自主车导航中提高目标行为预测能力的新方法

鉴于激光雷达目标识别能力较弱的问题,首先利用视觉较强的分类能力,采用协同学习粒子滤波算法实现前方车体的识别和跟踪;再将图像中车体特征区域坐标信息转换到激光雷达图像坐标系中,在线快速提取目标车体距离信息序列,再融合里程计和GPS信息,实现自主车前方车体的行为预测;实验表明,所提出的方法能够在激光雷达信息中快速准确地定位车辆距离信息,并实时估计自主车前方车辆的行驶趋势,得到的目标速度计算误差约为6.2%,使导航更趋合理。     

智能车前方目标车辆检测方法研究

为了准确检测智能车前方目标车辆以及确定目标车辆与本车的距离信息,提出了一种应用模糊逻辑融合车辆多特征检测目标车辆的算法.该算法充分考虑到车辆多个特征的重要性,将模糊理论中的模糊隶属度函数和特征置信度值相结合实现目标车辆的验证.在生成目标假设以及提取有效特征点后,通过对不同特征进行模糊化,根据模糊推理融合得到的目标车辆的最终置信度验证车辆假设,实现前方车辆的检测.试验数据表明,该算法具有较好的适应能力和抗干扰能力,能够及时准确地检测前方目标车辆.     

基于MSP430的智能汽车防撞系统

采用激光测距传感器和霍尔传感器,在MSP430控制下测试即时的车速和车辆前方障碍物的距离,单片机根据当时车速按预先的设计自行设置即时行车安全距离,并使之与采集回来的即时距离作比较。当前方车辆与本车辆的距离小于即时行车安全距离时,进行报警。并且单片机通过控制显示模块显示当前的速度、理论安全距离、实际距离。便于驾驶员更好了解信息。     

基于MSP430的智能汽车防撞系统

采用激光测距传感器和霍尔传感器,在MSP430控制下测试即时的车速和车辆前方障碍物的距离,单片机根据当时车速按预先的设计自行设置即时行车安全距离,并使之与采集回来的即时距离作比较。当前方车辆与本车辆的距离小于即时行车安全距离时,进行报警。并且单片机通过控制显示模块显示当前的速度、理论安全距离、实际距离。便于驾驶员更好了解信息。     

基于DSP与ARM技术在汽车防追尾系统中的应用

本系统的研究是将DSP技术与嵌入式ARM技术应用到汽车防尾追系统中。它利用DSP技术在图像信号的处理中突出特点，首创目标运动的模型，进行目标状态的识别和判定，用ARM强大的运算功能完成数据处理识别与判断，准确迅速提供前方车辆信息与本车的距离等并适时预警，自动提醒驾驶员与目标保持安全行驶距离。     

车载雷达防追尾预警系统中的目标跟踪研究

考虑毫米波雷达测量的误差和噪声的存在,为了提高毫米波雷达汽车防追尾预警系统的可靠性,设计了一个多模型算法实现对机动车辆的准确跟踪。针对汽车在高速公路上最常见的匀速、匀加速及转弯运动模型进行仿真实验,结果表明该算法能够有效地跟踪前方行驶车辆,探知自车与前车之间距离信息、速度信息等,从而降低雷达虚警率。     

基于单目视觉的前方车辆检测与测距

针对智能车辆控制中的防碰撞问题,提出一种新的前方车辆检测与测距方法。采用多尺度分块二值模式与Adaboost提取车辆候选区域,根据候选区域内的水平边缘和灰度特征去除车辆误检,解决分类器检测过程中路面和绿化带的干扰问题。利用改进的车辆底部阴影定位方法获得车辆准确位置提高测距精度,建立基于位置信息成像模型的车距测量方法,测量前方车辆距离。实验结果表明,该方法在不同天气情况下车辆平均检测率为98.42%,车距测量平均误差为0.71 m。     

高速公路场景的车路视觉协同行车安全预警算法

目的 基于视觉的车辆行驶安全性预警分析技术是目前车辆辅助驾驶的一个重要研究方向,对前方多车道快速行驶的车辆进行精准的跟踪定位并建立稳定可靠的安全距离预警模型是当前研究难点。为此,提出面向高速公路场景的车路视觉协同行车安全预警算法。方法 首先提出一种深度卷积神经网络SF＿YOLOv4(single feature you look only once v4)对前方车辆进行精准的检测跟踪;然后提出一种安全距离模型对车辆刹车距离进行计算,并根据单目视觉原理计算车辆间距离;最后提出多车道预警模型对自车行驶过程的安全性进行分析,并对司机给予相应安全提示。结果 实验结果表明,提出的SF＿YOLOv4算法对车辆检测的准确率为93.55%,检测速度(25帧/s)领先对比算法,有效降低了算法的时间和空间复杂度;提出的安全距离模型计算的不同类型车辆的刹车距离误差小于0.1 m,与交通法建议的距离相比,本文方法计算的安全距离精确度明显提升;提出的多车道安全预警模型与马自达6(ATENZA)自带的前方碰撞系统相比,能对相邻车道车辆进行预警,并提前0.7 s对前方变道车辆发出预警。结论 提出的多车道预警模型充分...     

基于PreScan平台的单目视觉测距方法研究与虚拟试验

车辆与前方障碍物之间的距离是车辆主动安全控制中的一项重要参数。利用图像传感器获取车辆前方道路信息,根据投影变换模型推导出单目测距算法,并通过软件实现求解车距。在PreScan平台进行虚拟试验,并分析了图像传感器各参数对试验结果的影响。结果表明,在校正良好的情况下,基于单目视觉的车距测量具有较高的测量精度。     

车辆远程监控系统的设计与实现

文章提出了一种具有实时安全预警功能的车辆远程监控系统,包括车载数据采集端、手机客户端以及监控中心.汽车车载数据采集终端可实时采集到车辆的位置信息、速度和加速度信息并通过3G无线通信网络将这些数据发送到监控中心数据服务器.监控中心接收到所有车辆传来的数据,并将信息发送到用户车的手机客户端上,手机客户端通过本车的数据和周边车辆的数据计算出本车是否处于安全状态,如不安全手机客户端则会预警,提醒驾驶员采取措施避免事故的发生.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.