化学药剂与苏云金杆菌综合防治法对大曲质量的影响研究

苏云金芽孢杆菌能产生对害虫有专一性毒杀作用的晶体蛋白,具有对人类健康和环境安全的优点。土耳其扁谷盗是危害大曲的主要酒曲害虫。研究结果表明:苏云金芽孢杆菌杀虫剂和磷化铝以0.4ml/L:0.006mg/L混合,在30℃条件下能杀死土耳其扁谷盗,且杀虫后大曲的糖化力、发酵力、微生物的数量变化极小。     

食品级惰性粉对储粮土耳其扁谷盗成虫的致死作用及体壁形态结构的影响

为明确食品级惰性粉对仓储害虫土耳其扁谷盗成虫的致死作用,采用拌粮法研究不同剂量食品级惰性粉对土耳其扁谷盗成虫的致死效果,结合扫描电镜观察惰性粉对其体壁形态结构的影响。结果表明,惰性粉对土耳其扁谷盗成虫有较强的致死作用,且随着使用剂量的增加和处理时间的延长,土耳其扁谷盗成虫的死亡率逐渐上升。当处理时间分别为24、48及72 h时,惰性粉的致死中量分别为8.3、5.6及4.1 mg/kg。扫描电镜观察结果表明,惰性粉能对土耳其扁谷盗成虫体壁形态结构造成明显的物理损伤。经惰性粉处理的土耳其扁谷盗成虫体表均匀粘附有惰性粉颗粒,体表刚毛出现损伤、缺失,体节及相关附肢关节,如头部与前胸、前胸与中胸、足的基节窝等处,发生明显的缢缩、间隙闭合。而对照组虫体体壁干净,各体节连接处舒展、正常。     

食品级惰性粉对土耳其扁谷盗成虫的致死作用及体壁形态结构的影响

为明确食品级惰性粉对仓储害虫土耳其扁谷盗成虫的致死作用,采用拌粮法研究不同剂量食品级惰性粉对土耳其扁谷盗成虫的致死效果,结合扫描电镜观察惰性粉对其体壁形态结构的影响。结果表明,惰性粉对土耳其扁谷盗成虫有较强的致死作用,且随着使用剂量的增加和处理时间的延长,土耳其扁谷盗成虫的死亡率逐渐上升。当处理时间分别为24、48、72 h时,惰性粉的致死中量分别为8.3、5.6、4.1 mg/kg。扫描电镜观察结果表明,惰性粉能对土耳其扁谷盗成虫体壁形态结构造成明显的物理损伤。经惰性粉处理的土耳其扁谷盗成虫体表均匀粘附有惰性粉颗粒,体表刚毛出现损伤、缺失,体节及相关附肢关节,如头部与前胸、前胸与中胸、足的基节窝等处,发生明显的缢缩、间隙闭合。而对照组虫体体壁干净,各体节连接处舒展、正常。     

不同发育虫态扁谷盗属对S-烯虫脂耐受性研究

扁谷盗属是一类世界性重要的储藏物害虫。目前由于抗药性、可用技术广谱性和成本较高等问题,使得该类虫害的防治受到严重的挑战。针对杀虫剂抗药性问题,我们积极采取了各种措施包括多样化杀虫剂方式,杀虫剂组合如保幼激素类似物(JHA)与其他药剂复配。保幼激素类似物(JHA),如s-烯虫酯,具有很好的安全性和对多种仓储害虫有效性的特点。了解影响可替代技术效果的关键因素才能进行有效的防治管理。此外,了解害虫所有发育阶段的耐药性表达非常重要,因为药剂应用环境中所有虫态都存在。我们测定了扁谷盗属不同虫态及其F1种群对s-烯虫酯的耐受性。从发育阶段来看,成虫耐受性最高,其次是卵,然后是幼虫,其耐受性与F1代中的蛹大致相同。通过比较不同虫种的结果表明,最敏感的是长角扁谷盗,而耐受性最高的是土耳其扁谷盗。当浓度达到30mg/L及以上,锈赤扁谷盗和长角扁谷盗孵化率均小于50%,而土耳其扁谷盗需达到80mg/L时孵化率才低于50%。在幼虫期,仅需施用5 ppm s-烯虫酯,三个扁谷盗虫种死亡率都超过50%。在试验期间,s-烯虫酯并未完全抑制扁谷盗后代的产生,但即使在0.5 ppm浓度下,也会导致所有扁谷盗属的成虫显著减少。本研究这些结论可以得出,s-烯虫酯对这三个虫种非常有效,可作为储粮害虫综合防治的潜在手段。     

极端温度对三种扁谷盗属储粮害虫的致死作用

分析了42～62 ℃的极端高温、10～25 ℃的常规温度和-5～-15 ℃的极端低温对三种扁谷盗属害虫的致死作用,研究了极端低温下锈赤扁谷盗、长角扁谷盗和土耳其扁谷盗对温度的敏感差异性,评估了控温储粮技术防治扁谷盗害虫的可行性。在极端高温下, 54 ℃处理75 min、58 ℃处理60 min、62 ℃处理45 min能够完全杀灭锈赤扁谷盗成虫。在常规温度下,锈赤扁谷盗幼虫12 d死亡率低于30%,其死亡数量随时间的延长而增大。在极端低温下,长角扁谷盗对极端低温较为敏感,其次为土耳其扁谷盗、锈赤扁谷盗。极端温度防治害虫的有效性取决于有效的温度、足够的暴漏时间和处理物料的安全性。极端低温通常比极端高温需要更长的暴露时间,但长时间暴露在极端温度下被处理商品受损的风险将进一步增大。     

电子束辐照防治扁甲科害虫及对小麦品质影响

采用电子加速器对长角扁谷盗、锈赤扁谷盗和土耳其扁谷盗成虫及小麦进行辐照处理,研究了0~1 000 Gy的电子束辐照对这3种试虫的致死效应,分析了它们对辐照的敏感性,以及0~5 000 Gy剂量辐照下小麦的加工品质。结果表明,辐照剂量越高,3种试虫的死亡速度越快;100 Gy的剂量辐照后,试虫在18 d内全部死亡;3种试虫对辐照的敏感性差异不显著,辐照后第12天,长角扁谷盗、锈赤扁谷盗和土耳其扁谷盗成虫的LD_(99)分别为280.2、260.4、281.3 Gy。电子束辐照对小麦的出粉率、湿面筋含量影响不显著(P0.05),但经2 000 Gy以上剂量辐照的小麦粉的面团形成时间和稳定时间显著下降(P0.05)。因此,100~2 000 Gy辐照剂量可以作为辐照防治扁甲科储粮害虫的适宜剂量。     

电子束辐照防治3种扁甲科储粮害虫及对小麦加工品质的影响

针对储粮害虫的磷化氢抗性问题,采用电子加速器对长角扁谷盗、锈赤扁谷盗和土耳其扁谷盗成虫及小麦进行辐照处理,研究了0-1000 Gy的电子束辐照对这三种害虫的致死效应,分析了它们对辐照的敏感性,并研究了0-5000 Gy剂量辐照下小麦的加工品质。结果表明,电子束辐照处理对三种害虫的致死规律大致相同,其对电子束的敏感性存在差异,但差异不显著。电子束辐照对小麦的出粉率、湿面筋含量影响不显著(p＞0.05),但面团的流变学特性变化明显。与对照相比,经3000 Gy及以上剂量辐照的小麦粉的面团形成时间和稳定时间显著下降(p<0.05)。因此,100-2000 Gy辐照剂量可以作为辐照防治扁甲科储粮害虫的适宜剂量。     

中温热处理对酒曲害虫杀灭效果的研究

通过设置不同温度和不同时间的热处理条件,研究咖啡豆象、土耳其扁谷盗两种酒曲害虫在裸露条件下和在酒曲介质存在条件下的致死情况。在 45 ℃、50 ℃及55 ℃热处理条件下,裸露条件下咖啡豆象校正死亡率达到100%的时间分别为180 min、20 min、9 min;土耳其扁谷盗校正死亡率达到100%的时间分别为750 min、60 min、12 min;酒曲介质存在条件下,咖啡豆象校正死亡率达到100%的时间分别为720 min、400 min、160 min;土耳其扁谷盗校正死亡率达到100%的时间分别为3 960 min、600 min、200 min。同时通过Logistics 模型分析发现,在相同的热处理条件下,咖啡豆象的半致死时间要短于土耳其扁谷盗的半致死时间。     

不同环境条件下锈赤扁谷盗呼吸速率的变化研究

摘要：本研究以储粮重要害虫锈赤扁谷盗为研究对象,旨在明确不同环境条件（不同温度和小麦湿度）对于不同发育阶段、不同磷化氢抗性水平的锈赤扁谷盗呼吸速率的影响。研究结果显示：锈赤扁谷盗成虫的呼吸速率显著高于幼虫,幼虫呼吸速率显著强于蛹;不同磷化氢抗性水平的锈赤扁谷盗,其呼吸速率均差异较大,且磷化氢高抗品系试虫的呼吸速率显著高于低抗品系试虫;锈赤扁谷盗呼吸速率随外界温度和小麦水分含量的增加,其呼吸速率均呈现上调趋势,且在35 ℃和14%小麦水质量分数的环境下,锈赤扁谷盗的呼吸速率达到峰值。本研究结果可为后续基于与呼吸速率相关的CO2信号开展储粮害虫实仓监测提供数据参考。     

苏云金芽孢杆菌对大曲害虫大谷盗的毒杀效果研究

采用苏云金杆菌防治大曲害虫,研究结果表明:在30℃条件下,苏云金芽孢杆菌液体制剂达到0.004mL/g的剂量,可使大谷盗毒的校正死亡率达91.8%,且杀虫后大曲的糖化力、发酵力、微生物的数量变化极小.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press