中链甘油三酯及其在食品工业中的应用

作为一种新型的功能性配料，中链甘油三酯具有广泛的工业用途。本文综述了国内外中链甘油三酯的研究进展，包括中链甘油三酯的理化性质、代谢特征和生理功能。最后还简要介绍了中链甘油三酯在食品工业中的应用。     

中链甘油三酯微胶囊的体外释放及对小鼠脂质代谢的影响

采用喷雾干燥技术制备中链甘油三酯微胶囊,将中链甘油三酯固态化,方便食品添加和储运;以人工胃液模拟体外释放,初步研究了中链甘油三酯微胶囊的缓释特性;并以基础合成饲料、长链甘油三酯微胶囊高脂饲料(长链甘油三酯供能占总能量30%左右)和中链甘油三酯微胶囊高脂饲料(中链甘油三酯供能占总能量30%左右)分别饲喂小鼠,并观察5周内小鼠健康状况和体质量、血清甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)含量、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量、饲料消耗量的变化,研究中链甘油三酯对小鼠脂质代谢的影响。结果表明,中链甘油三酯微胶囊在人工胃液中可缓慢释放6h,能够缓解中链甘油三酯一次性摄入量超标引起的腹痛腹泻问题,膳食中添加中链甘油三酯微胶囊后,能降低体内TC和LDL-C的含量,中链甘油三酯微胶囊的高脂膳食具有预防肥胖、减少体质量增长和体脂累积、减轻肝脏脂肪沉积的作用,且其抑制体质量增长的机制与减少能量摄入量无关。     

中链甘油三酯的研究进展

中链甘油三酯独特的理化性质和代谢特点使其具有预防肥胖、改善机体糖脂代谢等多种功能,在食品、医药、化妆品、饲料等多种行业得到广泛应用。本文对中链甘油三酯的理化性质、代谢特点、功能性质及安全性进行综述。     

中链甘油三酯

对中链甘油三酯进行了初探，并对它的物理化学性质和生理功能特性进行讨论，提出了其在医药、饲料等各方面的应用，亦对它的制备及应用前景进行了论述。     

中碳链脂肪酸甘油三酯的研究进展

中碳链脂肪酸甘油三酯作为一种高效消化吸收的结构脂质和控制脂肪吸收的低能油脂,不仅能够控制肥胖和降低血清胆固醇,还能够抑制或限制组织中的胆固醇沉积物。与普通植物油脂相比,中碳链脂肪酸甘油三酯独特的理化性质和代谢途径使其具有特殊的营养价值、药用价值和生理功能。本文对中碳链脂肪酸甘油三酯的理化性质、制备、代谢特征和生理功能等方面进行简要的概述,以期为中碳链脂肪酸甘油三酯在食品、医药和日用化工等领域的应用提供有益参考。      

中链甘油三酯的制备、分析及应用研究进展

中链甘油三酯是指含有长度为C₈～C₁₂的脂肪酸的甘油三酯,同普通的植物油脂相比,其具有黏度小、表面张力小、氧化稳定性好等独特的理化性质和在人体中代谢速度快等特性。它既可作为治疗脂肪吸收不良、高血脂、肥胖等疾病的功能食品,又可作为食品添加剂和化妆品辅料,在食品工业、医药品及日用化工等领域具有广阔的应用前景。该文简述了中链甘油三酯的合成制备途径、分析检测技术以及其在食品、医药、化妆品领域的应用,以期为中链甘油三酯的开发与应用提供进一步研究参考。     

中链甘油三酯抗疲劳作用及其机制研究

研究中链甘油三酯(MCT)的抗疲劳作用及其相关的机制。将KM雄性小鼠100只随机分为5组,每组20只,每组再随机分成2个小组,每小组10只,分别为安静对照组(CC_1和CC_2)、游泳对照组(SC_1和SC_2)、低剂量组(SL_1和SL_2)、中剂量组(SM_1和SM_2)、高剂量组(SH_1和SH_2)。1小组SC_1、SL_1、SM_1和SH_1在灌胃给药30 d后用于无负重游泳60 min实验,测定各生化指标;2小组SC_2、SL_2、SM_2和SH_2小鼠在灌胃给药30 d后用于负重游泳力竭实验,测定负重游泳力竭时间。结果表明:与游泳对照组相比,MCT可以显著延长小鼠负重游泳力竭时间,降低运动后血清尿素氮含量和血清乳酸含量,减少血糖和肝糖原消耗,提高肝脏超氧化物歧化酶活性、谷胱甘肽含量和游离脂肪酸含量,降低肝脏丙二醛含量,提高血清乳酸脱氢酶活性。因此,MCT具有抗疲劳的作用,且以低剂量组效果最明显。     

中长链甘油三酯对大鼠肝脏脂质代谢的调节作用

为研究中长链甘油三酯(MLCT)在短期内对大鼠肝脏脂质组成及脂代谢的影响,选取雄性SD大鼠随机分为空白对照组、中长链甘油三酯组(MLCT组)、中链甘油三酯组(MCT组)、高油酸菜籽油组(HORO组),每日以1g/100g体重的剂量灌胃相应脂质2周。结果显示:与HORO组相比,MLCT显著降低大鼠血浆中甘油三酯(TG)和总胆固醇(TC)的含量,且降低低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)的含量;MLCT显著抑制大鼠肝脏质量的增加,降低肝脏中TC、TG含量,使载脂蛋白A1/载脂蛋白B比值显著性升高。各组大鼠肝脏中甘油三酯、磷脂(PL)的脂肪酸组成变化显著,说明摄入不同脂质可导致肝脏脂肪酸组成的改变。MCT组大鼠肝脏中激素敏感性脂肪酶(HSL)、环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)和蛋白激酶A(PKA)水平最高,脂肪甘油三酯脂酶(ATGL)水平最低。相反,HORO组的HSL、cAMP和PKA水平最低,而ATGL水平最高。MLCT组上述脂质代谢相关酶水平均介于MCT、HORO组之间,且均高于对照组。本研究表明,MLCT在2周内可有效改善大鼠体内脂质代谢,提高肝脏中脂质代谢的效率,从而降低脂代谢以及相关疾病的发生风险。     

中链脂肪酸在烹饪油中的应用研究进展

中链脂肪酸具有独特的营养功能,易消化吸收,能快速转化为能量。由于其低烟点、易起泡的局限性使其作为烹饪油使用存在一定的缺陷,而通过酯交换技术开发的中长链脂肪酸食用油,能很好提高烟点和减少起泡,可以作为普通烹饪油应用。同时综述了中长链脂肪酸食用油在动物和临床研究中能减少体脂肪的积累和保持健康体重的保健功能。     

中碳链脂肪酸甘油三酯制备方法的研究进展

中碳链脂肪酸甘油三酯是一种天然油脂的改性产品,因其具有消化吸收快,能量易释放等优点被广泛用于营养、医药、化妆品等领域。对中碳链脂肪酸甘油三酯的理化性质和制备方法进行了综述,以期为进一步研究中碳链脂肪酸甘油三酯的高效合成及工业化生产提供参考。     

中碳链甘三酯的合成研究

以樟树籽仁油为原料,通过正交实验法研究了用醇解法合成和纯化中碳链甘三酯的生产工艺,得到了中碳链甘三酯生产工艺的最佳条件及产品的物性参数.结果表明,该法工艺简单、能耗小、副产物易于分离且环境污染小.通过对所得产品的物化参数与国外中碳链甘三酯产品标准对比,表明用醇解法合成和纯化中碳链甘三酯的生产工艺是切实可行.     

响应面分析法优化中链甘油三酯微胶囊的制备

为优化以麦芽糊精为壁材制备中链甘油三酯微胶囊的工艺条件,在单因素试验的基础上,选取芯材与壁材质量比、乳化剂用量、乳状液固形物质量分数为自变量,微胶囊化效率为响应值,根据Box-Benhnken中心组合试验设计原理采用三因素三水平的响应面试验,依据回归分析确定最佳制备条件.结果表明,中链甘油三酯微胶囊最佳制备条件为:芯材与壁材质量比3.56:6.44,乳化剂用量3.59%,乳状液固形物质量分数27.6%.在此条件下微胶囊化效率预测值为96.58%,验证值为96.53%.     

用于水酶法提取中碳链油脂菌株的筛选与鉴定

筛选和应用产中性蛋白酶能力强、产脂肪酶能力很弱的耐中碳链脂肪酸型菌株,是提高水酶法提取樟树籽仁油产品得率及质量的关键。使用樟树籽仁粕粉平板富集,脱脂奶平板法、油脂平板法初筛,福林酚法、樟树籽仁培养基摇瓶复筛等方法,自樟树籽仁油生产废渣中筛选出产中性蛋白酶活力达4536.5 U/m L、产脂肪酶活力只有0.088 U/m L、适用于水酶法提取樟树籽仁油等中碳链油脂的菌株Z16。经过形态学、生理生化特征及16S r DNA分子生物学鉴定,确定菌株Z16为解淀粉芽孢杆菌（Bacillus amyloliquefaciens）。解淀粉芽孢杆菌Z16所产中性蛋白酶在50℃温度下的酶活力最高,Mn2+对其有明显的激活作用,其适宜酶解温度为40⁴5℃、适宜酶解p H为7.0。      

The effects of feeding medium-chain triglycerides on the growth, insulin responsiveness, and body composition of Holstein calves from birth to 85 kg of body weight

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of feeding calves isocaloric, isonitrogenous diets that varied in the amount and type of fatty acids on growth, response to an insulin challenge, and body composition. Thirty-six calves were assigned to a randomized block design with 3 dietary treatments, 10 calves per treatment, and a baseline group of 6 calves. Three different milk-replacer-based diets were designed to deliver less than 2% of the lipid as medium-chain triglycerides (control; diet contained no added medium-chain triglycerides), 32% medium-chain triglycerides primarily as caprylate (CAP oil), and 32% of fatty acids primarily as laurate from coconut oil (CCO). Calves were offered 0.28 Mcal of intake energy/kg of body weight (BW)^0.75 from d 1 to 7 and 0.32 Mcal of intake energy/kg of BW^0.75 adjusted weekly for BW from d 8 to harvest. Dry matter, intake energy, crude protein, and fat intakes were 53.7 kg, 281.8 Mcal, 14.6 kg, and 13.0 kg; 56.6 kg, 297.2 Mcal, 15.8 kg, and 14.2 kg; and 53.8 kg, 280.4 Mcal, 15.4 kg, and 13.3 kg for the control, CAP oil, and CCO treatments, respectively. Dry matter, energy, protein, and fat intakes did not differ among treatments. At approximately 65 kg of BW, 5 calves per treatment were given an insulin challenge. After the challenge the decrease in plasma glucose concentration was greater for the calves fed the CAP oil diet compared with those fed the control and CCO diets. Calves were harvested at approximately 88 kg of BW. Empty body gains were 0.92, 0.79, and 0.87 kg/d for control-, CAP oil-, and CCO-fed calves, respectively, and the gains of the CAP oil-fed calves were less than those of the control-fed calves. Empty body crude protein, ash, and water were not different among treatments. Empty body retained energy and fat tended to be 5.6 and 8.7% greater for calves consuming the CCO diet than for those fed the control diet. The livers of calves consuming the CCO diet were 330 g heavier and contained 15% more fat than the livers of the control and CAP oil calves. The results of this study demonstrate that the energy demand of the calf to maintain body temperature resulted in increased oxidation of intake energy; thus, overall body composition differences could not be detected. However, the intake of CCO increased the accumulation of lipid in the liver and carcass despite the apparent cold stress conditions.     

甲醇钠催化酯交换制备中/长链结构甘三酯

以中碳链链甘三醋和大豆油为原料,以甲醉钠为催化剂催化醋交换反应合成中/长链结构甘三酯.研究了反应温度、反应时间和甲醇钠添加童3个因素对酯交换反应的影响.结果表明,反应温度50℃,反应时间20min,甲醉钠添加童(以油质童计)0.3%时酯交换反应达到最佳状态,产物中中/长链结构甘三酯的含童为75.29%.通过正交极差分析得出,甲醉钠添加量是影响酯交换反应的主要因素,其次是反应温度,反应时间的影响较小.     

High-oil-load encapsulation of medium-chain triglycerides and D-limonene mixture in modified starch by spray drying

Oil mixtures of medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) and D-limonene in mixing ratios from 10 to 100 wt% were encapsulated in modified starch (wall material) by spray drying to produce oil-rich powders. The oil load (mass ratio of oil mixture to wall material) of the infeed emulsion markedly influenced the properties of the infeed liquid and the characteristics of the resulting powder. The viscosity of the infeed liquid and the particle size of the powder exponentially decreased with increasing oil load, while the emulsion droplet size in the infeed liquid increased. In addition, retention of D-limonene during spray drying also decreased markedly with increasing oil load. Irrespective of the different oil loads and concentrations of the wall material, D-limonene retention was well correlated with the emulsion droplet diameter of the infeed liquid. The encapsulation efficiency of the oil mixture exhibited a maximum value (almost 100%) at an oil load between 0.5 and 1.0, before decreasing at higher oil loads. At an oil load of 2.0, the encapsulation efficiency of D-limonene was reduced to almost zero, while around 40% of the initial MCT was encapsulated in the powder. The increase in oil load also led to increased amounts of surface oil of MCT and D-limonene in the resulting powder due to the increasing emulsion droplet diameter of the infeed liquids. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This study proposes the microencapsulation of medium-chain triglycerides under high-oil-load conditions by spray drying. The powders prepared by this process provide significant benefits in terms of rapid energy conversion after consumption without accumulation in the body. Important quality factors of the powder products such as the encapsulation efficiency and the amount of surface oil were examined to understand the optimum process conditions for spray drying.