砂土直剪力学性状的非圆颗粒模拟与宏细观机理研究

基于PFC2D非圆颗粒单元的二次开发,对砂土直剪力学过程进行了非圆颗粒仿真模拟,分析了数值试样的应力–剪胀关系并与实际砂土进行对比,探讨了颗粒位移与颗粒旋转特征及其与剪切带演化的内在关联,研究了主应力与主应变增量的非共轴效应,揭示了细观组构各向异性的演化规律及其与宏观剪切强度之间的宏细观关联。研究结果表明,数值试验能够较好的模拟实际砂土的应力–剪胀关系和剪切过程主应力与主应变增量的非共轴效应;剪切带的演化与颗粒位移和颗粒旋转密切相关,颗粒形状影响剪切带的厚度;试样宏观的剪切强度主要受控于粒间法向接触力的分布及其各向异性演化;整个加荷过程中,剪切带内大主应力的偏转方向与法向接触力各向异性的主方向保持了良好的一致性。     

基于PFC2D的泥质灰岩软弱夹层结构面直剪试验颗粒流模拟分析

对取自于某滑坡滑带上的泥质灰岩软弱夹层进行颗粒流PFC程序数值直剪试验模拟,并对直剪过程中结构面的力学演化机制和破坏特征进行细观方面的深入分析。分析得以下几点结论：（1）在结构面直剪开始至破坏阶段,中后部分的颗粒承受了更多的剪应力。（2）在剪切应力-位移曲线表现出塑性特征的剪切过程中,产生张拉裂纹,在此阶段裂纹急剧增加,裂纹的发展使得结构面上颗粒间的法向接触数量将明显减少,同时导致颗粒之间的接触压力显著提高,造成结构面上的张拉裂纹与剪切裂纹数量增加显著,剪切破碎带形状明显。     

砂卵石土直剪试验颗粒离散元细观力学模拟

砂卵石土作为一种特殊的岩土材料越来越受到研究者的重视。以三维颗粒流程序(PFC3D)为工具,建立砂卵石土直剪试验数值模型,并与试验结果进行对比分析,由于砂卵石土是一种三维不连续介质,并具有任意的形状,数值模拟结果相对于试验数据偏低。为更好地研究其抗剪特性,采用多面体颗粒近似模拟砂卵石土,并将其结果与以传统的球形颗粒模拟砂卵石土的结果进行对比分析。结果表明:多面体颗粒相对于球形颗粒而言,能较好地反映砂卵石土直剪试验的剪切破坏现象,与试验数据更加吻合。细观参数敏感性分析表明:抗剪曲线的峰值段主要受接触刚度和摩擦系数的影响,剪切曲线的上升段主要受接触刚度的影响。     

直剪试验颗粒流模拟参数敏感性分析

利用离散元颗粒流程序PFC2D对砂土的直剪试验进行了模拟,试验中通过改变颗粒的孔隙比、接触刚度和粒间摩擦系数等微观参数的取值,来探究宏观参数如初始弹性模量和内摩擦角的变化。得到颗粒的平均配位数随孔隙比的变化曲线、不同围压下颗粒的法向重叠量随颗粒刚度的变化曲线和材料内摩擦角和颗粒摩擦系数间的关系曲线,有益于理解土体的本构模型。     

考虑砂土初始各向异性的单剪试验模拟分析

在单剪条件下,由于侧边界上不存在互补的剪切应力会导致应力不均匀,使得室内单剪试验研究变得复杂.提出一个考虑砂土初始各向异性的单剪试验数值分析方法.主要是通过引入初始各向异性修正的临界状态本构模型,并将模型编入有限元大变形计算平台.利用三维有限元分析实际的GDS型单剪试验条件,以分析在剪切过程中试样的不均匀特征.此项研究...     

砂土单调剪切特性的非圆颗粒模拟

针对纯圆颗粒模拟的缺陷,利用颗粒流"团颗粒"方法开发了形状近似椭圆的"椭圆团颗粒",研究了颗粒形状变化对数值试样宏观剪切特性的影响及其细观机理;分析了加荷过程中平均接触数的变化规律以及颗粒形状对临界接触数的影响;对比了纯圆颗粒和椭圆团颗粒的不同颗粒旋转特性,并初步探讨其机理;分析了剪切过程中椭圆团颗粒试样的组构各向异性演化规律。结果表明,颗粒形状对试样的强度和变形特性具有重要影响,其在细观机理上与平均接触数有关;剪切荷载作用下椭圆团颗粒试样呈现明显的组构各向异性,颗粒长轴逐渐趋于水平定向,接触法向逐渐偏于加荷的大主应力方向。     

粗粒土大型直剪试验的二维离散元模拟

通过一组强风化玄武岩粗粒土的室内大型直剪试验,获取其强度、变形等宏观参数。并基于颗粒离散元软件PFC2D,采用圆盘模拟土颗粒建立了考虑级配的二维直剪模型,结果表明：黏结半径因子为0．39时,剪应力一剪位移模拟值与试验值相符较好,垂直位移一剪位移模拟值与试验值之间存在一定的偏差;通过参数校正发现圆盘间摩擦系数随着垂直压力增加而增大,其值介于0．15—0．60;剪切过程造成了接触压力的偏转和集中,剪切缝附近圆盘呈不规则的涡状细观运动。     

基于直剪试验的页岩强度各向异性研究

 层理面的存在是页岩地层力学性质、强度特征和破裂模式表现出明显各向异性特征的根本原因,也是引起水平井井壁易失稳的重要原因之一。为分析层理面的力学性质及其影响下页岩的抗剪强度各向异性特征,开展不同角度页岩的直接剪切试验,并根据剪切破坏机制的各向异性和剪应力集中系数,从不同角度分析抗剪强度各向异性的原因,试验和理论分析结果表明：(1) 层理面是页岩地层的薄弱面,其黏聚力和内摩擦角明显小于页岩基质体,抗剪强度也最低,其剪应力–剪切位移曲线并没有表现出岩石剪切强度随滑动而弱化的特点,而是其残余摩擦力甚至还略大于抗剪强度。(2) 0°,30°,60°和90°四个方向中,页岩抗剪强度的最大值在60°时取得,且0°,30°和60°试样的剪应力–剪切位移曲线均表现出剪切强度随滑动而弱化的现象。(3) 页岩剪切破坏机制可分为沿页岩本体的剪切破坏、沿层理面张拉和本体剪切的复合破坏、以及沿层理面的剪切滑移3种模式;页岩抗剪强度的各向异性是由其剪切破坏机制的各向异性控制的。(4) 剪应力集中系数在一定程度上反映了岩石直接剪切时剪切承载力的强弱,可用来分析页岩抗剪强度的各向异性特征;不同方向页岩直接剪切时,剪应力集中系数仅与沿剪切方向的弹性模量和剪切层的厚度有关;相同法向应力下,90°试样的剪应力集中系数最大,抗剪强度最小,而60°试样的剪应力集中系数最小,抗剪强度最大。该试验和理论分析结果可为深入分析岩质边坡中滑动面的运动特征和页岩气水平井井壁稳定性等提供一定参考。     

颗粒形状对粗砂直剪特性影响研究

岩土材料物理力学性质变化的本质是其细观结构发生改变,颗粒形状作为砂土细观结构的重要参数,必然会对其力学性质产生影响。借助颗粒形貌扫描设备对3种不同形状的粗砂进行测试,并通过室内直剪试验探究颗粒形状对粗砂抗剪强度的影响。结果表明:4种颗粒形状参数敏感性由大到小依次为:长宽比>扁平度>磨圆度>球度;粗砂颗粒形状愈规则,其颗粒重排列所主导的峰值内摩擦角就愈小,所以峰值内摩擦角随颗粒形状规则程度的提高而减小;颗粒形状愈规则,剪切后期颗粒间的滑动摩擦力就愈小,相应的残余内摩擦角就愈小。     

测定各向异性砂土抗剪强度特性的新型直剪装置及初步应用

各向异性颗粒材料的变形和强度与相对于沉积方向的剪切方向或大主应力作用方向相关。为研究各向异性颗粒材料任意剪切面的抗剪强度特性,研制一套可实现剪切面与沉积面的夹角 在0°～180°全定义域区间任意变化的直剪试验装置。所研制的直剪盒的特点是各侧壁均独立可拆卸,因此在制样过程中可根据不同的需要进行组装,使该直剪试验盒的某些侧面和顶面打开。在验证该直剪试验装置有效性的基础上,对福建标准砂进行 在0°～180°范围内、间隔为15°的系列直剪试验。试验结果表明： 在0°～90°区间的某个面相对应有最小峰值内摩擦角,此后峰值内摩擦角随 的增加而增加;但具有最大峰值内摩擦角的面不是与沉积面垂直即 = 90°的面,而是 ＞90°(?≈105°)的某个面。材料各向异性程度不同,相对应最大和最小峰值内摩擦角的 亦不同。     

Imperfect bonding effect on dynamic response of a non-circular lined tunnel subjected to shear waves

Combining the wave function expansion method and conformal transformation method, the dynamic stress around a non-circular tunnel with imperfect interface subjected to anti-plane shear waves is derived. The non-circular tunnel is mapped into an annular region, and the analytic solutions of stress and displacement solutions are expanded in terms of wave functions. By introducing the spring-type interface model, the coefficients are determined by satisfying the imperfect bonding conditions around the concrete lining. The distribution of tangential stresses on the imperfect interface is graphically illustrated, and the interacting effect of imperfect interface and incident wavelength is discussed in detail. The imperfect interface is revealed as a key factor dominating the seismic responses of a tunnel.     

直接剪切试验在实际工作中的应用

随着科学技术的发展,国内外高层建筑以及一些大型工程的兴建和近几年来多次强烈地震的发生,土力学理论和地基基础技术日益得到重视。主要就岩土工程勘察土工试验中的直接剪切试验从选择方法和试验中应注意的事项上做一阐述。     

Interface shear characteristics of jute/polypropylene hybrid nonwoven geotextiles and sand using large size direct shear test

In this study, large-size direct shear tests were conducted to determine the interfacial shear characteristics of sand–geotextile under three different normal stresses. The geotextiles used in the present study were hybrid needlepunched nonwovens containing defined weight proportions of jute and polypropylene fibers. Subsequently, the interfacial shear characteristics of hybrid and that of a nonwoven geotextile consisting of solely polypropylene fibers with sand were compared and analyzed under different normal stresses. Initial higher shear stiffness of sand-polypropylene geotextiles was observed corresponding to sand-hybrid geotextiles specifically under higher normal stresses. Nevertheless, the contact efficiency of sand-hybrid nonwovens was similar to that of sand-polypropylene geotextiles. The surface morphology of sand particles has been investigated based on the images obtained from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and quantitatively analyzed by means of Wadell roundness and degree of angularity methods.     

直剪试验与三轴试验的对比探讨

介绍了直剪试验与三轴试验的仪器设备及方法，通过对两种不同试验方法及结果的对比，指出三轴试验结果更接近土的实际理论值，数据更安全可靠，为岩土工程师使用抗剪强度指标提供了依据。     

Numerical simulation of a direct shear test on a rock joint using a bonded-particle model

Rock joints were numerically simulated, and an extensive series of direct shear tests were carried out using the code PFC3D. The feasibility of reproducing a rock joint using the contact bond model was demonstrated, and the effects of the geometrical features and the micro-properties of a joint on its shear behavior were examined. Asperity failure was observed from the micro-cracks and contact force distribution, as well as the stresses and displacements in shear and normal directions. A rough joint with a joint roughness coefficient (JRC) value ranging from 10 to 20 was produced in an intact sample by defining the joint-contacts along a predefined joint surface. To simulate a decrease in joint wall strength (JCS) caused by weathering and alterations, the bond strength between particles involved in the joint-contacts was reduced by up to 70%. The shear behavior and failure progress at a given stress corresponded well to those observed in laboratory tests. The friction coefficient was the most important factor governing the shear strength and dilation angle. The variation in joint roughness and contact bond strength had a larger effect on the cohesion than peak friction angle. In addition, a new approach to represent JRC and JCS values of a joint was proposed for practical use. A numerical 3D-profile scanning technique was developed to evaluate the actual JRC of the simulated joint, and the relationship between the JCS and the contact bond strength was investigated.     

采用高速环剪试验机对滑带土环剪特性的研究

以泾阳南塬黄土滑坡滑带土为研究对象,采用高速环剪试验机进行环剪试验,研究了不同含水率、剪切速率对滑带土环剪特性的影响,结果表明:土样强度参数内聚力和内摩擦角均随含水率的增加而降低;随着剪切速率的增加而增加;土样的环剪强度随有效法向应力的增大而增大,呈现出较强的近线性关系。     

土工格栅加筋土大型直剪试验分析

通过大型直剪试验,研究了不同密实度及不同铺设角度下土工格栅加筋土的界面特点,并分析了直剪试验数据,结果表明,土工格栅加筋土体能有效增强加筋工程的稳定性,提高结构的抗震能力。     

Microstructural investigation on mechanical behavior of soil-geosynthetic interface in direct shear test

Interface shear strength between soil and geosynthetics mainly depends on the mechanical and physical properties of soil, geosynthetics and the normal stress acting at the interface. This paper presents results of an extensive experimental investigation carried out on sand-geosynthetic interface using modified large direct shear box. The study focusses on the shearing mechanism at the sand-geosynthetic interface and the effect of different parameters on the shearing mechanism. Smooth HDPE geomembrane, nonwoven needle punched geotextile and two types of sand having different mean particle size, have been used in the present study. Microstructural investigation of deformed specimen through Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) reveals the shearing mechanism which includes interlocking and fiber stretching for sand-geotextile while sliding, indentation and plowing for sand-geomembrane interface. The shearing mechanism for sand-geomembrane interface highly depends on the normal stress and degree of saturation of sand. The critical normal stress that demarcates the sliding and plowing mechanism for sand-geomembrane interface is different for dry and wet sand. The amount of scouring (or plowing) of the geomembrane surface reduces with increase in the mean particle size of sand. FESEM images revealed that the sand particles get adhered to the geotextile fibers for tests involving wet sands. The present microstructural study aided in understanding the shearing mechanism at sand-geosynthetic interface to a large extent.