柱弥散光源内部辐照组织的Monte-Carlo模拟和实验研究

为无损获取组织中光剂量分布信息,本文构建 了弥散光源内部辐照柱状组织的光学模型,利用Monte-Carlo模拟方法实现了 组织内光分布信息的无损预测, 有关模拟结果与实验测量结果基本一致。提出的模型模拟方法对于由弥散光源在组织内部实 施光辐照的临床医用中光剂量的无损确定和治疗方案的优化设计有实际价值。     

液体光吸收系数测量的研究

该系统采用双光路差比原理 ,通过测试信号和参考信号的比较处理 ,消除了整个系统中各部分相同性质的误差 ,从而提高了整个系统精度 ;为了消除液体中微小颗粒的光散射对吸收系数测试的影响 ,本系统采用了镀膜反射光管收集散射光 ,该技术对于不均匀介质吸收系数的测量特别是减少散射对光吸收系数测量的影响这一难题提供了一种解决方法。该测量系统测量精度为 0 .0 0 0 5 /m ,相对误差小于 10 %。本系统在设计开始就注意到系统各部分的可移植性 ,为以后整个系统的改进和扩展留有余地     

Light absorption distribution of prostate tissue irradiated by diffusing light source

Nitric oxide(NO)and nitric oxide synthase(NOS)have an important role in pain signaling transmission in animal models.Low-level laser therapy(LLLT)is known to have an analgesic effect,but the mechanism is unclear.The aim of the study is to investigate the influence of LLLT on NO release and NOS synthesis in dorsal root ganglion(DRG)neurons,in order to find whether LLLI can ameliorate pain through modulating NO production at the cellular level.The results show that in stress conditions,the laser irradiation at 658 nm can modulate NO production in DRG neurons with soma diameter of about 20μm in a short time after illumination,and affect NOS synthesis in a dose-dependent manner.It is demonstrated that LLLT might treat pain by altering NO release directly and indirectly in DRG neurons.     

Light absorption distribution of prostate tissue irradiated by diffusing light source

Determination of light absorption distribution in the prostate tissue irradiated by diffusing light source is important for the treatment planning.In this paper,a three-dimensional(3D)optical model of human prostate is developed,and the light absorption distribution in the prostate tissue is estimated by Monte Carlo simulation method.Light distribution patterns including 3D distributions in the tissue model irradiated by two diffusing light sources are obtained and compared.Also,the impacts of length and energy of cylinder diffusing light source on the irradiance volume are demonstrated.Those results will be significant for the nondestructive qualitative assessments of photodosimetry in biomedical phototherapy.     

基于光声光谱技术的大气气溶胶吸收系数测量

气溶胶光吸收特性是影响气溶胶大气辐射强迫的重要因素,光声光谱技术被认为是测量气溶胶光吸收特性的理想方法之一。利用扫描电迁移率粒径谱仪和自行设计的气溶胶吸收光声光谱仪对合肥郊区大气气溶胶的粒径分布和吸收系数进行了连续测量,获得了某一时段大气气溶胶粒径谱和吸收系数的变化趋势,分析发现大气气溶胶的吸收系数与其数浓度和粒径分布存在较好的正相关性,且碳质气溶胶的排放是影响该地区大气气溶胶光吸收特性的主要原因。     

利用自相位调制效应测量微结构光纤的非线性系数

报道了利用光纤中的自相位调制(SPM)效应对微结构光纤的非线性系数进行测量的实验.实验中采用半导体激光器作为脉冲光源,输出宽度为1.6 ps的双曲正割型脉冲,经掺铒光纤放大器(EDFA)放大后进入80 m的色散平坦微结构光纤,由于自相位调制效应,出射光谱得到展宽.通过测量输入微结构光纤的脉冲峰值功率和输出光谱,可以计算得到微结构光纤的非线性系数.该测量方法简单、准确,实验测量值与光纤的标称值误差小于1%.     

磷酸盐激光玻璃非激活吸收系数测量研究

介绍了高功率激光放大器系统中磷酸盐激光玻璃的静态透过率测量。在正常运行条件下,4片长按布儒斯特角放置的国产N31钕玻璃片对1.054um的激光波长平均静态透过率为94.5%,介质的损耗系数为0.294%cm-1,平均非激活吸收系数为0.146%cm-1。在此基础上对片状放大器的增益系数的测量结果进行了修正,获得了5.25%cm-1的小信号增益系数。     

利用双激光光源监测甲烷浓度的光吸收法光纤传感器

基于Lamber -Beer定律 ,利用波长为 1.3 3 μm的脉冲lnP/InGaAsP半导体激光器作为测量光源 ,用低损耗的光纤进行光信号的传输并以钽酸锂热释电探测器作光电转换器件 ,设计出了一种新颍的远距离监测甲烷浓度的光纤传感系统。以此光纤传感系统为探头 ,设计出了一种可实时监测甲烷浓度的仪器 ,并能实现 3km的远距离遥测。介绍了该光纤传感系统及由该光纤传感系统构成的监测仪器的基本结构与工作原理 ,讨论了其中的技术难点及其相应的解决方法 ,并给出了监测仪器相应的技术指标     

微型光纤F-P传感器用于材料热膨胀系数的测量

针对传统方法测量材料热膨胀系数受外界环境因素 影响较大和测试方法较为复杂,提出了 一种采用微型光纤法布里-珀罗(F-P)传感器测定光纤自身以及金属Al件热膨胀系数的 新方法。 采用HF腐蚀光纤的方式制作F-P传感器的工艺,在30～120℃的温度 范围内测得裸光纤的热膨胀系数为 5.2E-8K-1,同时将F-P传感器粘贴在金属Al件上,测得金属Al的热膨胀系数为23.25 E-8K-1。实验结果对比材 料自身在常温下的理论值具备很高的一致性,分析了误差产生的原因。实验结果表明,微型 光纤F-P传感器的制作工艺简单,测试方法稳定可靠,同时可以推广至高低温等恶劣环境下 的应用。     

Noninvasive measurement and analysis of intestinal myoelectrical activity using surface electrodes

Intestinal myoelectrical activity (IMA), which determines bowel mechanical activity, is the result of two components: a low-frequency component [slow wave (SW)] that is always present, and a high-frequency component [spike bursts (SB)] which is associated with bowel contractions. Despite of the diagnostic significance of internal recordings of IMA, clinical application of this technique is limited due to its invasiveness. Thus, surface recording of IMA which is also called electroenterogram (EEnG) could be a solution for noninvasive monitoring of intestinal motility. The aim of our work was to identify slow wave and spike burst activity on surface EEnG in order to quantify bowel motor activity. For this purpose, we conducted simultaneous recordings of IMA in bowel serosa and on abdominal surface of five Beagle dogs in fast state. Surface EEnG was studied in spectral domain and frequency bands for slow wave and spike burst energy were determined. Maximum signal-to-interference ratio (7.5 dB +/- 36%) on SB frequency band was obtained when reducing upper frequency limit of signal analysis. Energy of external EEnG in reduced SB frequency band (2-7.9 Hz) presented a high correlation (0.71 +/- 7%) with internal intensity of contractions. Our results suggest that energy of SB can be quantified on external EEnG which could provide a noninvasive method for monitoring intestinal mechanical activity.     

The measurement of radiating pattern by using the cylindrical function

The paper proposes a new method of measuring radiating patterns from antennas or EMI sources. In this method, the cylindrical function is adopted for the near-to-far-field transformation. The new measuring method does not require the large free space prescribed by FCC and CISPR. The radiated electric field is described by using the series cylindrical function, i.e. the Hankel function, with unknown series coefficients. Applying the boundary condition on the virtual boundary, which surrounds the radiating objects in free space, the unknown series coefficients in the radiated field can be determined. Using asymptotic expansion of the Hankel function with the known series coefficients, the far-field data, that is the radiating patterns, are given. In order to verify the proposed method, numerical experiments are performed with a line sources array. The results show good agreement with the array antenna pattern equation. Moreover, two types of measurement systems are suggested for the radiating patterns, both employing a vector network analyser. Accurate radiating patterns can be measured with compact systems using the proposed method.     

Strain measurement using frequency modulation fiber optic interferometer

The method for measuring the strain of an object using an optical fiber and a frequency modulation(FM)coupled carity semiconductor laser is pro-posed.This method uses the coherent FM heterodyne principle of the Michelson in-terferometer and can avoid the π/2 nonreciprocal phase bias and phase shifting problem existing in general fiber optic interferential sensors,the maximum detec-tion range is limited by the coherent length of the semiconductor laser and its rela-tive factor.     

Strain measurement using frequency modulation fiber optic interferometer

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Ionization coefficient measurement in GaAs by using multiplication noise characteristics

Multiplication noise measurements for p⁺n type (100) GaAs avalanche photodiodes with various n-layer dopings ranging from 6 × 10¹⁵ to 9 × 10¹⁶ cm^?3 confirmed that the ionization coefficient of electrons α is about two times larger than that of holes β in the electric field range from 2.4 × 10⁵ to 5.6 × 10⁵ V/cm. When pure electrons were injected into the avalanche region, the multiplication noise power was proportional to the 2.7th power of the multiplication factor and the ionization coefficient ratio $\text{k =}\text{β}\text{α}$ was constant, where k = 0.5 in the above electric field range. The result was consistent with the multiplication factor dependence on light wavelength. Using the constant ionization coefficient ratio k and the multiplication factor dependence on applied bias voltage, ionization coefficients α and β for electrons and holes were estimated.     

温度应变双参量同时测量的光纤传感技术研究

光纤光栅用于传感领域存在应变和温度的交叉敏感问题。从温度与应变的分离方法方面主要分双波长矩阵法和双参量矩阵法两类,综述了用于温度和应变同时测量的光纤光栅传感器的最新研究成果,对一些基于其他理论的新方法也做了简要的介绍。概括了各方法的基本原理,并对这些方案的优点和不足进行了分析。     

基于自适应卡尔曼滤波的光纤陀螺噪声系数估计方法

针对Allan方差法确定光纤陀螺ARW（angle random walk）噪声系数的一些不足,如大量存储数据、非实时处理、计算量大、耗时长等,提出了基于自适应卡尔曼滤波的光纤陀螺ARW系数在线估计方法.在角度随机游走、零偏不稳定性、角速率随机游走等主要噪声数学特性分析基础上,建立了光纤陀螺现代状态空间噪声误差模型,基于新息自适应卡尔曼滤波量测噪声协方差阵的迭代计算,实现光纤陀螺ARW系数的在线、实时估计,从而避免了存储大量历史数据,显著地减小了计算量,缩短了陀螺数据处理时间.数字仿真试验和光纤陀螺实测数据试验结果均验证了本文方法的可行性和有效性.     

光纤干涉法测量液体折射率随温度变化率

待测液体充入空心石英光纤中,构成多模光纤。采用双光纤干涉方法,测量了液体折射率随温度变化率,获得了较高的测量精度。     

Simple measurement of fiber dispersion and of chirp parameter ofintensity modulated light emitter

We report a novel method to measure two important parameters for optical fiber intensity modulated transmission systems: dispersion of optical fibers and chirp parameter of modulated light emitters. The method is easy, quick, and accurate for chirp parameter in the -10-to-10 range     

Noninvasive measurement of cardiac output using partial CO2 rebreathing

A noninvasive algorithm for estimating cardiac output is discussed. The technique is based on a differential form of the CO₂ Fick equation applied during normal ventilation and a 30-s period of partial rebreathing using additional deadspace. Using the Fick equation in a differential form eliminates the need to estimate mixed venous pCO₂, also the sensitivity of the cardiac output estimate to changes in the alveolar deadspace fraction is greatly reduced. The procedure is fully automated, requires minimal staff supervision, and provides cardiac output estimates every 3 1/2-min. Estimates of cardiac output when compared to thermodilution yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.92 with a linear regression slope of 0.92 ( n=451). Temporary increases in alveolar deadspace did not significantly alter this relationship. Cardiac output estimates obtained during period of increased pulmonary shunt due to oleic acid infusion yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.90 with a linear regression slope of 0.92 when compared to direct thermodilution measurements     

激光前向散射法高速测量光导纤维直径

本文叙述以He-Ne激光器作为光源,应用光的前向散射法,测量光导纤维直径,并已研制成样机,在有关工厂得到了实际应用.