基于实例的敏捷制造信息系统研究

介绍了基于实例的敏捷制造信息系统结构。结合Internet/Intranet和人工智能技术 ,提出了基于智能代理 (Agent)机制的信息系统实现方案。系统采用VRML虚拟现实技术 ,实现信息跨平台浏览共享 ,并讨论了基于成本和敏捷度的新产品设计优化方法     

基于实例的敏感制造信息系统研究

介绍了基于实例的敏捷制造信息系统结构。结合Ｉｎｔｅｒｅｔ／Ｉｎｔｒａｎｅｔ和人工技术,提出了基于智能代理机制的信息系统实现方案。系统采用ＶＲＭＬ虚拟现实技术实现信息跨平台浏览共享,并讨论了基于成本和敏捷度的新产品设计优化方法。     

敏捷制造系统中人的因素研究

分析敏捷制造的产生背景及其内涵，论述敏捷制造系统中人的因素的重要性，从人与技术集成过程，人与组织集成过程以及人、技术和组织集成过程等方面分析人的因素的与作用，提出实施敏捷制造战略必须发挥人的积极性和创造性。     

动态联盟企业信息系统的结构及其重组方法研究

 基于敏捷制造的哲理，剖析了动态联盟企业信息系统的基本概念和内涵，指出了其具有系统分布性、盟员协同性、动态适应性、运作敏捷性、快速重构性等主要特征，并分析了动态联盟企业信息系统与传统企业信息系统的差异．在分析动态联盟企业信息系统结构的基础上，提出了该系统的抽象层次结构，并利用面向对象的方法进行了逐层描述． 结合所提出的三层结构，探讨了动态联盟企业信息系统重组的思想和方法．     

敏捷制造中基于AI及Internet技术的电火花加工工艺决策

以电火花加工为例提出了一种实现敏捷制造技术的新方法。这种方法基于人工智能及因特网技术与传统制造技术的集成，通过网络化电火花加工工艺智能决策系统的软件以低成本远程快速的使用设计制造专家知识，从而实现设计制造的敏捷化。专家知识包括电火花加工工艺参数的智能选择及推理。通过因特网选择不同应用的加工条件与专家进行动态交互。本文得出结论，基于人工智能技术及因特网的敏捷制造技术的未来应用具有潜在的利益。     

基于Internet／Intranet的质量信息系统重构技术研究

研究了基于ｗｅｂ浏览器的质量信息系统运行方式和质量信息系统的重构分类方法，在此基础上，提出了基于Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ／Ｉｎｔｒａｎｅｔ质量信息系统的结构框架和重构流程，以此来映射和完成基于Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ／Ｉｎｔｒａｎｅｔ的质量信息系统的功能，以适应敏捷制造中动态联盟的结构变化性和快速响应的要求。     

应用成组技术实现制造敏捷化、分散化、网络化

本文分析了敏捷化、分散化、网络化制造与应用成组技术之间的关系，提出了应用成组技术实现敏捷化、分散化、网络化制造的方法，探讨了我国制造企业基于成组技术的敏捷生产组织构建方法以及敏捷制造单元的成组与重构技术，为我国中小企业特别是离散型制造企业实现敏捷化、分散化、网络化制造作了有益探索。     

制造执行系统MES——生产制造企业信息化的关键

制造执行系统（Manufacturing Execution System）是上个世纪末80年代开始形成的企业生产管理系统。它作为现代集成制造系统CIMS的关键，既是企业级管理系统ERP和过程控制系统PCS之间的信息桥梁，又是企业生产管理的执行系统，缺少了MES系统支持，ERP系统将很难充分发挥其管理功能。MES系统融合了先进的信息技术和网络技术，为实现敏捷制造和网络制造提供了先进的信息处理平台。     

企业集群化与制造系统敏捷化策略的拓展

分析了制造系统敏捷化策略--企业柔性化和企业虚拟化的适应性和局限性.指出为了适应个性化产品的生产,需要对制造系统敏捷化策略进行必要的延伸和拓展.根据全球范围内日益突出的企业集群现象提出了企业集群化策略.企业集群化策略通过制造资源的模块化虚拟融合,能够形成高效的集群合作制造系统.     

企业生产管理模式的变迁与对策

分析了企业生产管理模式的发展历程，总结了敏捷制造的内涵和特点，认为敏捷制造系统是实现顾客化大生产的理想企业组织结构，提出了我国发展敏捷制造应采取的相应对策。     

Occupant injury in rollover crashes – Contribution of planar impacts with objects and other vehicles

Planar impacts with objects and other vehicles may increase the risk and severity of injury in rollover crashes. The current study compares the frequency of injury measures (MAIS 2+, 3+, and 4+; fatal; AIS 2+ head and cervical spine; and AIS 3+ head and thorax) as well as vehicle type distribution (passenger car, SUV, van, and light truck), crash kinematics, and occupant demographics between single vehicle single event rollovers (SV Pure) and multiple event rollovers to determine which types of multiple event rollovers can be pooled with SV Pure to study rollover induced occupant injury. Four different types of multiple event rollovers were defined: single and multi-vehicle crashes for which the rollover is the most severe event (SV Prim and MV Prim) and single and multi-vehicle crashes for which the rollover is not the most severe event (SV Non-Prim and MV Non-Prim). Information from real world crashes was obtained from the National Automotive Sampling System – Crashworthiness Data System (NASS-CDS) for the period from 1995 through 2011. Belted, contained or partially ejected, adult occupants in vehicles that completed 1–16 lateral quarter turns were assigned to one of the five rollover categories. The results showed that the frequency of injury in non-primary rollovers (SV Non-Prim and MV Non-Prim) involving no more than one roof inversion is substantially greater than in SV Pure, but that this disparity diminishes for crashes involving multiple inversions. It can further be concluded that for a given number of roof inversions, the distribution of injuries and crash characteristics in SV Pure and SV Prim crashes are sufficiently similar for these categories to be considered collectively for purposes of understanding etiologies and developing strategies for prevention.     

中小型印刷企业采购管理信息系统分析

利用UML建模工具对中小型印刷企业采购管理信息系统进行了分析.通过定义系统中的角色、用例和用例图对中小型印刷企业采购管理信息系统进行了分析.     

Effects of osteoporosis on AIS 3+ injury risk in motor-vehicle crashes

Older occupants in motor-vehicle crashes are more likely to experience injury than younger occupants. One possible reason for this is that increasing age is associated with increased prevalence of osteoporosis, which decreases bone strength.Crash-injury data were used with Bayes’ Theorem to estimate the conditional probability of AIS 3+ skeletal injury given that an occupant is osteoporotic for the injury to the head, spine, thorax, lower extremities, and upper extremities. This requires the conditional probabilities of osteoporosis given AIS 3+ injury for each of the body regions, which were determined from analysis of the Crash Injury Research and Engineering Network database. It also requires information on probability of osteoporosis in the crash-involved population and the probabilities of AIS 3+ skeletal injury to different body regions in crashes. The latter probabilities were obtained from the National Automotive Sampling System-Crashworthiness Data System (NASS-CDS) database. The former was obtained by modeling the probability of osteoporosis in the US populations using data from the 2006 National Health Examination Nutrition Survey and applying this model to the estimate of the crash-involved population in NASS-CDS. To attempt to account for the effects of age on injury outcome that are independent of osteoporosis, only data from occupants who were 60 years of age or older were used in all analyses.Results indicate that the only body region that experiences a statistically significant change in fracture injury risk with osteoporosis is the spine, for which osteoporosis increases the risk of AIS 3+ fracture by 3.28 times, or from 0.41% to 1.34% (p < 0.0001). This finding suggests that the increase in AIS 3+ injury risk with age for non-spine injuries is likely influenced by factors other than osteoporosis.     

Tsunami: scientific frontiers, mitigation, forecasting and policy implications

Tsunamis are an ever-present threat to lives and property along the coasts of most of the world's oceans. As the Sumatra tsunami of 26 December 2004 reminded the world, we must be more proactive in developing ways to reduce their impact on our global society. This article provides an overview of the state of knowledge of tsunamis, presents some challenges confronting advances in the field and identifies some promising frontiers leading to a global warning system. This overview is then used to develop guidelines for advancing the science of forecasting, hazard mitigation programmes and the development of public policy to realize a global system. Much of the information on mitigation and forecasting draws upon the development and accomplishments of a joint state/federal partnership that was forged to reduce tsunami hazards along US coastlines-the National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Programme. By integrating hazard assessment, warning guidance and mitigation activities, the programme has created a roadmap and a set of tools to make communities more resilient to local and distant tsunamis. Among the tools are forecasting, educational programmes, early warning systems and design guidance for tsunami-resilient communities. Information on international cooperation is drawn from the Global Earth Observing System of Systems (GEOSS). GEOSS provides an international framework to assure international compatibility and interoperability for rapid exchange of data and information.     

Patent information services in India with special reference to drugs and pharmaceuticals

Patent information is useful to a wide spectrum of users. Chemical patent information is particularly useful to those concerned with innovations in this area, as the chemical patent literature is almost of the same size as the chemical journal literature. National and International patent laws and treaties greatly influence the size of patent literature, its dissemination and exploitation for economic development. Paris Convention, WIPO and PCT programmes have all played an important role in the field of patent information. In India, patent information has a very significant role to play because the country's present law offers wide-ranging opportunities from adaptive development on a foreign patent to its commercialization. Patent information services in India are provided by several organisations which include the Patent Office Headquarters at Calcutta and its branches at New Delhi, Bombay and Madras; Patent Information System, Nagpur; National Informatics Centre, New Delhi; Patent Unit, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi; Technical Information Cell, Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited, Hyderabad; National Chemical Laboratory, Pune and National Information Centre for Drugs and Pharmaceuticals, Lucknow. Many of these organisations cover all areas of technology whereas others are restricted to particular disciplines. National Information Centre for Drugs and Pharmaceuticals is one such specialised centre restricted to only drugs and pharmaceutical. Its services such as patent bulletin and patent searches on selected drugs have been well accepted by the users. The Centre's holdings of foreign patent literature are meagre and need to be strengthened by acquiring them mainly from the U.S.A., France, F.R.G., Japan, Italy and Switzerland which are the top six nations responsible for introducing new drug substances. With a computer now installed at the Centre, the Centre should acquire INPADOC database and collaborate with existing Patent Information System, Nagpur and National Informatics Centre, New Delhi for better services. A survey of the patent information services in the countries of Asia and the Pacific carried out by the International Bureau of WIPO has put India in the first category because here information services are rendered by both the Industrial property organisation and other outside agencies.     

The influence of body mass index on thoracic injuries in frontal impacts

For this study, a comprehensive analysis was performed to assess the influence of body mass index on thoracic injury potential. The data for this study were obtained from the National Automotive Sampling System-Crashworthiness Data System (NASS-CDS) database for years 1993-2005. Obese occupants had a 26 and 33% higher risk of AIS > or = 2 and AIS > or = 3 thoracic injury when compared to lean occupants. The increased risk of AIS > or = 3 injury due to obesity was slightly higher for older occupants, but the influence of age was greater than that of obesity. The increase in injury potential was higher for unbelted obese occupants than unbelted. Non-parametric and parametric risk curves were developed to estimate the risk of thoracic injury based on occupant BMI, belt use and delta-V. Overall, increase in thoracic injury risk due to obesity is more prominent in males and older occupants and for occupants sustaining AIS > or = 3 thoracic injuries.     

基于对象-主体的信息系统设计与实现

针对信息系统在实际应用中存在的问题,提出了一种基于对象－主体的信息系统设计思路和方法,可以使信息系统具有良好的适应性和可扩展性。利用该思路和方法开发的“长安投资项目管理及决策支持系统”能够适应企业工作方式和工作流程的变动,适应企业信息系统所处理信息范围的扩展。     

计算机辅助检验规程设计（CAIP）的研究与实现──符号信息与几何信息的过渡和集成

着重介绍了计算机辅助检验规程设计（ＣＡＩＰ）系统第二部分的开发方案、实现特色和使用优势。ＣＡＩＰ系统是ＣＡＱ与ＣＡＤ、ＣＡＰＰ、ＣＡＭ集成的纽带，该智能系统的实现融汇了面向对象、信息集成、专家系统、关系数据库管理系统、图形系统等多种技术。本文所述＂检验指导图生成＂部分，将ＣＡＱ与ＣＩＭＳ集成信息以图形方式直观地显示出来，是ＣＡＩＰ不可缺少的部分。     

模式识别在珠宝玉石鉴定中的应用

珠宝玉石计算机辅助鉴定及信息系统是一套集珠宝玉石计算机辅助鉴定和相关信息查询为一体的专家系统软件。系统具有辅助鉴定、直接查询、资料分类存储和鉴定指导等功能。软件利用模式识别等技术，通过对检测数据获取，并经过预处理、特征提取和选择，最后利用线性分类器进行分类决策。从而，实现在珠宝玉石鉴定中的多品种、多参量的综合判断。