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辛算法是保持Hamilton系统辛结构的一种新的数值方法,由于 Maxwell方程是一无穷维Hamilton系统,因此可将辛算法用于电磁场模拟中.本文提出一种基于辛分块Runge-Kutta(PRK)方法的显式辛算法,并将它成功应用于二维电磁散射问题的计算中.通过对金属方柱散射场的数值模拟,比较了FDTD法和低阶辛算法(一阶和二阶),结果表明低阶辛算法不仅与FDTD法精度相当,而且可以减少存储空间和计算时间,尤其是一阶辛算法节省了大约的CPU时间,提高了计算速度,体现了该算法的优越性. 相似文献
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为有效解决强干扰环境下长PN 码的同步捕获问题,研究了基于自适应滤波器的PN 码同步捕获方法,给出了基于自适应滤波器权矢量范数的同步捕获判决准则,与传统的基于均方误差的判决相比,这种方法可以大幅提高判决的正确概率。在此基础上,研究了智能天线权值与PN 码同步联合捕获算法,并对其性能进行了计算机仿真验证,结果表明这种空时联合的捕获算法可以有效实现低SINR 环境下的长PN 码捕获。 相似文献
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We propose a closed-loop system for the acquisition of the pseudo-noise (PN) signal in direct-sequence spread-spectrum (DS/SS) systems. We introduce a novel idea of using an auxiliary signal, as opposed to the PN signal itself, for correlation with the incoming signal. The cross-correlation function of the auxiliary signal and the PN signal has a triangle shape that covers essentially the entire period of the PN signal. Consequently, their correlation provides the direction for the phase update of the local signal generator in the acquisition scheme. With coherent demodulation, the mean and variance of the acquisition time are derived under additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). They are compared to those of the conventional serial-search acquisition system. Results suggest that the proposed system acquires the PN phase at least twice faster, with significantly smaller acquisition time variance, than the conventional system 相似文献
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We investigate the issue of pseudo noise (PN) code acquisition in single-carrier and multicarrier (MC) direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) systems, when the channel is modeled by frequency-selective Nakagami-m (1960) fading. The PN code acquisition performance of single-carrier and MC DS-CDMA systems is analyzed and compared when communicating over Nakagami-m fading channels under the hypothesis of multiple synchronous states (H/sub 1/ cells) in the uncertainty region of the PN code. In the context of MC DS-CDMA, the code acquisition performance is evaluated, when the correlator outputs of the subcarriers associated with the same phase of the local PN code replica are noncoherently combined by using equal gain combining (EGC) or selection combining (SC) schemes. The performance comparison of the above mentioned schemes shows that the code acquisition performance of the MC DS-CDMA scheme, especially when using the EGC scheme, is more robust, than that of single-carrier DS-CDMA schemes communicating over the multipath Nakagami-m fading channels encountered. However, our code acquisition performance comparison also shows that if the detection threshold was set inappropriately, the performance might be degraded, even if the channel fading becomes less severe. 相似文献
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一种新的直扩超宽带系统快速同步方案 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文提出了一种新的基于能量窗的直扩超宽带系统码片同步方法,通过设计具有重复特性的码来提高能量窗的信噪比,从向可以较为准确地获得码片同步,并将窗口中的信息作为接收端本地信号与接收信号进行匹配接收,这样可以存未知接收信号相位的情况下有效地接收多径能量,提高接收信噪比。在完成码片同步之后再进一步进行PN码的相位同步,这里以线性搜索为例分析得到超宽带信号总的平均同步时间,并与现有的超宽带同步方案进行了比较,新方案将信号捕获分成两部分完成,大大降低了超宽带信号捕获时间。 相似文献
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Chung B.-Y. Chien C. Samueli H. Jain R. 《Selected Areas in Communications, IEEE Journal on》1993,11(7):1096-1107
A VLSI architecture for an all-digital binary phase shift keying (BPSK) direct-sequence (DS) spread spectrum (SS) intermediate frequency (IF) receiver is presented, and an in-depth performance analysis is given. The all-digital architecture incorporates a Costas loop for carrier recovery and a delay-locked loop for clock recovery. For the pseudorandom noise (PN) acquisition block, a robust energy detection scheme is proposed to reduce false PN locks over a broad range of signal-to-noise ratios. The proposed architecture is intended for use in the 902-928 MHz unlicensed spread spectrum radio band. A 100 kbs information rate and a 12.7 Mchips/second PN code rate are assumed. The IF center frequency is 12.7 MHz and the IF sampling rate is 50.8 Msamples/second, which is the Nyquist rate for the 25.4 MHz bandwidth signal. Finite wordlength effects have been simulated to optimize the architecture, thereby minimizing the chip area, and results of the finite wordlength simulations demonstrate that the chip architecture achieves a bit error rate performance within 1 dB of theory in an additive white Gaussian noise channel 相似文献
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提出了一种基于直接序列扩频信号的双积分滑动相关捕获算法,同时使用两组相关器联合进行码相位的捕获,捕获的门限采用CAFR(常虚警率)自适应控制方式。文中给出了这个捕获方案的数学模型,并进行了具体分析。实验表明,利用FPGA实现这种捕获算法,不仅具有较高的性价比,而且衡量PN码捕获的最关键指标——平均捕获时间也大大少于常规捕获方法。 相似文献
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For pt. I see IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. A smart antenna, i.e., a blind adaptive antenna array, has attracted much attention to improve the capacity of a future code-division multiple-access wireless communications system. It has been demonstrated that there is significant improvement in data demodulation through lab simulations and field experiments by employing a smart antenna of multiple elements. However, only one element is used for the pseudonoise (PN) code acquisition process, which is a coarse PN code synchronization prior to data demodulation. This paper proposes a simple and practical PN code acquisition scheme, which employs all elements in the smart antenna. Also, this paper uses an adaptive threshold for the PN code acquisition. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can significantly improve the PN code acquisition performance, e.g., the PN code acquisition time will be half as long by employing five elements rather than the single element at a given bit-energy-to-interference power spectral density ratio. 相似文献
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《Wireless Communications, IEEE Transactions on》2008,7(8):2851-2855
Abstract?In this letter, we propose a generalized version of the window-based pseudonoise (PN) acquisition scheme verifying one or more best hypotheses rather than the best one per search window. The false alarm probability, detection probability, and mean acquisition time (MAT) of the proposed scheme are derived by using the well-known flow graph approach in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and fading channels. Numerical results demonstrate that the acquisition performances are improved through the proposed generalization, particularly when the pilot energy to total received energy ratio (pilot Ec/Io) is low. 相似文献
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结合每个信息码元内有整数个扩频码周期序列的BPSK调制直扩信号接收系统,以二维相关捕获原理为基础,分析了多音干扰对直扩接收机相关比值式捕获的性能影响,并结合PN码功率谱分析,给出较为理想的多音干扰载频位置选择方法,指出对于比值式捕获,在有用信号频率无法准确侦察的情况下,多音干扰能够有效提高干扰范围,干扰效果较好;在信号频率准确侦察的情况下,多音干扰效果较单音干扰效果差。仿真结果验证了理论分析的正确性。 相似文献
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设计一种针对基于FFT的PN码捕获自适应限技术,对高斯环境下信号统计特性进行了推导,得出了适用于恒需警概率自适应门限算法的统计量,并用最大似然准则对统计量进行参数估计.最后仿真验证表明,该方法适合在低信噪比环境下完成PN码捕获. 相似文献
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Miller L.E. Lee J.S. French R.H. Torrieri D.J. 《Communications, IEEE Transactions on》1992,40(1):160-170
An easily implemented matched filter scheme for acquiring hopping code synchronization of incoming frequency-hopping (FH) signals is analyzed, and its performance is evaluated for two types of jamming: partial-band noise jamming and partial-band multitone jamming. The system is designed to reduce jammer-induced false alarms. The system's matched filter output is compared to an adaptive threshold that is derived from a measurement of the number of acquisition channels being jammed. Example performance calculations are given for the frequency coverage of the jamming either fixed over the entire acquisition period or hopped, that is, changed for each acquisition pulse. It is shown that the jammer's optimum strategy (the worst case) is to maximize the false alarm probability without regard for the effect on detection probability, for both partial-band noise and multitone jamming. It is also shown that a significantly lower probability of false acquisition results from using an adaptive matched filter threshold, demonstrating that the strategy studied here is superior to conventional nonadaptive threshold schemes 相似文献
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PN code acquisition using smart antenna for spread-spectrum wireless communications. I 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The smart antenna (a blind adaptive antenna array) has brought much attention to its ability to improve the future code-division multiple-access (CDMA) wireless communications systems. However, Adachi et al. (1998), employed only one out of M elements that are in a smart antenna array during the pseudonoise (PN) code acquisition process due to the difficulty in obtaining the weight coefficients of the smart antenna and PN code acquisition jointly and adaptively. Yet, as the PN code is acquired, all M elements are used by Adachi et al. to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at a reverse link. We propose an efficient PN code acquisition scheme where all elements are employed during PN code acquisition. Also, we show that by using all elements, the PN code acquisition time can be shortened by at least 40% for a given signal-to-noise ratio and M=5, compared to the single element case. Furthermore, the power of a random access user signal in the reverse link can be lowered at least 3 dB. The additional computational load and complexity to use the proposed PN code acquisition are insignificant. 相似文献
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