SBS／L／—PB／TEGDA（TMPTA）光敏体系的透光性和感光特性

本文在研究了ＳＢＳ／Ｌ／－ＰＢ／ＴＥＧＤＡ（ＴＭＰＴＡ）均相光敏体系对特定光源（低压汞灯，λ＝２５４ｎｍ）发射光吸收的基础上，按剩余膜产率（Ｙ）绘制出感光特性曲线（Ｙ－ｔ）确定出Ｙ随Ｌ－ＰＢ和ＴＥＧＤＡ（或ＴＭＰＴＡ）用量变化的规律，求算了优选体系的量子产率，以剩余膜产率和灰梯度尺法测定了上述体系的相对感度。     

含钾盐消焰剂的硝化棉基钝感推进剂燃烧性能研究

了含钾盐的硝化棉基钝感推进剂的燃烧性能。结果发现,钾冰晶石的加入严重地破坏了钝感推进剂的平台燃烧效应,而消焰剂ＫＤ对平台的破坏作用较小。含ＫＤ的推进剂燃速率和平台范围可通过组合催化剂的变化来调节。ＢＴＴＮ取代ＴＭＥＴＮ后,燃速有所增加,平台效率得以保持。添加硝基胍使得推进剂在８－９ＭＰａ燃速发生“突跃”高压下有平台区出现。     

Y－TYPE ZEOLITES AS MICRO－REACTORS FOR PHOTOCHEMICAL PREPARATION OF LARGE－RING COMPOUNDS

Ｙ－ＴＹＰＥＺＥＯＬＩＴＥＳＡＳＭＩＣＲＯ－ＲＥＡＣＴＯＲＳＦＯＲＰＨＯＴＯＣＨＥＭＩＣＡＬＰＲＥＰＡＲＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＬＡＲＧＥ－ＲＩＮＧＣＯＭＰＯＵＮＤＳ￥ＴＯＮＧＺｈｅｎｈｅ；（ＴＵＮＧＣｈｅｎｈｏ）；ＷＵＬｉｚｈｕ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＰｈｏ...     

CALIXE［4］ARENE AS A TEMPLATE FOR CONTROLLING REGIOCHEMISTRY OF PHOTODIMERIZATION OF 9－SUBSTITUTED AN

ＣＡＬＩＸＥ［４］ＡＲＥＮＥＡＳＡＴＥＭＰＬＡＴＥＦＯＲＣＯＮＴＲＯＬＬＩＮＧＲＥＧＩＯＣＨＥＭＩＳＴＲＹＯＦＰＨＯＴＯＤＩＭＥＲＩＺＡＴＩＯＮＯＦ９－ＳＵＢＳＴＩＴＵＴＥＤＡＮＴＨＲＡＣＥＮＥＬＩＹＩ；ＴＯＮＧＺＨＥＮ－ＨＥ（ＣＨＥＮ－ＨＯＴＵＮＧ...     

用DSC测定混合硝酸酯组成与熔点关系

用ＤＳＣ测定了硝化甘油（ＮＧ）、硝化二乙二醇（ＤＥＧＤＮ）和硝化三乙二醇（ＴＥＧＤＮ）熔点及ＮＧ／ＤＥＧＤＮ、ＮＧＴＥＧＤＮ组成与溶点关系。     

钝感推进剂研究进展及发展趋势

介绍了低易损炸药钝感机理和几种新型钝感推进剂的研究进展,总结了降低推进剂感度的技术途径及其发展趋势,认为对降低推进剂感度的含能黏合剂和真正钝感氧化剂的研制及其在推进剂中的应用将是今后研究的重点工作。     

三羟甲基乙烷三硝酸酯的热分解性能研究

利用高压ＤＳＣ研究了含能材料三羟甲基乙烷三硝酸酯（ＴＭＥＴＮ）的热分解特性,结果表明：尽管ＴＭＥＴＮ与硝化甘油（ＮＧ）结构相似,但ＴＭＥＴＮ的分解特性完全不同于硝化甘油。常压下,ＴＭＥＴＮ有一分解放热峰,而硝化甘油则是一吸热峰;有压力的情况下,ＴＭＥＴＮ有一主一次两个分解放热峰,这两个峰随压力增大,峰形、峰温、放热量都有所变化。研究获得了ＴＭＥＴＮ的动力学参数,对ＴＭＥＴＮ的分解机理也进行了分析讨论。     

ENHANCEMENT OF ENERGY TRANSFER FROM THE TERMINAL CHROMOPHORE OF POLYETHER TO EUROPIUM CATION（Ⅲ）VIA C

ＥＮＨＡＮＣＥＭＥＮＴＯＦＥＮＥＲＧＹＴＲＡＮＳＦＥＲＦＲＯＭＴＨＥＴＥＲＭＩＮＡＬＣＨＲＯＭＯＰＨＯＲＥＯＦＰＯＬＹＥＴＨＥＲＴＯＥＵＲＯＰＩＵＭＣＡＴＩＯＮ（Ⅲ）ＶＩＡＣＯＭＰＬＥＸＡＴＩＯＮＥＮＨＡＮＣＥＭＥＮＴＯＦＥＮＥＲＧＹＴＲＡＮＳＦＥＲ...     

LARGE SCALE PURIFICATION OF PHOSPHOGLYCERATE KINASE（PGK） AND GLYCERALDEHYDE 3－PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE（GAPDH） FROMYELLOW PEAS BY PEG／REPPAL PES AQUEOUS TWO PHASE SYSTEM AND ION EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY

ＬＡＲＧＥＳＣＡＬＥＰＵＲＩＦＩＣＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＰＨＯＳＰＨＯＧＬＹＣＥＲＡＴＥＫＩＮＡＳＥ（ＰＧＫ）ＡＮＤＧＬＹＣＥＲＡＬＤＥＨＹＤＥ３－ＰＨＯＳＰＨＡＴＥＤＥＨＹＤＲＯＧＥＮＡＳＥ（ＧＡＰＤＨ）ＦＲＯＭＹＥＬＬＯＷＰＥＡＳＢＹＰＥＧ／ＲＥＰＰＡＬ...     

超细HMX和RDX撞击感度的研究

利用爆炸概率法对超细奥克托今（ＨＭＸ）和黑索今（ＲＤＸ）的撞击感度进行了研究。试验结果表明：超细ＨＭＸ和ＲＤＸ的爆炸分数相比军用标准样品的值有较大幅度下降。文章分析了撞击感度降低的原因,并展望了超细炸药在高能量、低感度炸药研制中的重要意义。     

Rocket Propellants with Reduced Smoke and High Burning Rates

Rocket propellants with reduced smoke and high burning rates recommend themselves for use in a rocket motor for high accelerating tactical missiles. They serve for an improved camouflage on the battle field and may enable guidance control due to the higher transmission of their rocket plume compared to traditional aluminized composite propellants. In this contribution the material based ranges of performance and properties of three non aluminized rocket propellants will be introduced and compared to each other. The selected formulations based on AP/HTPB; AP/PU/TMETN and AP/HMX/GAP/TMETN have roughly the same specific impulse of I_SP = 2430 Ns/kg at 70:1 expansion ratio. The burning rates in the pressure range from 10–18 MPa vary from to 26–33 mm/s for the AP/HTPB propellant, 52–68 mm/s for the formulation based on AP/PU/TMETN and 28–39 mm/s for the propellant based on AP/HMX/GAP. With 58% and 20% AP-contents the propellants with nitrate ester plasticizers create a much smaller secondary signature than the AP/HTPB representative containing 86% AP. Their disadvantage, however, is the connection of high performance to a high level of energetic plasticizer. For this reason, the very fast burning propellant based on AP/PU/TMETN is endowed with a low elastic modulus and is limited to a grain configuration which isn't exposed too much to the fast and turbulent airstream. The mechanical properties of the AP/HMX/GAP-propellant are as good or better as those of the AP/HTPB propellant. The first one exhibits the same performance and burn rates as the composite representative but produces only one fifth of HCl exhaust. For this reason it is recommended for missile applications, which must have high accelerating power together with a significantly reduced plume signature and smoke production.     

三羟甲基丙烷三硝酸酯的热分解性能

利用高压DSC研究了三羟甲基丙烷三硝酸酯(TMPTN)的热分解特性.结果表明,尽管TMPTN与硝化甘油(NG)和三羟甲基乙烷三硝酸酯(TMETN)的结构相似,但TMPTN的热分解特性完全不同于NG和TMETN.常压下, TMPTN有两个峰,一个是熔化吸热峰,另一个是分解放热峰,而NG则是一个熔化吸热峰,TMETN是一个分解放热峰,没有熔化吸热峰;在高压下, TMPTN也有一个熔化吸热峰和一个分解放热峰,只是熔化吸热峰相对没有常压下的明显,随着压力的不同,峰形、峰温、放热量都明显不同.同时对TMPTN的分解机理进行了初步分析,并获得了TMPTN的热分解反应动力学参数.     

Sensitivity of Solid Rocket Propellants for Card Gap Test

Card gap test, which is standardized in Japan Explosives Society, was modified in order to apply it to solid rocket propellants and carried out to evaluate sensitivities against shock stimuli. Solid propellants tested here were mainly azide polymer composite propellants, which contained ammonium nitrate (AN) as a main oxidizer. Double base propellant, composed nitroglycerin and nitrocellulose (NC), and ammonium perchlorate (AP)-based composite propellants were also evaluated in order to compare with the azide polymer propellants. It is found that the sensitivity was dominated by the oxidizer characteristics. AP-and AN-based propellant had less sensitivity and HMX-based propellant showed higher sensitivity, and the adding of NC and TMETN were contributed to worse sensitive for the card gap test. Good relationship was obtained between the card gap sensitivity and the oxygen balance of propellants tested here.     

CL-20基高能低特征信号推进剂性能初探

开展了CL－20含量对推进剂能量性能、安全性能、燃烧性能的影响研究,研究结果表明：随着CL－20含量增加,推进剂理论比冲、密度、爆热增加,推进剂药浆、药块机械感度（冲击感度和摩擦感度综合考虑）增加,推进剂的燃速增加,含CL－20的推进剂配方的静态压强指数均低于不含CL－20的推进剂配方的压强指数。CL－20含量相同时,以NG／TEGDN为增塑剂的推进剂压强指数与以NG／BTTN的相当。     

Insensitive munitions (IM) and combustion characteristics of GAP/AN composite propellants

Sensitivities to the ballistic shock and burn rate characteristics of GAP/AN composite propellants were investigated. Nitrate esters, such as TMETN and NC, were very effective ballistic modifier that provided useable burn rate and pressure rate exponent for minimum signature propellant based on AN. Their low temperature mechanical properties became less sensitive to the temperatures with nitrate esters. Dioctyl adipate platicized propellant showed excellent mechanical properties at operational temperature ranges. The primary initiation mechanism of card gap test was not dominated by the mechanical properties. Although NC significantly increased the critical shock pressure, 14.8% HMX and AP were less effective to the sensitivities. GAP/AN propellants showed excellent IM characteristics to the ballistic shock applied here.     

Infrared Irradiance Reduction in Minimum Smoke Propellants by Addition of Potassium Salt

One of the plume characteristics of minimum smoke propellant is the infrared (IR) radiation signature, which may be useful for detection of rocket. The IR irradiance is known to be reduced by afterburning suppression in rocket plume by addition of potassium salt in propellant. The minimum smoke propellant with nitrate ester polyether (NEPE) binder system and nitramine oxidizers was researched for the afterburning and IR irradiance difference according to the content of potassium salt as afterburning suppressant in propellant formulation. The propellants were formulated to satisfy the level of AGARD smoke class AA and potassium sulfate was selected as afterburning inhibitor suitable for NEPE propellant. The afterburning flame length and mid‐range IR intensity were measured, while conducting static firing tests of 6 inch (15.24 cm) standard rocket motors loaded with minimum smoke propellants of the different contents of potassium sulfate. The total IR irradiance of HMX/RDX propellant with 1.1 % potassium sulfate was reduced to about 23 % compared to the propellant without afterburning suppressant due to the inhibition of afterburning. Also, the total IR irradiance of the HNIW (30 %)/RDX propellant was found to be almost three times more than that of the HMX/RDX propellant although the content of potassium sulfate was the same of 1.1 % in both propellants.     

Formulation and Characterization of a New Nitroglycerin‐Free Double Base Propellant

Double base propellants composed of nitrocellulose (NC) and nitroglycerine (NG) are widely used. However, the inclusion of liquid NG presents both stability and performance problems: the NG may migrate from the propellant in storage, and it softens the propellant at high inclusion levels. In this work, the novel nitrate ester 1,4‐dinitrato‐2,3‐dinitro‐2,3bis(nitratomethylene) butane (SMX) is considered as a replacement for NG in a double base propellant. Thermochemical calculations indicate improved performance when compared with the common double base propellant JA2 at SMX loadings above 40 wt‐%. Also, since SMX is a room temperature solid, migration may be mitigated. Both unplasticized and plasticized propellants were formulated to enable the study of the interaction of SMX with nitrocellulose. Thermal analysis of unplasticized propellant showed a distinct melt‐recrystallization curve, which indicates that a solid phase solution is being formed between SMX and NC, and that SMX would not act as plasticizer. Analysis of propellant prepared with diethyleneglycol dinitrate (DEGDN) plasticizer indicates that the SMX is likely dissolved in the DEGDN. The plasticized material also showed similar hardness and modulus to JA2. Safety characterization showed that sensitivity is similar to JA2. In short, replacing NG with SMX results in a new family of propellants with acceptable safety characteristics and which may also offer improved theoretical performance.     

高能推进剂钝感含能材料研究现状

钝感高能推进剂是当前固体推进剂的重要发展方向,降低高能固体推进剂感度主要技术途径是要采用低感度高能量的原材料,一方面是应用新型低感度含能原材料,另一方面是对现有含能原材料改性使之降低感度。高能推进剂所用钝感含能原材料主要分为3部分:能量高而感度低的氧化剂,低感度的含能黏合剂,低感度的含能增塑剂。在推进剂配方研制过程中通过选择应用这3类原材料来降低高能固体推进剂的感度,满足高能固体推进剂的钝感安全性能。论述了国内外上述3类钝感含能原材料的研究进展。     

含不同钾盐消焰剂的NC/TMETN推进剂熄火表面特征研究

利用扫描电镜（SEM）和能谱仪研究了含不同钾盐的NC／TMETN推进剂熄 火表面特征，研究结果表明，有机钾盐KD使用进剂熄火表面上Cu元素的含量降低，导致Pb和Cu的复合催化作用减弱，而KNO3使推进剂熄火表面碳含量降低，铅球尺寸增大，导致催化活性组分减少，催化作用减弱；K3AlF6与铅的氧化物在推进剂熄火表面形成了PbF4，从而完全破坏了铅化物的催化作用。