腐蚀磨损数学模型

测试了化学镀Ｎｉ－Ｐ合金静腐蚀、动腐蚀和腐蚀磨损试验结果。通过对试验结果的处理，建立了动腐蚀速率和腐蚀磨损速率与冲击速度Ｖ、介质浓度Ｃ的数学模型：Ｖ＝Ｋ１Ｖ＾ｎ１＋Ｋ２Ｖ＾ｎ２Ｃ＾ａ（ａ＝Ｋ３Ｖ＾ｎ３）。建立了腐蚀磨损速率Ｖｗｃ与纯磨损速率Ｖｗｏ、纯腐蚀速率Ｖｐｃ及动腐蚀速率Ｖｏｃ之间数学模型：Ｖｗｃ＝Ｖｗｏ＋Ｖｐｃ＋ＫｗｃＶｗｏ，Ｖｐｃ＝Ｖｗｏ＋（１＋Ｋｗ）Ｖｏｃ＋Ｋｗｃ（１＋Ｋｗ）ＶｗｃＶｏｃ     

DBM-g-PE与PVC的相互作用研究EI

采用固相接枝法制备了ＤＢＭ－ｇ－ＰＥ，用红外光谱分析证明了接枝物确实存在。ＰＶＣ／ＣＰＥ＝１００／５合金性能测定结果表明，添加５份接枝物的合金（Ａ），缺口冲击强度、拉伸强度分别为１８．２ｋＪ／ｍ２和５３．０ＭＰａ；而添加５份ＰＥ的合金（Ｂ），其相应性能为５．１ｋＪ／ｍ２和３３．８ＭＰａ。不加接枝物的合金（Ｃ），虽有高韧性，但拉伸强度却由５３．０ＭＰａ降至５０．２ＭＰａ。ＤＳＣ、ＳＥＭ的结果均表明，ＰＥ接枝ＤＢＭ后与ＰＶＣ的相互作用增强，与ＣＰＥ协同作用能增韧、增强ＰＶＣ，并探讨了其机理。     

串联2—2复合材料的介电击穿

串联２－２型压电复合材料结构较为简单,它是研究具有复杂连通性压电复合材料的基础。本文从能量的角度推导出串联２－２复合材料中压电陶瓷层上的电场强度Ｅｃ＝εｐＶｃεｐ＋εｃ（１－Ｖｃ）Ｅｏ和聚合物层上的电场强度Ｅｐ＝εｃＶｃεｐ＋εｃ（１－Ｖｃ）Ｅｏ。由于压电陶瓷的介电常数εｃ（≈１６００ε０）远远大于聚合物的介电常数εｐ（≈１２ε０）,因此Ｅｐ远远大于Ｅｃ。尽管聚合物的介电强度高于压电陶瓷的介电强度,但由于Ｅｐ远远大于Ｅｃ,所以串联２－２型压电复合材料的介电击穿往往是从聚合物层开始的,最后导致复合材料整体被击穿。     

脉冲激光线源在半无限各向同性媒质中的声激发

如果在ｚ≥０的半无限各向同性媒质中，在ｚ＝ｈ处有一平行于Ｙ轴的线状Ｐ－ＳＶ波力源ｆ，该力源可以用势函数ＴΦ和Ψ来表示：且而在ｚ≥０空间的位移场ｕ，也可用势函数和表示：势函数和满足方程：（３）式中：Ｃ＝（λ＋２μ）／ｐ，ｃ＝μ／ｐ分别为媒质中的纵波和横波波速，ｐ是媒质密度，而λ和μ是媒质的Ｌａｍｅ常数。对式（３）作双重变换，（ｘ，ｔ）→（ｋｘ，ｓ）：ｅ－ｓｔｄｔ对于ｚ＝０是自由界面时，可以求得：式中：Ｒｐｐ，Ｒａｓ和Ｒｓｐ，Ｒｓｐ分别是反射和模式转换系数，且：Ｒ（户）一４ｐ。＜７＋（ｃＦ。一Ｚｐ。…     

RF等离子体CVD合成氮化碳薄膜的XPS研究

采用射频等离子体化学气相沉积技术合成氮化碳薄膜，测量其Ｘ射线光电子能谱（ＸＰＳ），获得两组Ｃ（１ｓ）电子和Ｎ（ｌｓ）电子结合能，它们是Ｅ（Ｃ＾１）＝３９８．０￣３９８．７ｅＶ，Ｅ（Ｃ＾２）＝２８４．６￣２８４．８ｅＶ；Ｅ（Ｎ＾１）＝３９８。０￣３９８．７ｅＶ，Ｅ（Ｎ＾２）＝４００．０￣４００．９ｅＶ。证实了薄膜中碳原子存在ｓｐ＾３杂化轨道成键和ｓｐ＾２杂化轨道成键两种键合形式。该方法合成的氮化碳薄     

固相法CPE增容PVC／LDPE共混体系的研究

通过力学性能试验、动态力学分析（ＤＭＡ）、电子显微镜观察，研究了固相法氯化聚乙烯（ＣＰＥ）对聚氯乙烯（ＰＶＣ）与低密度聚乙烯（ＬＤＰＥ）共混体系的增容作用。实验结果表明，ＣＰＥ的加入能明显改善ＰＶＣ／ＬＤＰＥ共混体系的相容性，显著提高共混物的力学性能，且低温氯化制得的ＣＰＥ的改善效果优于两段氯化制得的ＣＰＥ。电子显微镜观察表明，增容剂增加了共混体系相间相互作用或相界面粘附性，对共混体系的形态结构产     

二价离子替代的Nasicon及其应用研究

含二价阳离子的Ｎａｓｉｃｏｎ，Ｍ￣（２＋）Ｎａｓｉｃｏｎ（Ｍ＝Ｍｇ、Ｃａ、Ｓｒ、Ｚｎ）可由母体Ｎａ＿３Ｚｒ＿２Ｓｉ＿２ＰＯ＿（１２）（Ｎａｓｉｃｏｎ）为起始原料与相应的二价离子的盐浓液或熔盐进行离子交换而制得。Ｘ射线衍射分析结果表明离子交换后的产物Ｍ￣（２＋）－Ｎａｓｉｃｏｎ大多保持原母体的Ｃ＿（２／ｃ）结构。交流阻抗技术测定的电导率数据显示含不同的二价替代离子的Ｎａｓｉｃｏｎ的电导率相差甚大。其中最好的是Ｍｇ￣（２＋）－Ｎａｓｉｃｏｎ，其电导率在４００℃时可达到１．４８×１０￣（－２）Ｓ／ｃｍ。Ｍｇ￣（２＋）－Ｎａｓｉｃｏｎ用作微功率固态电池Ｍｇ／ＣｕＣｌ的电解质，该电池的开路电压为２．０７Ｖ，短路电流为１ｍＡ。平均放电电压为１．６Ｖ，电池的放电容量是３．４ｍＡＨ。     

聚合物辐射裂解分维与其分子链的运动

从分维理论出发，讨论了聚合物在辐射交联反应中裂解度（Ｐ）与辐照剂量（Ｒ）间的关系。发现分维参数与聚合物内聚能密度密度（Ｅｃ）的表征分子链运动的参数分子链横截面积（Ａｐ）之间有一一对应的关系。建议用方程Ａｐ＝（１／Ｄ－０．４４）／０．００９Ｅｃ计算聚合物的Ａｐ值。用本方法计算出的Ａｐ值与文献值较一致。     

聚乙烯亚胺在SiC粉体上的定量吸附研究

利用紫外一可见光谱研究了分散剂聚乙烯亚胺在粉体ＳｉＣ上的定量吸附情况．加入酸性ＰＥＩ后粉体ＳｉＣ表面的电性发生改变,等电点由ｐＨ＝２．０移至ｐＨ＝１０．５．分散剂在粉体上的吸附满足Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ单层吸附方程．对分散剂ＰＥＩ－Ｈ^＋（ｐＨ＝３．５７）来说,单层吸附值为０．０１７２ｍｇ／ｍＬ．对分散剂ＰＥＩ－Ｈ^＋（ｐＨ＝６６１）来说,单层吸附值为０．０２０８ｍｇ／ｍＬ．利用富利叶红外光谱证实了这种吸附作用．     

PVC／EPDM合金的制备与力学性能研究

研究了采用聚氯乙烯（ＰＶＣ）、三元乙丙橡胶（ＥＰＤＭ）为主体材料，氯化聚乙烯（ＣＰＥ）为增容剂，并配以其他助剂制备ＰＶＣ／ＥＰＤＭ合成。实验结果表明：选择ＰＶＣ３０、ＥＰＤＭ７０、ＣＰＥ３０、白炭黑３０～５０、过氧化二异丙苯（ＤＣＰ）２～３（均为质量份）及适量助剂，可制备性能较好的ＰＶＣ／ＥＰＤＭ合金。ＣＰＥ对ＰＶＣ／ＥＰＤＭ合金的增容效果同乙烯－醋酸乙烯共聚物相近，但优于丁腈橡胶。     

Determination of trace nickel in water samples by cloud point extraction preconcentration coupled with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry

A new method based on the cloud point extraction (CPE) preconcentration and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) detection was proposed for the determination of trace nickel in water samples. When the micelle solution temperature is higher than the cloud point of surfactant p-octylpolyethyleneglycolphenyether (Triton X-100), the complex of Ni2+ with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoyl-5-pyrazolone (PMBP) could enter surfactant-rich phase and be concentrated, then determined by GFAAS. The main factors affecting the cloud point extraction were investigated in detail. An enrichment factor of 27 was obtained for the preconcentration of Ni2+ with 10 mL solution. Under the optimal conditions, the detection limit of Ni2+ is 0.12 ng mL(-1) with R.S.D. of 4.3% (n = 10, c = 100 ng mL(-1)). The proposed method was applied to determination of trace nickel in water samples with satisfactory results.     

Interface Migration between Martensite and Austenite during Quenching and Partitioning (Q&P) Process

An Fe-0.2C-1.5Si-1.67Mn steel was subjected to quenching and partitioning (Q&P) process, and the interface migration between martensite and austenite at an elevated partitioning temperature was observed. The interface migration is excluded in constrained paraequilibrium (CPE) model. Based on "endpoint" predicted by CPE model the thermodynamic condition of interface migration is analyzed, that is, the difference in the chemical potential of iron in both ferrite (martenisite) and austenite produces the driving force of the iron atoms to migrate from one phase to the other phase. In addition, the interface migration can change the austenite fraction; as a result, the austenite fraction at partitioning temperature may be higher than that at quenching temperature through the interface migration, but this phenomenon cannot be explained by CPE model.     

FPE／CPE／PVC体系的界面粘结力、形态结构与性能的关系

用ＦＴ－ＩＲ光谱证实发了ＰＶＣ与ＦＥ-g-DBM(下称ＦＰＥ,用固相接枝法自制的固接枝物）之间存在着氢键和偶极－偶极的作用,其中以氢键作用为主。测定了ＰＶＣ／ＣＰＥ／ＰＥ和ＰＶＣ／ＣＰＥ／ＦＰＥ合金的力学性能,用ＤＳＣ、相衬显微镜及ＳＥＭ表征了这两个体系的形态结构、研究了共混物中界面粘结力与与形态结构、合金性能的相互关系。     

Hyperbaric reservoir fluids: High-pressure phase behavior of asymmetric methane +n-alkane systems

In this paper, experimental three-phase equilibrium (solidn-alkane + liquid + vapor) data for binary methane +n-alkane systems are presented. For the binary system methane + tetracosane, the three-phase curve was determined based on two phase equilibrium measurements in a composition range fromx _c24 = 0.0027 tox _c24 = 1.0. The second critical endpoint of this system was found atp = (1114.7 ± 0.5) M Pa.T = (322.6 ± 0.25) K, and a mole fraction of tetracosane in the critical fluidphase ofx _c24 = 0.0415 ± 0.0015. The second critical endpoint occurs where solid tetracosane is in equilibrium with a critical fluid phase (S _c24 +L =V). For the binary systems of methane with then-alkanes tetradecane, triacontane, tetracontane, and pentacontane, only the coordinates of the second critical endpoints were measured. The second critical endpoint temperature is found close to the atmospheric melting point temperature of then-alkane. The pressures at the second critical endpoints do not exceed 200 MPa. Based on these experimental data and data from the literature, correlations for the pressure. temperature, and fluid phase composition at the second critical endpoint of binary methane +n-alkane systems withn-alkanes between octane and pentacontane were developed.Paper presented at the Twelfth Symposium on Thermophysical Properties, June 19–24, 1994, Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A.     

Interface Migration between Martensite and Austenite during Quenching and Partitioning （Q＆P） Process

An Fe-0.2C-1.5Si-1.67Mn steel was subjected to quenching and partitioning （Q＆P） process, and the interface migration between martensite and austenite at an elevated partitioning temperature was observed. The interface migration is excluded in constrained paraequilibrium （CPE） model. Based on ＂endpoint＂ predicted by CPE model the thermodynamic condition of interface migration is analyzed, that is, the difference in the chemical potential of iron in both ferrite （martenisite） and austenite produces the driving force of the iron atoms to migrate from one phase to the other phase. In addition, the interface migration can change the austenite fraction; as a result, the austenite fraction at partitioning temperature may be higher than that at quenching temperature through the interface migration, but this phenomenon cannot be explained by CPE model.     

Fiber-optic polarization and phase modulator utilizing transparent piezofilm with indium tin oxide electrodes

A highly efficient optical polarization and phase modulator formed by the placement of a thin transparent piezofilm with indium tin oxide electrodes directly in the path of the output from an optical fiber is presented. Various configurations that differ in the clamping conditions, utilization of epoxy, and optical arrangement are presented. For a film thickness of 63.9 μm, a linear phase-shifting coefficient of 0.131 rad/voltage peak (Vp) at 2 kHz and of 0.508 rad/Vp at 7.4 kHz is demonstrated. An intrinsic birefringence of 0.0328 between the directions along the stretch and its perpendicular in the plane of the film has been measured. The polarization modulation coefficient was determined to be 0.323 rad/Vp at 8.423 kHz, corresponding to a half-wave voltage of 8.353 Vp. Applications of the device involving concurrent spatiotemporal polarization and phase modulation are indicated.     

Influence of Solid Fraction on Gravity Segregation of Sn in Al-20Sn Alloy Casting

The influence of solid fraction of Al-20Sn alloy mushy on gravity segregation of Sn in casting was studied and, the relationship between solid fraction and the temperature of alloy mushy and that between solid fraction of alloy mushy and size of Sn particle in ingot were determined. The results show that the relationship between solid fraction and the temperature of alloy mushy was fs=1683-4.86t+0.0035t2. The extent of gravity segregation of Sn in casting reduced gradually with the increasing of solid fraction of alloy mushy. When solid fraction of alloy mushy was arger than 40%, the gravity segregation of Sn in casting could be removed basically, and the relationship between solid fraction of alloy mushy and size of Sn particle in ingot was s=-0.64fs+70.8.     

Speciation of chromium in water samples with cloud point extraction separation and preconcentration and determination by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry

A novel method has been developed for the speciation of chromium in natural water samples based on cloud point extraction (CPE) separation and preconcentration, and determination by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). In this method, Cr(III) reacts with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoylpyrazol-5-one (PMBP) yielding a hydrophobic complex, which then is entrapped in the surfactant-rich phase, whereas Cr(VI) remained in aqueous phase. Thus, separation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) could be realized. Total chromium was determined after the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) by using ascorbic acid as reducing reagent. PMBP was used not only as chelating reagent in CPE procedure, but also as chemical modifier in GFAAS determination of chromium. The detection limit for Cr(III) was 21 ng L(-1) with an enrichment factor of 42, and the relative standard deviation was 3.5% (n=7, c=10 ng mL(-1)). The proposed method has been applied to the speciation of chromium in natural water samples with satisfactory results.     

类石墨烯/氯化聚乙烯-聚氯乙烯复合材料的制备与性能

采用微波辐照法制备了膨胀石墨(EG),利用EG、氯化聚乙烯(CPE)和聚氯乙烯(PVC)的固相剪切碾磨(S³M)制备了EG-CPE-PVC复合粉体,复合粉体进一步与PVC、热稳定剂和增塑剂混匀,经塑化和模压成型得到类石墨烯/CPE-PVC复合材料。用粒度分析、XRD、AFM、SEM和TEM等手段表征了复合粉体及其复合材料的结构与性能。结果表明: S³M实现了体系的粉碎、分散,EG片层的剥离及与CPE-PVC的纳米复合。CPE的加入实现了EG的进一步剥层,使EG片层的厚度达到1~3层,达到了EG的石墨烯化目标。当EG质量分数为3%时,类石墨烯/CPE-PVC复合材料的电导率呈指数上升,与PVC相比提高了8个数量级;当EG质量分数超过4%时,电导率再次激增,出现逾渗现象;在EG质量分数为5%时,电导率达到0.01 S/m,复合材料表现出良好的抗静电性能。     

固相法CPE非晶相中氯含量的WAXD法测定

本文采用迭代法对固相氯化法氯化聚乙烯(CPE)的广角X射线衍射(WAXD)数据进行处理,同时获得了固相法CPE非晶相含量和非晶相中氯含量的定量数据。实验结果表明:对于表现氯含量为2.1％～12.0％的CPE,其非晶相含量是原料PE的1.9～3.4倍,非晶相中的氨含量是表观氯含量的1.7～3.0倍。