TMPSHSO4催化N2O5/有机溶剂硝化2,6-二乙酰氨基吡啶-1-氧化物

以2,6-二乙酰氨基吡啶-1-氧化物（DAPO）为原料,在Ⅳ,Ⅳ,Ⅳ-三甲基-N-丙磺酸基-硫酸氢铵（TMPSHSO4）催化条件下,采用N2O5／有机溶剂硝化2,6-二乙酰氨基毗啶制得2,6-二氨基-3,5-二硝基吡啶-1-氧化物（ANPyO）。考察了在TMPSHSO4催化条件下反应溶剂、温度和时间对ANPyO产率的影响,结果表明最佳反应条件为：反应溶剂为CH3NO2,反应温度为60℃,反应时间为5h,ANPyO产率为92．5％。用^1HNMR,IR和MS对ANPyO的结构进行了表征。     

3,6-二氨基-1,2,4,5-四嗪-1,4-二氧化物的合成放大与性能研究

以3,6-对(3,5-二甲基吡唑)-1,2-二氢-1,2,4,5-四嗪(BDT)为起始物,经两步反应得到了30克级3,6-二氨基-1,2,4,5-四嗪-1,4-二氧化物(DATZO2),总产率46.8%。其中,以用氧气取代氮氧化物为氧化剂获得了合成四嗪类高氮含能材料的重要中间体3,6-对(3,5-二甲基吡唑)-1,2,4,5-四嗪(BT)。对不同合成条件和重结晶条件下获得产物的微观结构进行了表征,并对其感度进行了测试。对产物的热分解性能进行了研究,获得了DATZO2的热分解动力学参数和机理函数。     

ZnBr2催化合成5-氨基四唑

以ZnBr2为催化剂，双氰胺和叠氮化钠在水溶液中反应合成了5-氨基四唑。考察了反应物摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应温度和反应时间对反应的影响。结果表明，当n（叠氮化钠）：n（双氰胺）=1：1．6，催化剂用量n（叠氮化钠）：n（溴化锌）=1：0．3，反应温度75～85℃，反应时间5．5h时，5-氨基四唑平均收率达83．6％。因此ZnBr2是催化合成5-氨基四唑的优良催化剂。     

一种改进的3-氨基-4-硝基呋咱合成方法

以3,4-二氨基呋咱(DAF)为原料,过氧化氢为氧化剂,以钨酸钠-草酸为共催化剂,代替传统合成方法的钨酸钠-浓硫酸共催化剂,合成了3-氨基-4硝基呋咱(ANF)。采用正交设计的方法,考察了反应时间、反应温度和共催化剂用量对产率的影响,最终得到ANF合成的较佳工艺条件:反应时间6h,反应温度30℃,共催化剂与原料摩尔比1∶1,在上述条件下ANF产率可达33.7%。     

3,6-二肼基-1,2,4,5-四嗪及其盐的合成与表征

以三氨基胍盐酸盐和2,4-戊二酮为原材料,通过成环反应,氧化脱氢,肼基取代,三步合成了3,6-二肼基-1,2,4,5-四嗪,同时,对3,6-二肼基-1,2,4,5-四嗪的含能盐的合成进行了研究。对文献报道的反应路线进行了适当的放大研究。通过红外光谱分析、元素分析、质谱分析和1HNMR等方法对产物的结构特征进行了鉴定。     

［MIMPS］［HSO4］催化N2O5硝化2,6-二乙酰氨基吡嗪-1-氧化物

制备了1-磺酸丙基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸氢盐[MIMPS][HSO4]离子液体,以[MIMPS][HSO4]作为催化剂,应用于N2O5/有机溶剂硝化2,6-二乙酰氨基吡嗪-1-氧化物合成2,6-二氨基-3,5-二硝基吡嗪-1-氧化物(LLM-105).通过1 H NMR,IR和MS对LLM-105及其中间体的结构进行了表征.研究了在[MIMPS][HSO4]催化条件下,反应溶剂、催化剂用量、反应温度和反应时间对LLM-105收率的影响,结果表明最佳反应条件为:采用CH3NO2为反应溶剂,反应温度为55 ℃,反应时间为6h,LLM-105的收率为72.2％.研究了[MIMPS][HSO4]的循环使用性能.结果表明,平行实验5次,平均收率71.7％,具有较好的可再生利用性.     

3位氨基或硝基取代5-硝基-1,2,4三唑衍生物的合成与表征

以3-氨基-5-硝基-1,2,4三唑(ANTA)、3,5-二硝基-1,2,4三唑的铵盐(ADNT)及2,4,6-三硝基氯苯为原料,设计、合成了1-苦基-3-氨基-5-硝基-1,2,4三唑,4-苦基-3,5-二硝基-1,2,4三唑2种未见文献报道的硝基三唑衍生物,其熔点分别为251～252℃,156～157℃,同时改进了2,4,6-三(3-氨基-5-硝基-1,2,4三唑)-1,3,5-均三嗪合成方法,并采用红外光谱、核磁共振光谱、元素分析等对目标化合物进行了结构表征。探讨了3-氨基-5-硝基-1,2,4三唑与2,4,6-三硝基氯苯缩合反应机理,并研究了反应介质、催化剂等关键因素对缩合反应的影响。确定适宜的反应条件为:DMF作为介质,温度70℃,时间8h。     

3,6-双(1-氢-1,2,3,4-四唑-5-氨基)-1,2,4,5-四嗪的合成及其性能

研究了低感度高氮化合物3,6-双(1-氢-1,2,3,4．四唑-5-氨基)-1,2,4,5-四嗪(BTATz)的合成,并通过元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR等对其结构进行表征和确认;测试了BTATz的部分理化性能,BTATz在钝感炸药和低特征信号推进剂极具应用潜力。     

富氮化合物研究进展

富氮化合物是具有良好应用前景的烟火型气体发生剂原料，对具有含氮量高、热稳定性好和生成焓高的一些四唑、四嗪、呋咱类富氮化合物的合成方法及它们的性能进行了综述，重点描述了3，6-(1H-1，2，3，4-四唑-5-氨基)-1，2，4，5-四嗪(BTATZ)、3，3′-偶氮双(6-氨基-1，2，4，5-四嗪)(DAAT)、1，1′-二甲基-5，5′-偶氮四唑(DMATZ)和3，6-(2H-5-四唑基)-1，2，4，5-四嗪(BTT)的合成路线。     

1-氨基-1,2,3-三唑的替代亲核取代反应研究

采用1-氨基-1,2,3-三唑为氨基化试剂,通过三硝基苯(TNB)的替代亲核取代(VNS)反应制备钝感炸药三氨基三硝基苯(TATB),产率90.6%,HPLC纯度大于99%。讨论了关键反应条件对TATB收率的影响。在优化反应条件下,考察了苯环上不同硝基取代度对该VNS反应收率的影响,以TNT、硝基苯、间二硝基苯为底物进行VNS反应,分别合成了二氨基三硝基甲苯(DATNT,产率40.5%)、1,3-二氨基-2,4-二硝基苯(DADNB,产率54.5%)、对硝基苯胺(产率38.4%)。提出了1-氨基-1,2,3-三唑作为氨基化试剂进行VNS氨基化反应的反应机理。     

Nitrosation and Nitration of Tetraacetyldibenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane

Tetraacetyldibenzylhitane (TADBIW) was subjected to debenzylation by nitrosating with inorganic materials available commercially to synthesize tetraacetyldinitrosohexaazaisowurtzitane (TADNSIW). TADNSIW was purified, and its structure was determined by FTIR, 1H NMR, MS and element analysis. The debenzylation reaction of TADBIW gave quantitative benzaldehyde as a by-product. This indicates that the reaction produces an imine cation as an intermediate. Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) was prepared from unpurified TADNSIW with the yield over 96.0 % and the purity more than 98.0 %. And the mechanism of the reaction from TADNSIW to HNIW is proposed to be oxidation of nitroso and nitration of acetyl on the molecule of TADNSIW, This reaction system involved is simple, and the reaction can complete within a short time and under mild conditions. The product can be easily to separate and the waste disposed readily.     

A Robust Algorithm for Watermarking 2D Vector Maps with Low Shape-Distortions

The technique of watermarking has been introduced into 2D vector maps for many potential applications such as protecting the copyright of important GIS （geographical information system） data and tracing the data source of military maps. In most previous works, although the validity of the map data could be preserved during the embedding procedure, the shape-distortions of the map elements are usually neglected which would tend to degrade the invisibility of the watermarking schemes. A shape-preserving algorithm for watermarking 2D vector maps is presented in this paper. A 1D distance sequence extracted from the original map is adopted as the cover data instead of 2D coordinates. A watermark bit is represented by changing the distributions of the cover data. The embedding procedure induces lower shape-distortions than in former works. Experimental results indicate better invisibility of the proposed scheme, as well as its robustness to certain attacks such as map simplification, interpolation, additive noise and most geometric transforms.     

Open Rule-setting System Applied to Conceptual Design of Engines

Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.     

Research on Linux Network Device Driver

By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux （kernel version 2.6.11 ） is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.     

Improvement and Experiment of the Reamer in Vibra Cutter Against Wave Edge of Titanium Sheet Alloy Parts

By analyzing the influencing factors of part quality making of sheet alloy of titanium by vibra cutter, the shape of upper reamer is set as cylinder and wedge-shaped form, and the lower reamer as plain and hemicycle form, and its main structural parameters are defined as well. Then it is validated further that such improved vibra cutter reamer can be used to process curve-edged parts of titanium alloy sheet. The experimental result shows that the titanium alloy sheet parts processed by above equipment have no sharpen angles for convex parts and evident crevasse of concave-edged part. In summary, such improvement can eliminate the free-waved edge and improve the manufacture quality of titanium alloy sheet parts greatly.     

Experimental Study on the Small Flyer Initiating Behavior of Fine-grained Explosives

The initiating behavior of fine-grained explosives by small flyer is studied. The diameter of small flyer in this device is 1 ram. The test results indicate that the granularity of explosives has great effect on its flyer initiating sensitivity.The flyer initiating sensitivity of the fine-grained explosives is higher and the critical initiating energy is lower than that of common explosives. For common explosive, the flyer initiating sensitivity increases as the density is reduced. But for the fine-grained explosive, the test results are exactly opposite.     

Algorithm for Multi-laser-target Tracking Based on Clustering Fusion

Multi-laser-target tracking is an important subject in the field of signal processing of laser warners. A clustering method is applied to the measurement of laser warner, and the space-time fusion for measurements in the same cluster is accomplished. Real-time tracking of multi-laser-target and real-time picking of multi-laser-signal are introduced using data fusion of the measurements. A prototype device of the algorithm is built up. The results of experiments show that the algorithm is very effective.     

Influence of Installing Error on the Surface Shape Precision of the Axial Symmetry Aspheric Workpiece in Lapping

A method to calculate the surface shape error, which is caused by the installing error between the workpiece and the lapping tool in the process of form lapping, is proposed. The mathematical model which the installing translation error influences on the workpiece surface shape error is established. The changing rule of the error is simulated through the calculating example of the paraboloid workpiece. The results indicate that the surface shape error of the workpiece is increasing with the increase of the installing translation error, it is also increasing gradually along the center point of the curve surface to the edge, and the influence is severer to the curve surface with great curvature than that of the small curvature when the translation error is the same.     

Experimental Research on Output Performances of Giant Magnetostrictive Actuator

The paper introduces the performances of magnetostrictive actuators and its applications, discusses the design methods for the structure and internal magnetic circuit of a giant magnetostrictive actuator, and makes tests on the output displacement and force characteristics for an actuator using homemade magnetostrictive material. The experimental result shows that the actuator has satisfactory output precisions and ranges in transient and stable states, and can be used in lowfrequency vibration control system of precise equipment.     

Robust Graded Sliding Mode Tracking Control for Low Speed Spinning Ballistic Missiles

The nonlinear dynamic model of spinning ballistic missiles is established during the first boosting phase of the missile. Based on the conventional backstepping sliding mode control and the assumption of a two time-scale separation of missile dynamics, a graded sliding mode controller is designed with two sub-sliding surfaces which have invariability to external disturbances and parameter perturbations, and a matrix which comprises three first order low pass filters is introduced to prevent ＂explosion of terms＂. Owing to the upper bounds of the uncertainties are difficult to obtain in advance, adaptive laws are introduced to estimate the values of the uncertainties in real-time. Eventually, the numerical simulation results given to show the proposed controller can ensure the steady flight of missiles.