化工企业节能措施探讨

叙述了中国化工企业进行节能降耗的必要性,提出,节能措施,以期能够很好地解决能源矛盾的问题。     

罐体焊接平台液压系统设计浅析

文中介绍罐体焊接平台液压系统，该系统很好地解决翻转过程的快和慢以及有效支承等矛盾。实践证明，应用效果良好。     

在水电发展中的矛盾分析法

为了有效的解决大规模工程在设计、运行和管理中可能出现的复杂问题,一个大范围的系统工程和运筹学方法得到了使用,当对于一些问题有多个决策者时,那么每个决策者都可能有多个目标,并且矛盾分析法的分类法是必不可少的。这篇文章的主要目的是解释矛盾分析法如何用于模型化矛盾围绕大规模工程研究和预报他们的折衷解果,根收矛盾研究的结果,个别的决策者能够选择一个对此目的最有利的实际的作用过程,另外,在优化决策中矛盾分析能够作为一个决策支撑系统来应用。在工程中的矛盾分析法将用于在加拿大的大规模电力开发。     

高次多项式配气凸轮设计参数的优化

本文介绍一套电算程序，用它优化计算内燃机高次多项式配气凸轮的幂指数很方便，能够迅速确定最佳幂指数，较好地解决了配气机构的换气性能与运动平稳性之间的矛盾。     

在通信过程中用C语言实现CRC校验

通信的目的是要把信息及时可靠地传送给对方,因此要求一个通信系统传输消息必须可靠与快速,在数字通信系统中可靠与快速往往是一对矛盾。为了解决可靠性,通信系统都采用了差错控制。本文简述CRC算法原理,给出一种查表计算方法,并给出用C语言编写的算法源程序。     

泵后球阀兼作泄压阀的水锤防护研究

对于高扬程泵后设置空气罐防护的输水工程,水泵断电时输水系统的倒流动力往往很大。针对输水系统倒流动力过大而导致所需空气罐体积剧增的问题,提出了一种泵后球阀兼作泄压阀的水锤防护方案,建立了泵后球阀的数学模型,并分析了泵后球阀"先关后开再关"操作方案的可行性。结合实际长距离供水工程,对比分析了泵后球阀一段直线关闭、球阀两段折线关闭与泵后球阀"先关后开再关"操作方式的水锤防护效果,并对泵后球阀开启阶段的目标开度进行了敏感性分析。结果表明,泵后球阀采用"先关后开再关"的操作方式能够解决输水管道超压问题,有效减小所需空气罐的体积,但开阀阶段球阀的目标开度不宜过大。     

智能建筑的电气自动化技术研究

随着智能建筑的快速发展,用于智能建筑的现有管理系统已不适应智能建筑中各种负载的使用需求。针对上述问题,提出一种智能建筑集成管理系统,能够解决现有的系统集成平台大部分只解决了系统界面的集成,缺乏对后台数据的整合和应用的开发,无法更好地为业主使用需求服务的问题,其次增加了用于监控的系统,能够提高智能化水平,满足智能监控的需求。     

我国煤电联营发展模式选择

煤电矛盾是我国能源行业长期存在的问题,推进煤电联营能够有效解决这一矛盾。本文介绍了我国煤电联营发展现状,分析了煤电联营的必要性和重要性,概括总结了六种煤电联营模式,剖析了各种模式的优势和劣势,提出了不同条件下煤电联营模式的选择。     

L井区智能针阀间开系统的应用和效果评价

L井区位于鄂尔多斯盆地天然气富集区的南缘,为致密气田,气井生产过程中产水,在生产一段时间后,近井筒地带地层压力逐渐减小,生产压差随即减小,气量下降至低于临界携液气量时,气井发生积液甚至水淹不能生产。为了解决积液问题,部分气井使用间歇生产模式,即间开生产：关井期间气井恢复井筒能量,开井期间利用高流速排出部分积液,成本较低。但是部分井需要频繁开关井或者调节流量,并且人工开关井或调节流量受到外界干扰因素(路况、天气、外协等)大,无法保证间歇生产井开井时率。为了实现间开井的远程智能控制,本文研发了智能针阀间开系统成功应用于L井区,并将气井使用智能针阀前后的气量、采气时率和经济性等参数做了对比。结果表明：(1)智能针阀间开系统稳定性好,能够满足气井远程智能间开的需求。(2)使用智能针阀间开系统之后,平均日产气量增加显著,由1.75×10⁴m³/d增加至1.87×10⁴m³/d,比安装前提高6.86%;平均采气时率提高5.16%,排水采气效果良好。(3)综合经济性能优异：与人工间开加泡排相比,单口井智能针阀间开...     

基于电池箱体开孔的储能电池系统精细化热设计优化研究

针对当前储能电池系统热管理仿真研究存在忽略电池堆内部结构对热性能影响的问题,本文引入了精细化热设计理念,提出了一种基于电池箱体开孔的温度均匀性调配方法,并借助计算流体力学（CFD）仿真模拟方法,系统考虑了开孔数量和大小对电池热性能的影响,并从中筛选出优化的电池盒设计方案。研究结果表明,在针对单个电池盒的优化中,相较于在上壁面开孔,通过在侧壁开孔能够获得更为优越的性能。这一优势在于,单个电池的温差从过去的6.01 K降低至3.68 K,降幅达28.2%,从而充分满足了电池的散热需求。进一步地,在整个电池堆层面,通过在侧壁开孔的方式,得以将单列电池架内的最大温差从7.66 K减少至4.32 K,大幅度提升了43.6%。该研究结果在电池堆外风管与电池箱内部结构方面进行了耦合热求解,为未来储能电池系统的热管理策略提供了有益的参考。     

我国能源与环境的对立状况及化解策略

通过对我国能源供需状况的分析，表明能源的供需矛盾在持续扩大，能源消费的绝对量依然很大；大量的能源消费又造成了沉重的环境压力。为了缓解能源的供需矛盾，实现能源消费与环境保护的双赢发展，文章提出了化解其对立矛盾的一些策略。     

Effect of vane opening on aerodynamic performance of the ram-rotor test system

In order to research the influence of adjustable vane on the aerodynamic performance of the ram-rotor test system,FLUENT software has been adopted to simulate the flow passage of the ram-rotor test system numerically.The vane opening is controlled by changing the stagger angle of the vane blades.Results show that flow uniformity of vane outlet is influenced by the vane openings,which has an impact on the aerodynamic loss to some extent.Total pressure ratio,adiabatic efficiency and mass flow rate can be regulated by different openings of the vane.Compared with-8° vane opening,top efBciency of the ram-rotor increases by about 13.8%at +6° opening.And total pressure ratio drops by 5.87%.The rising opening increases the relative Mach number at inlet of the ram-rotor and weakens the intensity of the tip clearance leakage,which comes to a decreasing aerodynamic loss.     

Solar operated vent cover

An improved solar operated ventilator cover is disclosed for covering an aperture disposed in a horizontal surface. The cover has sidewalls with a cover opening and a top surface with an internal wall extending between the sidewalls and the top wall. An orifice is defined in the internal wall for enabling the flow of air within the cover. An electric motor has a motor shaft with a fan blade positioned proximate the orifice. A photovoltaic cell is connected to the electric motor for rotating the fan blade proximate the orifice to establish the flow of air through the cover opening.     

转角塔斜柱斜面式基础施工控制方法

介绍了地脚螺栓不带火曲斜柱斜面式基础施工中转角塔坑底根开,基础顶根开,基础预偏的计算以及施工中对根开、坡度、高差的全过程控制,结果表明：该方法能够高效控制塔脚板与塔腿主材中心线的重合,并能够在施工过程中精密控制技术尺寸。     

真空管热水器倾角的数值模拟分析

利用fluent软件中的太阳载荷模型对真空管家用太阳热水器进行了三维数值模拟计算,分析了30°、45°、60°倾角下真空管热水器内的流场和温度场随加热时间的变化及传热和流动过程。结果表明,真空管热水器在加热期间,在真空管管口的上壁面出现温度最大值,水箱内真空管管口以下水的温度相对于管口以上的温度分层很明显,水箱内真空管管口以上的热水温度几乎相同,说明水箱内管口以上的水进行了充分混合;对于30°和45°倾角的系统,随着加热时间的增加,水箱内管口以下的水温与管口以上的水温从10 K增加到30 K,以45°倾角为例,当考虑了水箱内管口以下的冷水区时,随着加热时间的增加,真空管与水箱内的温差从0.73 K增大到1.13 K,仅考虑水箱内均匀分布的三点时,随着加热时间的增加,真空管与水箱内的温差从0.15 K减小到了0.03 K;随着系统倾角从30°增加到60°,水箱内管口以下的冷水区域在逐渐减小。因此,为了减小水箱底部的冷水区,插入水箱内的真空管应尽可能短。     

Influences of current collector foils with different opening ratios in passive polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

Even if many fuel cell applications are ready to start into the market, more research needs to be done to improve the currently achieved power density further. In the power range of about 10-20 W micro-PEM fuel cells have a high improvement potential concerning the current collector design and the design of the passive air supply. These two points have a high impact on the water management of a PEM fuel cell and allow a significant decrease of the fuel cell system in size and weight. The current work shows calculations for the fuel cell impedance based on a mathematical resistance model which was already presented for similarly constructed direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) [4]. Selected publications on water uptake and membrane humidification for the used Gore MEAs [6] and [7] are taken into account. The model is evaluated with realized versions of cathode side current collector designs, which influence the maximum power density and the self-heating of the fuel cell stack. Several measurement results are presented, which can confirm the validity of the used model. A very low opening ratio of less than 0.1 induces a very high concentration gradient of the generated water in relation to the net water outtake. From this it follows that the cell impedance is very low and the membrane has a very high ionic conductivity. Additionally it can be shown that the power density of these fuel cells is twice as high as for the cells with an opening ratio greater than 0.45.     

Development and thermal performance of wood-HPDE- PCM nanocapsule floor for passive cooling in building

Cooling demand in the building sector is growing rapidly; thermal energy storage systems using phase change materials (PCM) can be a very useful way to improve the building thermal performance. This work shows the benefits of PCM when incorporated in wood fiber-polymer composite as floor cooling system using nano-encapsulated PCMs. The wood-plastic-NPCM composites were produced using compression molding process and its mechanical and thermal properties were investigated. Two dynamic simulators were employed to investigate synthesized composites thermal performance. Increasing NPCM content in WPC showed that the fluctuations of the simulator temperature was decreased while the heat fluxes through the floor was increased. The variations of ambient maximum temperature have little effect on the air temperature of the simulator with 40% PCM which indicates that the amount of PCM was enough for studied environmental condition. Field experiments were performed using two medium-scale test houses located on Tehran-Iran. It can be concluded that using NPCM helps to reduce heating and cooling demand. Moreover, the natural night ventilation by opening windows reduced the number of hours that the temperature is above 23°C from 499 h/year in case1 (without opening) to 255 h/year in case 2(with opening). This means that natural night ventilation could help reduce the overheating period to about 50% with the use of NPCM.     

高原环境下柴油机可变两级增压协同主喷定时的工作过程模拟

以两级增压柴油机为研究机型,采用GT-Power构建其一维热力学仿真模型,对比模拟研究了柴油机采用两级增压(two stage turbocharger,TST)和可变两级增压(regulated two stage turbocharger,RTST)的变海拔(0km、2km、4km)工作特性。模拟结果表明:针对发动机外特性,不同两级增压系统高压级压比随海拔升高而增加。相比TST增压系统,高原环境下(2km、4km),RTST增压系统能够保证更高的进气流量及空燃比,抑制柴油机高原限扭,同时降低有效燃油消耗率。随着海拔升高,TST及RTST涡前温度及传热能均出现不同程度的升高;但RTST涡前温度及传热能升高幅度相对较低。低海拔(2km)下,NO_x比排放随海拔升高呈增加的趋势。高海拔(4km)下,可变截面涡轮增压器(variable geometry turbocharger,VGT)开度减小及推迟主喷定时,进气流量及空燃比增加。随着VGT开度增加及主喷定时推迟,涡前温度升高。传热能随VGT开度增加先减小后升高,随主喷定时推迟而减小。NO_x比排...     

印度雅慕那电厂1号锅炉的燃烧优化调整试验

为了既提高锅炉热效率,又确保NOx排放浓度低于650 mg/m3,采用正交试验的方法进行了锅炉的燃烧优化调整.结果表明:上层磨煤机分离器折向门开度、省煤器出口氧量、炉膛与大风箱差压以及OFA风门开度是影响锅炉热效率和NOx排放的4个关键因素.为此确定了一套最优组合方案:上层磨煤机分离器折向门开度为"6",省煤器出口氧量为3.7%,炉膛与大风箱差压为800 Pa,OFA风门开度为25%.按照这一最优组合方案进行了验证试验,结果锅炉热效率达到87.12%,NOx排放浓度为640 mg/m3.