用涡轮流量计测量多相流流量

对涡轮流量传感器进行了理论分析,给出了涡轮流量计仪表常数的计算方法,讨论了获得较大固有仪表常数K0时涡轮传感器结构参数(如叶片数、涡轮半径、口径等)的优化组合问题,通过多相流动实验,总结出K0与流动密度之间的实验关系,由此给出用涡轮流量计测量多相流的半理论半经验公式,并在油井多相流量测量中得到了实际应用,符合较好.     

水阀内置流量传感器的结构设计

该文根据传感器旋转叶片的受力模型,推导出了传感器仪表常数的表达式,进而根据理论分析的结果设计了流量传感器的结构,这为后续内置流量仪表传感器的实验和仿真研究打下了基础.     

水阀内置流量传感器的仪表常数分析

该文对所设计的水阀内置流量传感器进行了理论分析,推导出了传感器仪表常数的表达式,并进行了试验验证,结果表明,所设计的流量传感器是合理的,给出的仪表常数表达式是正确的,这为指导传感器结构参数设计及现场使用条件变化时仪表系数变化规律的预测和估算打下了基础.     

涡轮流量计在脉动流中的特性研究

本文对涡轮流量计在脉动流中的特性进行了研究。利用涡轮流量传感器的数学模型,求出了在正弦脉动流作用下的角加速度与脉动频率及振幅的理论关系式,通过对不同脉动频率和振幅下涡轮流量计误差的编程计算,总结并验证了脉动流对涡轮流量计误差的影响规律。     

应用双光纤传感器的涡轮流量计结构、特性及试验研究

本文叙述了将反射型光纤传感器与传统的涡轮流量测量原理相结合,进行具有双光纤传感器的涡轮流量计的实验研究。与传统的内磁式涡轮流量计相比具备了正反流量测量的性能。实验研究结论表明：应用双光纤传感器涡轮流量计可进行双向流量测量,两个流量信号经鉴别电路实现了双向流动的检测。对于单向流量测量,也可通过流量计算机的算法消除因水击产生的脉动流造成涡轮往复震动而引起的计量误差。扩展了涡轮流量计的量程比,不存在内磁式传感器在低流速时与涡轮叶片产生磁阻而引起的误差。     

涡轮流量计高粘度变流速自适应算法研究

涡轮流量计应用十分广泛,但是当被测介质运动粘度较高时,涡轮流量传感器仪表系数随着流速的增加而变化,波动较大,其变化规律呈现非线性。本文研究了口径为DN10的涡轮流量计在流体介质粘度为43.49cSt条件下其仪表系数随流速变化的规律,通过在可变粘度标准装置进行的实验,得到实验数据,拟合出了高粘度涡轮流量计流速修正算法,运用该算法,可以将涡轮流量计的仪表系数精度由4.4%提高到0.83%,并对此算法了进行实验验证,证明了该算法的有效性。     

发展中的涡轮流量传感器

涡轮流量传感器(以往称“变送器”)与相应的显示仪表组成涡轮流量计。它是流量测量仪表门类中的一个重要产品系列,若应用于洁净的低粘度液体流量测量时,在相当宽的流量范围内,其测量精确度可达0.5％～0.15％,重复性可达0.1％～0.05％,这是     

具有流体速度分布修正性能的双涡轮质量流量计的结构与理论分析

阐述了一种具有旋转流修正性能双涡轮质量流量测量方法,包括传感器基本结构、动量矩理论模型及实现方法。在传统的动量矩理论模型的基础上,提出了不稳定流态下的第二涡轮修正方法,实验表明样机在1∶10量程内重复性误差在0.2%以内。     

小口径液体涡轮流量传感器数学模型的研究

针对磁阻力矩对小口径涡轮流量传感器性能影响较大,而对其定量计算又相当困难的问题,提出了利用计算流体力学(CFD)仿真获取磁阻力矩及轴与轴承间的摩擦力矩之和(TM)的方法,建立适用于小口径液体涡轮流量传感器的数学模型.利用完善后的数学模型对4种不同结构的10 mm口径涡轮流量传感器性能进行预测,并与实验结果进行对比分析....     

压力与流量的波动引起的涡轮流量计的误差

本文针对新研制的低能耗高精度涡轮流理计,就其变送器前后压力变化与流量变化研究了其与仪表精度之间的关系,并量化了这一因果关系,提出了改善该型流量计精度的途径。     

Measurements of Non-reacting and Reacting Flow Fields of a Liquid Swirl Flame Burner

The understanding of the liquid fuel spray and flow field characteristics inside a combustor is crucial for designing a fuel efficient and low emission device.Characterisation of the flow field of a model gas turbine liquid swirl burner is performed by using a2-D particle imaging velocimetry(PIV)system.The flow field pattern of an axial flow burner with a fixed swirl intensity is compared under confined and unconfined conditions,i.e.,with and without the combustor wall.The effect of temperature on the main swirling air flow is investigated under open and non-reacting conditions.The result shows that axial and radial velocities increase as a result of decreased flow density and increased flow volume.The flow field of the main swirling flow with liquid fuel spray injection is compared to non-spray swirling flow.Introduction of liquid fuel spray changes the swirl air flow field at the burner outlet,where the radial velocity components increase for both open and confined environment.Under reacting condition,the enclosure generates a corner recirculation zone that intensifies the strength of radial velocity.The reverse flow and corner recirculation zone assists in stabilizing the flame by preheating the reactants.The flow field data can be used as validation target for swirl combustion modelling.     

水平管内以叶轮起旋的螺旋流的数值模拟

采用RNG k-ε模型对水平管内以叶轮起旋的螺旋流的流动特性进行了数值模拟研究,通过试验验证了数学模型的准确性和可靠性。研究结果表明:叶片旋流器产生的旋流场,切向速度分布具有近似Rankine组合涡结构的特点,径向速度最大值达轴向速度的0.5倍。雷诺数对旋流强度影响较大,Re数越大,旋流强度越大,且旋流强度的衰减速率越小。强旋流使轴向逆压力梯度足够大而引发轴向回流,从而产生了中心回流区域;能够增加反应介质的滞留时间,提高气液两相的传质和传热效率,促进水合物浆体快速生成,保障管道安全输送。     

水液压节流阀流场仿真及与AMESim仿真的比较分析

为了对纯水液压节流阀的流场特性进行分析,建立了节流阀流道内流场的Fluent模型,仿真分析得到了流道内流场的速度、压力等物流量的分布。结果表明,阀腔内会产生回流和漩涡,随着阀口开度的改变,漩涡强度也会发生变化,流量与阀口开度呈一定的线性关系。通过与AMESim仿真结果进行比较,验证压电驱动节流阀仿真模型的准确性,为节流阀的设计和性能优化提供了依据。     

Numerical investigations on swirl intensity decay rate for turbulent swirling flow in a fixed pipe

Due to the importance of predicting the SIDR¹ associated with engineering problems such as combustion chambers, draft tube of the Francis and Kaplan turbines, heat exchanger tubes, separators and so forth, in this research the trend of SIDR and its affecting factors, through a turbulent swirl decay pipe flow have been investigated. The swirling flow is created by means of a rotating honeycomb which produces solid body rotation at the inlet of a fixed pipe. First of all, turbulent swirling decay flow has been numerically surveyed using different flow conditions at the pipe inlet. The numerical results have been validated and compared with the existing experimental data and mathematical relations, showing satisfactory coincide. The obtained results show that, the SIDR depends mainly on the Reynolds number of the passing flow. On this basis, correlations have been proposed in order to improve the predictions of swirl intensity decay rate at upstream regions as well as those with high swirl intensity. In addition, conducted analyses demonstrates (analyses have been made to demonstrate) that the previous developed correlations for predicting swirl intensity decay rate, agree with those provided in this study only for regions far enough from downstream having the low swirl intensity. This implies that the swirl intensity decay rate should be a function of the type of swirl generator at the pipe inlet.     

Effects of a swirling and recirculating flow on the combustion characteristics in non-premixed flat flames

The effects of swirl intensity on non-reacting and reacting flow characteristics in a flat flame burner (FFB) with four types of swirlers were investigated. Experiments using the PIV method were conducted for several flow conditions with four swirl numbers of 0, 0.26, 0.6 and 1.24 in non-reacting flow. The results show that the strong swirling flow causes a recirculation, which has the toroidal structures, and spreads above the burner exit plane. Reacting flow characteristics such as temperature and the NO concentrations were also investigated in comparison with non-reacting flow characteristics. The mean flame temperature was measured as the function of radial distance, and the results show that the strong swirl intensity causes the mean temperature distributions to be uniform. However the mean temperature distributions at the swirl number of 0 show the typical distribution of long flames. NO concentration measurements show that the central toroidal recirculation zone caused by the strong swirl intensity results in much greater reduction in NO emissions, compared to the non-swirl condition. For classification into the flame structure interiorly, the turbulence Reynolds number and the Damkohler number have been examined at each condition. The interrelation between reacting and non-reacting flows shows that flame structures with swirl intensity belong to a wrinkled laminar-flame regime.     

正反接方式下角座阀内介质的流动特性分析

针对不同连接方式下角座阀内介质的流动特性开展数值模拟和实验研究。采用RNG k-ε湍流模型, 结合标准壁面函数法, 计算阀内流场。通过流量系数的实验数据和计算结果对比, 验证了数学模型和计算方法的准确性。在此基础上, 对正接和反接方式下角座阀内的流动核心区域、速度场和压力场进行对比分析。结果表明:正接方式下, 角座阀具较高的流通能力, 阀芯附近流动核心区域的面积更大, 并且在阀门出口下侧存在较大的漩涡, 会导致流阻增加。两种连接方式下, 阀芯中央截面处均出现二次流, 其中正接方式具有更高的流动不稳定性。     

水平管气液衰减螺旋流的流型及压降发展

气液衰减螺旋流在工业中应用广泛,但是对其中的关键问题,衰减影响下的螺旋流发展运动规律认识不清。通过室内试验研究空气-水两相流在内径25 mm、长4 m的水平管中流型和压降沿流向的变化规律。通过可视化试验获得叶片式起旋器下游不同位置处的螺旋流流型,测量下游沿流向不同区间的压降波动信号。试验发现,在离心力作用下,螺旋流中气液相界面发生重构,形成螺旋流中特有流型。但是由于离心力的衰减,导致螺旋流流型不断变化,逐渐转变成非旋流流型。流动压降沿流向逐渐降低,最终趋于非旋流压降;不同螺旋流流型的维持距离不同,同时也受来流气液相雷诺数的影响。基于流型及压降分析,获得起旋器下游不同位置处的螺旋流流型图。     

Suppression of unsteady swirl flow in the draft tube of a Francis hydro turbine model using J-Groove

The pressure fluctuations of the turbines are caused by the swirl component in the draft tube, which is an undesired phenomenon that needs to be improved when the turbine operates in the off-design condition. In order to avoid these kinds of unsteady flow phenomena, a technology of J-Groove on the draft tube wall is investigated by numerical method. The validation test of performance is conducted to compare the result of numerical and experimental methods. The steady and unsteady state analyses are conducted to investigate the internal flow of a Francis hydro turbine model draft tube with and without J-Groove. The swirl flow in the draft tube is significantly suppressed by the J-Groove installation. Moreover, according to the unsteady state analysis, the amplitude of pressure fluctuation in the draft tube is reduced effectively by the J-Groove.

     

Systematic investigation of pipe flows and installation effects using laser Doppler anemometry—Part II. The effect of disturbed flow profiles on turbine gas meters—a describing empirical model

For systematic investigations of installation effects and for finding efficient ways to minimise these effects, a research project was initiated at the PTB. It covers the design of an automated test facility using a laser Doppler anemometer, the measurement of velocity profiles downstream of several pipe configurations and flow conditioners, as well as the measurement of the change in the gas meter behaviour, namely the shift of the error curve due to the disturbed velocity profiles.

Part I of this paper (presented in this issue) describes the test facility for the investigation of installation effects and shows the relation between pipe configuration and disturbed flow profile for a wide variety of pipe configurations and flow conditioners.

The second part compares the error shift of turbine meters with the characteristic of disturbed flow profiles. For this, three flow field parameters are used to quantify the disturbances of the velocity profiles such as the swirl intensity, flatness and asymmetry of the profile. Considering this, an empirical model is presented to explain the error shift of a turbine meter as a function of these three flow field parameters. The model will be verified for three types of turbine meters and the results will be discussed.     

Large-eddy simulation and acoustic analysis of a turbulent flow field in a swirl-stabilized combustor

To conduct a comprehensive study on the flow characteristics and acoustic oscillation in a gas turbine combustor, a 3D large-eddy simulation (LES) was implemented. The formulation consists of the Favre-filtered conservation equations of mass, momentum, and energy. The subgrid-scale dynamics are modeled using a compressible flow version of the Smagorinsky model. To investigate the dominant coherent structure, the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) method was used for post-processing. The combustor of concern is the LM6000, lean-premixed dry low-NOx annular combustor, developed by General Electric Aircraft Engines (GEAE). Four important characteristics of swirl flow are visualized: vortex breakdown, procession and dissipation of vortical structures, recirculation zones, and helical waves immediately downstream of the swirl injector. It is shown that the turbulent motion of swirl flow directly affects acoustic oscillation through the cycle and spectral analysis. The four most dominant acoustic modes are extracted from the flow field by the POD analysis. The transverse modes in the y and z directions are dominant in all four modes, since the pressure fields are significantly affected by swirl flow.