有较高的检测准确率。     

基于机器视觉的太阳能电池片位置误差检测

为了提高太阳能焊接机的焊接精度和焊接速度,提出了基于机器视觉在线检测太阳能电池片位置误差的方法。采用最小误差法对图像进行阈值分割,通过轮廓提取出电池片的轮廓;采用Hough变换直线检查的方法得到了电池片边缘及三线所在直线;计算出电池片的位置误差。实验结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于CMOS图像传感器的太阳能电池缺陷检测系统设计

针对太阳能电池生产过程中存在的检测速度慢、自动化水平低等问题,提出一种基于机器视觉的电池片表面缺陷检测系统的设计方案,实现了太阳能电池的自动检测。首先设计了一套视觉硬件系统,用于通过CMOS图像传感器采集电池片图像;图像处理算法中,改进了一种基于形态学凸性分析与相对灰度差动态阈值分割的缺陷特征提取法,并通过检测软件的开发来实现。实验表明,同传统的人工检测相比,系统的检测具有较高的准确度与稳定性,具备较高的实用价值。     

基于机器视觉的汽车刹车片自动检测系统

为了提高汽车刹车片的检测效率和准确性,设计了基于机器视觉的汽车刹车片自动化检测系统。针对自动化检测需求搭建了基于可编程逻辑控制器(PLC)的自动化测试平台,开发了相应的视觉系统。结合VisionPro和C#语言开发了检测软件,完成了图像获取、图像校准、图像定位、尺寸测量、缺陷标示、字符识别等任务。实验结果表明,系统可快速、准确地识别出工件的尺寸、表面缺陷和字符。     

全自动串焊机设备温度控制系统设计

分析了温度控制系统的原理及构成,从焊台温度控制和焊头温度控制两方面介绍了温度控制系统的构成和设计。分析认为:串焊机设备温度控制系统采用温区分段加热控制方式,避免了由于温度分布不均匀造成的电池片变形;采用红外加热焊接方式,降低了电池片的虚焊以及隐裂问题。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.