斜生栅藻对乙酰甲胺磷的急慢性毒性响应

为了解有机磷农药乙酰甲胺磷污染对本土水生敏感性物种斜生栅藻（ Scenedesmus obliquus）的毒性效应,在实验室条件下采用静态毒性试验,研究了乙酰甲胺磷对斜生栅藻96 h急性毒性效应,并在急性试验基础上进行慢性试验,分析了斜生栅藻连续染毒14 d的叶绿素质量浓度、可溶性蛋白质量分数以及丙二醛（ MDA）质量摩尔浓度的变化．结果表明：乙酰甲胺磷的96 h EC50为482.9 mg/L,属低毒农药,但在1 mg/L低质量浓度下可促进藻细胞生长;乙酰甲胺磷对栅藻光合作用无明显影响,但可通过干扰藻细胞代谢活动和引起膜脂过氧化反应,对斜生栅藻产生毒性作用;可溶蛋白和MDA可作为有效的生物标志物对农药引起的毒性做出评价．研究结果可为本土水生敏感性物种的保护和农药安全使用标准的制定提供理论依据．     

铜绿微囊藻衰亡过程中产甲烷动态及关键影响因子

为探究铜绿微囊藻水华自然衰亡和水华堆积区藻快速衰亡对CH₄释放的影响,构建了室内模拟实验,研究了铜绿微囊藻自然衰亡和快速衰亡过程中水环境因子和CH₄、CO₂气体释放通量的变化。结果表明：高密度铜绿微囊藻衰亡中水环境因子和产气的变化遵循相似的时间模式,且衰亡对CH₄和CO₂的产生有显著的促进作用。自然衰亡和快速衰亡的CH₄累积释放量分别为对照组的22.80倍37.72倍,CO₂累积释放量分别为对照组的5.36倍和4.03倍。自然衰亡与快速衰亡的总碳（C）释放量差异不大,但快速衰亡释放的气体组分中CH₄的占比是自然衰亡的1.86倍。相关性分析表明,溶解性有机碳（DOC）是铜绿微囊藻衰亡中影响CH₄和CO₂释放的主导因子,且DOC中的芳香蛋白类物质和溶解性微生物代谢产物是CH₄和CO₂产生的主要底物来源。     

盐酸恩诺沙星对斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquus)的致毒效应

为探讨水产养殖中氟喹诺酮类药物残留对水生生物的毒性效应,研究了盐酸恩诺沙星对斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquus)的急性毒性.结果表明,药物质量浓度为31.25,62.5,90,125,250μg/mL的各药物质量浓度组对斜生栅藻的生长均有抑制作用,并且随药物处理质量浓度的增大,藻细胞的生长逐渐降低,显示出明显的剂量效应关系.盐酸恩诺沙星对斜生栅藻的24,48,72,96h的EC50值分别为59.70,62.75,114.67,100.43μg/mL,叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量随着盐酸恩诺沙星处理质量浓度的增大呈现相同的变化趋势.     

丝状藻响应温度变化的生长及功能特性

针对近年来丝状蓝藻水华的频繁暴发问题,研究了3种常见丝状藻生长对温度的响应以及生长与功能特性间的关系。结果表明：温度由15℃增加至30℃,拟柱孢藻比生长速率由0.28 d^-1增加为0.70 d^-1,光合活性（F_v/F_m）在0.40~0.61范围内波动,单位藻细胞溶解性总氮（DTN）和溶解性反应磷（SRP）消耗量也分别增加了6.36 mg-DTN/mg-Chl.a、0.15 mg-SRP/mg-Chl.a;伪鱼腥藻比生长速率从0.12 d^-1到0.60 d^-1,F_v/F_m在15℃时达到最低,为0.12,单位藻细胞氮磷消耗量也分别增加了21.72 mg-DTN/mg-Chl.a、1.71 mg-SRP/mg-Chl.a;水华束丝藻比生长速率从0.20 d^-1到0.44 d^-1,F_v/F_m受影响较小,单位藻细胞氮磷消耗量也分别增加了12.29 mg-DTN/mg-Chl.a、0.83 mg-SRP/mg-Chl.a。温度升高都会促进3种丝状藻生长,拟柱孢藻易在大于30℃高温下形成优势;伪鱼腥藻温度适应范围广,但温度低于15℃会抑制伪鱼腥藻生长;水华束丝藻最佳生长温度为25℃,并可在15℃时取得优势,耐低温能力较强。另外,丝状藻可通过权衡藻细胞生理特性以维持不同温度下的生长优势。     

栅列藻蛋白质提取液促进人子宫颈癌细胞的生长研究

本文采用ＭＴＴ［３（４，５ｄｉｍｅｔｈｙｌｔｈｉａｚｏｌ－２ｙｌ）－２，５ｄｉｐｈｅｎｙｌｔｅｔｒａｚｏｌｉｕｍｂｒｏｍｉｄｅ］快速微量比色技术发现斜生栅列藻（Ｓｃｅｎｅｄｅｓｍｕｓｏｂｌｉｑｕｕｓ）蛋白质提取液可促进动物细胞的生长．在０．５％胎牛血清（ＦＢＳ）的ＲＰＭＩ１６４０培养液中，加入９５μｇ／ｍｌ栅列藻提取液可使人子宫颈癌细胞（ＨｅＬａｃｅｌ）比对照组细胞增殖３倍左右．这种刺激动物细胞生长的活性物质分子量在３５００－８０００道尔顿（ｄａｌｔｏｎｓ）之间，经胰蛋白酶处理或高温处理后均失去活性     

不同预氧化剂对铜绿微囊藻细胞的灭活

为比较不同预氧化剂对藻细胞的处理效果及其机理,在高锰酸钾灭活藻细胞研究的基础上,采用次氯酸钠与臭氧对铜绿微囊藻进行灭活实验.结果表明:次氯酸钠和臭氧对藻类的灭活反应均符合二级动力学模型;次氯酸钠较易引起铜绿微囊藻细胞萎缩破裂,从而导致细胞内代谢有机质的释放,对藻细胞的灭活动力学常数为(220±3)L·mol-1·s-1,不同初始次氯酸钠浓度对动力学常数无明显影响;臭氧对于铜绿微囊藻细胞有极强的氧化作用,细胞灭活速率常数达(2 655±15)L·mol-1·s-1,能迅速引起藻细胞破裂及胞内代谢有机质的释放,不同初始臭氧浓度对动力学常数无明显影响.3种氧化剂对铜绿微囊藻细胞的灭活速率由大到小依次为:臭氧次氯酸钠高锰酸钾.电镜扫描结果显示,臭氧与次氯酸钠在氧化过程中比高锰酸钾更易引起藻细胞破裂及IOM的释放.     

掺硼金刚石薄膜电极电化学氧化对铜绿微囊藻的生长抑制

阳极材料采用掺硼金刚石薄膜板状电极,研究了电化学氧化中电流密度、电解时间、pH、氯离子浓度、硫酸根离子浓度对铜绿微囊藻生长抑制的影响,以及电解前后藻细胞形态的变化。结果表明,4个影响因素对铜绿微囊藻生长抑制效果显著。抑藻效果随电流密度、电解时间的增加而增加,电流密度为17 mA/cm²时藻细胞出现破裂、细胞内物质流出的现象,抑藻效果较好;当电解时间为20 min时,可完全抑制藻细胞生长;再增大电解时间,对抑藻效果无明显促进作用,初始pH在中性及酸性条件下可完全抑制藻细胞生长。抑藻效果与溶液中氯离子、硫酸根离子浓度成正相关,当溶液中氯离子浓度为6 mg/L时,可完全抑制藻细胞生长;无氯离子时,藻细胞在4 d后出现继续增长现象。     

微囊藻毒素-LR的分离纯化

微囊藻毒素-LR （MC-LR）是淡水蓝藻产生的毒性极强的毒素,通过接触、饮用等途径对人体健康造成极大威胁。通过对产微囊藻毒素-LR的铜绿微囊藻进行培养,采用超声波破碎、溶剂萃取法进行萃取,并经高效液相色谱法进行纯化,最终获得微囊藻毒素-LR纯品,为微囊藻毒素-LR的进一步研究奠定基础。     

低温磷酸镁水泥混凝土的力学性能

基于响应曲面法设计试验,研究不同环境温度（0、-20 ℃）下水胶比（W/C）、集胶比（G/C）、氧化镁与磷酸盐质量比（M/P）对磷酸镁水泥（MPC）混凝土抗压强度和抗折强度的影响。使用Design-Expert软件对数据进行分析处理,得到的回归模型反映了3个因素对低温环境下MPC混凝土力学性能的影响规律。3个因素对低温环境下混凝土强度的影响程度为：W/C>M/P>G/C,MPC混凝土抗压强度和抗折强度随W/C的增大而降低。-20 ℃环境下MPC混凝土抗压强度和抗折强度随G/C的增大而降低,随M/P的增大而增大;0 ℃环境下抗压强度随G/C的增大而增大,随M/P的增大而降低;抗折强度随G/C的增大而降低,随M/P的增大而降低。-20 ℃环境温度下MPC混凝土7 d抗压强度和抗折强度在W/C为0.14、M/P为5.0、G/C为2.0时达到最大值。0 ℃环境温度下MPC混凝土7 d抗压强度在W/C为0.14、M/P为3.0、G/C为3.0时达到最大值;7 d抗折强度在W/C为0.14、M/P为3.0、G/C为2.0时达到最大值。模型预测强度值与试验实际强度值之间偏差不超过10%,模型显著性良好。     

温度和光照对铜绿微囊藻生长的影响

铜绿微囊藻（Microcystis aeruginosa）是常见的水华蓝藻,对湖泊和水库的环境造成恶劣影响.在室内研究了温度和光照度对铜绿微囊藻生长的影响,以期为水华的监测和分析提供数据支持.研究结果表明：铜绿微囊藻喜好高温,在水温30～35,℃时生长最佳,在水温30,℃时获得最大细胞密度;而水温低于20,℃时生长缓慢.铜绿微囊藻对光照度要求不高,较低光照度即可快速增长,光照度2,000～6,000,lx适宜铜绿微囊藻快速增殖,在4,000,lx时生长最快.     

Photocatalytic inhibition of cyanobacterial growth using silver-doped TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> under UV-C light

Capacity of the silver-doped TiO₂ under UV-C light to restrain cyanobacterial growth was explored with Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 and Microcystis aeruginosa as test species. The survival, chlorophyll bleaching, photosynthetic activity, DNA breakages, antioxidant enzyme activities, lipid peroxidation, and cellular morphologic structure of test cyanobacteria were analyzed. The results indicate that the test cyanobacteria with UV-C photocatalysis by silver-doped TiO₂ sufferd from effects of reactive oxygen species, which promote the damage of the cell wall and the peroxidation of cell membranes, and subsequently, aggravate the losses of cell organelle and viability. The results suggest that UV-C photocatalysis by the silver ions doped TiO₂ could be a promising method to prevent fast and excessive growth of cyanobacteria in eutrophic water sources. Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30540070), and the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (No.20060487018)     

3株高效除磷细菌的分离鉴定及磷去除途径分析

从稳定运行的厌氧/好氧/缺氧序批式反应器（A/O/A-SBR）中筛选分离得到3株高效除磷细菌,通过形态观察、生理生化试验及16S rRNA基因序列分析进行物种分析,确定3株细菌分别为不动杆菌属（Acinetobacter）、克雷伯菌属（Klebsiella）和肠杆菌属（Enterobacter）,NCBI保存登录号分别为OL519151、OL519152、OL519153。以pH值、温度及碳源种类作为影响因子,分析细菌生长特性和除磷率,同时分析无机磷和有机磷在细菌胞内、溶解性微生物产物（SMP）及胞外聚合物（EPS）中的分布转化规律。结果表明：在最佳环境条件下,Acinetobacter sp. PK01、Klebsiella sp. PK02和Enterobacter sp. PK03菌株的最高除磷率分别达到89.4%、85.43%和76.95%。其中,Acinetobacter对环境中磷的去除主要依靠吸收胞外无机磷,并以多聚磷酸盐的形式储存于体内,该途径去除了基质中54.93%的磷;Klebsiella对环境中磷的去除主要依靠EPS合成和吸附作用,该途径去除了基质中47.18%的磷;Enterobacter主要依靠多聚磷酸盐和EPS的合成作用,去除了基质中48.32%的磷。     

Isolation, identification and characterization of cadmium-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain E1

Strain E₁ with resistance to 18 mmol/L cadmium (Cd), isolated from Cd-contaminated soil was identified by morphological observation, biochemical and physiological characterization and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The resistance to heavy metals Cd, Cu, Co, Mn, Pb, Zn and 12 antibiotics was examined. The ability of removing Cd from solution was studied. The characterizations show that strain E₁ is affiliated to Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). Strain E₁ has high resistance to heavy metals and the order is found to be Cd>Mn>Zn>Cu>Pb>Co in solid media. Strain E₁ also exhibits the resistance to 12 antibiotics. Both living and non-living cells of strain E₁ can remove Cd from solution, and living cell has better biosorption than non-living cell. Foundation item: Project (50621063) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China; Project (2004CB619204) supported by the Major State Basic Research and Development Program of China     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">In situ</Emphasis> preparation of nanoparticles/polymer composites

Nanoparticle (NP) is the matter between molecule and bulk material. It has attracted much attention in catalysis, optoelectronics and biology due to its unique physical and chemical properties. Incorporation of these NPs into the polymer matrix is one of the best methods to display their special functions, which not only stabilize the NPs but also realize the functional assembly of NPs and polymers. However, realization of this idea depends largely on the compatibility of NPs and polymers as well as the interaction between them. Therefore, many methods have been developed to prepare the composites of NPs and polymers in order to obtain the function expected. In this review, we mainly focus on the combination of in situ method with other methods to synthesize different functional one-dimension, two-dimension as well as bulk composites, which has been recently developed by our group. The most striking character of our method is the excellent compatibility between NPs and polymers which ensures a homogeneous distribution of NPs in the polymer matrix. The existence of the polymer network makes the NPs more stable, and is significant for displaying their functions. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 2007CB936402, 20534040) and Science Foundation for Young Teachers of Northeast Normal University (Grant No. 20070306)     

一类带有函数指数的Logistic方程正解的有界性

本文讨论RN空间中一类带有函数指数的Logistic微分方程正解的有界性。利用Sliding Method和比较原理得出结论,为讨论此类方程正解的唯一性打下基础。     

溶藻菌R1的溶藻特性

以铜绿微囊藻（Microcystis aeruginosa）为受试对象,考察了从太湖土著激荡鱼内脏中筛选的溶藻菌R1菌（Lysinibacillus macroides）的溶藻特性,通过chl-a测定、三维荧光技术,采用高温处置、酸碱处置、透析处置手段,HPLC分离技术,考察了溶藻效果、溶藻产物、溶藻机制及溶藻活性物质。结果表明：菌株R1具有较强的溶藻特性,10 d内chl-a含量从205.11 mg/L降至35.61 mg/L,溶藻率达82.64%;采用荧光强度表征溶藻率,10 d溶藻率达89.80%,与chl-a表征的溶藻率82.64%相近;R1溶藻活性物质是细菌分泌的胞外耐高温类物质,为小分子物质（Mr<500 da）,具有耐酸性碱性;荧光图谱EMMs结合平行因子PARAFAC模型谱分析显示溶藻过程中色氨酸增加,腐殖酸大量减少;主要溶藻产物为长波类类色氨酸类物质,主要为细胞的胞内物质;推测溶藻活性物质疏水性氨基酸（hydrophbic acid）;通过HPLC分离技术,从R1粗提液中分离出1馏分溶藻活性物质,成分还需要进一步的鉴定。     

Acidophilic bacterial community reflecting pollution level of sulphide mine impacted by acid mine drainage

To reveal the impact of mining on bacterial ecology around mining area, bacterial community and geochemical characteristics about Dabaoshan Mine (Guangdong Province, China) were studied. By amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis and phylogenetic analysis, it is found that mining pollution greatly impacts the bacterial ecology and makes the habitat type of polluted environments close to acid mine drainage (AMD) ecology. The polluted environment is acidified so greatly that neutrophil and alkaliphilic microbes are massively dead and decomposed. It provided organic matters that can make Acidiphilium sp. rapidly grow and become the most bacterial species in this niche. Furthermore, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Leptospirillum sp. are also present in this niche. The amount of Leptospirillum sp. is far more than that of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, which indicates that the concentration of toxic ions is very high. The conclusions of biogeochemical analysis and microbiological monitor are identical. Moreover, because the growth of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Leptospirillum sp. depends on ferrous iron or inorganic redox sulfur compounds which can be supplied by continual AMD, their presence indicates that AMD still flows into the site. And the area is closer to the outfalls of AMD, their biomasses would be more. So the distinction of their biomasses among different areas can help us to find the effluent route of AMD. Foundation item: Project(50621063) supported by the Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of China; Project(2004CB619201) supported by the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China