Green phosphorescent organic light-emitting devices based on different electron transport layers combining with fluorescent sub-monolayer

We report a small molecule host of 4,4(-N,N)-dicarbazole-biphenyl (CBP) doped with 8% tris(2-phenylpyridine) iridium (Irppy3) for use in efficient green phosphorescent organic light-emitting devices (PHOLEDs) combined with different electron transport layers of Alq and BAlq. The PHOLEDs exhibit maximum current efficiency and power efficiency of 19.8 cd/A and 6.21 lm/W, respectively. The high performance of such PHOLEDs is attributed to the better electron mobile ability of BAlq and sub-monolayer quinacridone (QAD) as carrier trapping layer and equal charge carrier mobilities of hole and electron to form the broad carrier recombination zone in the emitting layer, which can reduce the triplet-triplet annihilation and improve the efficiency of the device. #$TABThis work has been supported by the Major Project of Science and Technology Office of Fujian Province of China (No.2014H0042), the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China (No.2015J01664), the Project of Science and Technology Research of Quanzhou in Fujian Province of China (Nos.2013Z125 and 2014Z137), and the 2016 Annual National or Ministries Preparatory Research Foundation Project in Quanzhou Normal University (No.2016YYKJ21). E-mail:yanghuishan1697@163.com      

Numerical simulation and experimental investigation of Ti-6Al-4V melted by CW fiber laser at different pressures

The interaction of continuous wave (CW) fiber laser with Ti-6Al-4V alloy is investigated numerically and experimentally at different laser fluence values and ambient pressures of N2 atmosphere to determine the melting time threshold of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. A 2D-axisymmetric numerical model considering heat transfer and laminar flow is established to describe the melting process. The simulation results indicate that material melts earlier at lower pressure (8.0 Pa) than at higher pressure (8.8×104 Pa) in several milliseconds with the same laser fluence. The experimental results demonstrate that the melting time threshold at high laser fluence (above 1.89×108 W/m2) is shorter for lower pressure (vacuum), which is consistent with the simulation. While the melting time threshold at low laser fluence (below 1.89×108 W/m2) is shorter for higher pressure. The possible aspects which can affect the melting process include the increased heat loss induced by the heat conduction between the metal surface and the ambient gas with the increased pressure, and the absorption variation of the coarse surface resulted from the chemical reaction. This work has been supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Young Scholars (No.11402120), the Jiangsu Provincial Natural Science Foundation for Young Scholars (No.BK20140796), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No.30915015104). E-mail:hanbing@njust.edu.cn      

The nonlinear optical properties of P3HT under picosecond laser irradiation

The nonlinear optical properties of P3HT in orthodichlorobenzene were investigated by Z-scan technique using second harmonic generation(532 nm) of mode-locked Nd:YAG laser in the picosecond domain. The experimental results show the magnitude of their nonlinear refraction indices was up to the order of 10^-11 esu. The reverse saturable absorption of P3HT solution was observed and their nonlinear absorption coefficients reach up to 3.4 cm/GW. The strong optical nonlinearity of P3HT may find its new application in the photoclectric field.     

An FBG impact location system based on broadband light source and improved TDoA algorithm

When a structure material is damaged by impact events, the reliability and lifetime of the material will be severely affected. So impact location is considered as the prime approach for structural health and damage monitoring. In this study, a novel fiber Bragg grating (FBG) impact location system based on broadband light source is designed, aiming at the shortcoming of existing location systems based on FBG. An improved localization algorithm based on the time difference of arrival (TDoA) is proposed for impact location. According to this algorithm, the impact position can be accurately predicted without wave velocity. Impact planar location experiments are carried out for verification of the FBG impact location system and algorithm on a400 mm×400 mm×3 mm aluminum alloy plate. The resulted locating error shows high precision and good stability of the proposed system. This work has been supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.61503218, 61403233, 61573226 and 61473176), the Excellent Young and Middle-Aged Scientist Award Grant of Shandong Province of China (No.BS2013DX018), and the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province for Outstanding Young Talents (No.ZR2015JL021). E-mail:pangdan@163.com      

A compact tunable metamaterial filter based on split-ring resonators

A tunable metamaterial filter is designed based on split-ring resonators (SRRs) in this paper. The metamaterial filter has a compact size of 15 mm×20 mm, and miniaturization is realized by using the SRRs. By loading tunable devices, the continuous operation of the filter is realized at X band (from 10.7 GHz to 12 GHz), the bandwidth is about 13%, the minimum return loss is 35 dB, and the maximum insertion loss is 0.37 dB. The results illustrate that the metamaterial filter shows the compact size, wide bandwidth and good band pass characteristics. This work has been supported by the Key Laboratory Foundation of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation (No.ZX15ZS391), the National Fund for International Cooperation in Science and Technology (No.2014DFR10020), and the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province (Nos.2014021020-1 and 2015021083). E-mail:798710363@qq.com      

A widely tunable microwave photonic notch filter with adjustable bandwidth based on multi-wavelength fiber laser

A widely tunable microwave photonic notch filter with adjustable bandwidth based on multi-wavelength fiber laser is proposed and demonstrated. The multi-wavelength fiber laser generates the multi-taps of the microwave photonic filter (MPF). In order to obtain notch frequency response, a Fourier-domain optical processor (FD-OP) is introduced to control the amplitude and phase of the optical carrier and phase modulation sidebands. By adjusting the polarization controller (PC), different numbers of taps are got, such as 6, 8, 10 and 12. And the wavelength spacing of the multi-wavelength laser is 0.4 nm. The bandwidth of the notch filter is changed by adjusting the number of taps and the corresponding bandwidths are 4.41 GHz, 3.30 GHz, 2.64 GHz and 2.19 GHz, respectively. With the additional phase shift introduced by FD-OP, the notch position is continuously tuned in the whole free spectral range (FSR) of 27.94 GHz. The center frequency of the notch filter can be continuously tuned from 13.97 GHz to 41.91 GHz. This work has been supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.11444001), and the Municipal Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin in China (No.14JCYBJC16500). E-mail:cynever@163.com      

Magnetic field sensor based on peanut-shape structure and multimode fiber

An all fiber magnetic field sensor with peanut-shape structure based on multimode fiber (MMF) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The sensing structure and magnetic fluid (MF) are both encapsulated in capillary, and the effective refractive index of MF is affected by surrounding magnetic field strength. The measurement of magnetic field is realized by observing the wavelength drift of interference peak. The transmission spectrum generated by Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) includes core-core mode interference and core-cladding mode interference. Experimental results demonstrate that the core-cladding mode interference is sensitive to magnetic field, and the magnetic field sensitivity is 0.047 8 nm/mT. In addition, two kinds of interference dips are sensitive to temperature, and the sensitivities are 0.060 0 nm/°C and 0.052 6 nm/°C, respectively. So the simultaneous measurement of magnetic field strength and temperature can be achieved based on sensitivity matrix. This work has been supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (No.2013AA014200), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.11444001), and the Municipal Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin (No.14JCYBJC16500). E-mail:13821538563@163.com      

Three-dimensional integral imaging display system based on negative lens array

An integral imaging display system based on negative lens array in real mode is proposed in this letter. Compared with the conventional integral imaging system with positive lens array, the negative one has a huge advantage on viewing angle. The minimum viewing angle of the imaging display system based on negative lens array is the maximum viewing angle of the positive one with the same parameters. And the imaging display system based on negative lens array can enhance the viewing angle to 180° with special parameters. Other parameters, such as resolution and depth-of-field, are the same in both systems. Another advantage is that the proposed imaging display system based on negative lens array can fill the image area gap between 0 and 2f. The feasibility of our proposed method is experimentally proved. This work has been supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.11474169) and the Hebei Provincial Science Foundation for Youths (No.F2016402115). E-mail:XXJiao@hebeu.edu.cn      

Holographic grating fabrication for wide angular bandwidth using polymer thin films

To increase the angular bandwidth of volume holographic grating, we fabricate holographic gratings based on grating multiplexing technique by using thin films of photopolymers and polymer dispersed liquid crystals. Experimental results confirm that the liquid crystal materials increase the refractive index modulation of the grating, enabling high diffraction efficiency with wide angular response compared to pure polymer materials. We observe that the fabricated holographic grating has near 80% of diffraction efficiency and about 18° of angular bandwidth, which can be further improved by modifying the liquid crystal/polymer mixtures and the grating multiplexing technique. The grating can be used to fabricate holographic waveguide structures for emerging applications in the near-eye display systems.     

Experimental investigation of the CHSH-class inequality and its robustness in noisy environments

Shimony-Holt (CHSH) inequality and investigate the robustness of the CHSH-class inequality in the bit-flip noisy environment. We obtain the experimental results of CHSH inequalityand analog CHSH inequalityas SCHSH=2.64±0.02 and SanalogCHSH=2.76±0.02, respectively, and prove that the analog CHSH inequality is more robust against bit-flip noise than the CHSH inequality. It provides better advantages for the experimental study and application. This work has been supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.11174224, 11404246 and 11447225), and the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (Nos.ZR2013FM001, BS2015DX015 and ZR2014JL029). E-mail:zhaojiaqiang@wfu.edu.cn      

A novel soft reliability-based iterative majority-logic decoding algorithm with uniform quantization

In this paper, a novel soft reliability-based iterative majority-logic decoding algorithm with uniform quantization is proposed for regularly structured low density parity-check (LDPC) codes. A weighted measure is introduced for each check-sum of the parity-check matrix and a scaling factor is used to weaken the overestimation of extrinsic information. Furthermore, the updating process of the reliability measure takes advantage of turbo-like iterative decoding strategy. The main computational complexity of the proposed algorithm only includes logical and integer operations with the bit uniform quantization criterion. Simulation results show that the novel decoding algorithm can achieve excellent error-correction performance and a fast decoding convergence speed. This work has been supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.61472464, 61671091 and 61471075), the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing Science and Technology Commission (No.cstc2015jcyjA0554), the Program for Innovation Team Building at Institutions of Higher Education in Chongqing (No.J2013-46), and the Undergraduate Science Research Training Project for Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications (No.A2016-61). E-mail:yuanjg@cqupt.edu.cn      

Blind equalization and automatic modulation classification based on subspace for subcarrier MPSK optical communications

Equalization can compensate channel distortion caused by channel multipath effects, and effectively improve convergent of modulation constellation diagram in optical wireless system. In this paper, the subspace blind equalization algorithm is used to preprocess M-ary phase shift keying (MPSK) subcarrier modulation signal in receiver. Mountain clustering is adopted to get the clustering centers of MPSK modulation constellation diagram, and the modulation order is automatically identified through the k-nearest neighbor (KNN) classifier. The experiment has been done under four different weather conditions. Experimental results show that the convergent of constellation diagram is improved effectively after using the subspace blind equalization algorithm, which means that the accuracy of modulation recognition is increased. The correct recognition rate of 16PSK can be up to 85% in any kind of weather condition which is mentioned in paper. Meanwhile, the correct recognition rate is the highest in cloudy and the lowest in heavy rain condition. This work has been supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.61671375), and the Industrial Research of Science and Technology Plan of Shaanxi Province (No.2016GY-082). E-mail:chdh@xaut.edu.cn      

Two-photon polymerization fabrication and Raman spectroscopy research of SU-8 photoresist using the femtosecond laser

In this work, a two-photon polymerization (2PP) processing device was built using the femtosecond laser, and femtosecond laser direct writing was performed on SU-8 photoresist. Due to the 2PP effect of the photoresist caused by the femtosecond laser, the polymeric line with size less than the focal spot size is obtained. Based on the Raman spectroscopy characterization of SU-8 polymer before and after 2PP, we research the dynamic process of femtosecond laser induced 2PP. In Raman spectra, some scattering peaks with large intensity variation, such as 1 108 cm-1 and 1 183 cm-1, indicate that the asymmetric stretching vibration of C-O-C bond in SU-8 polymer is increased. By comparison, we can find that 2PP only affects the light absorption of initiator, but does not affect the monomer polymerization. It is helpful to understand the interaction of photoresist and femtosecond laser, and plays an important role in quantitatively controlling the polymerization degree of SU-8 polymer and improving the processing resolution of 2PP. This work has been supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (No.2010CB934101), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.11404173) E-mail:nkwangzh@nankai.edu.cn      

A 3D video visual comfort evaluation method on the consistency of accommodation and convergence

With the development of three-dimensional (3D) technology, visual fatigue problems in 3D video have got more attention. In this paper, we combine the human vision characteristics and depth perception theory, and propose a 3D video visual comfort evaluation method on the consistency of accommodation and convergence, which evaluates the visual comfort from the quantitative perspective under different horizontal disparities and viewing distances. The experimental results show that the proposed evaluation method exhibits good consistency with the subjective assessment results. This work has been supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.61271315). E-mail:kanbc15@mails.jlu.edu.cn      

Comprehensive study of efficient dye-sensitized solar cells based on the binary ionic liquid electrolyte by modifying with additives and iodine

The photovoltaic performance of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) is enhanced by modifying the binary room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) electrolyte with additives and iodine. The average photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.39% is achieved. Through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry scans and incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) data, the working principles are analyzed. The enhancement is mainly attributed to the improvement of short circuit current which is caused by the reduction of overall internal resistance of the devices. Durability tests are measured at room temperature, and the long-term stability performance can be maintained. This work has been supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.61474064). E-mail:zcliang@njupt.edu.cn      

Dynamical control of directional nonlinear scattering from metallic nanoantennas by three-dimensional focal polarization orientation

We demonstrate that the directionality of far-field second harmonic(SH) emission generated from individual gold nanosphere can be flexibly engineered by manipulating three-dimensional(3D) focal polarization orientation of the excitation field, which is explained by the coherent interference between SH dipolar and quadrupolar emission modes. The SH dipolar emission mode is independent of the polarization direction of the fundamental field whereas the evolution of the focal polarization orientation can dramatically modify the quadrupolar emission pattern. Therefore, the resultant SH emission pattern has a polarization-dependent behavior and side scattering almost perpendicular to the propagation direction of the incident light can be observed under a specific condition. Our findings provide a novel degree of freedom for all-optical control of directional nonlinear scattering from single nanoantenna, thereby opening new possibilities for future potential applications.     

Effects of K ions doping on the structure, morphology and optical properties of Cu2FeSnS4 thin films prepared by blade-coating process

Quaternary chalcogenide Cu2FeSnS4 (CFTS) nanoparticles, as a kind of potential absorber layer material in thin film solar cells (TFSCs), were successfully synthesized by using a convenient solvothermal method. Alkali element K is incorporated into CFTS thin films in order to further improve the surface morphology and the optical properties of related films. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) were used to characterize the phase purity, morphology and composition of CFTS particles and thin films. The results show that the particle elemental ratios of Cu/(Fe+Sn) and Fe/Sn are 1.2 and 0.9, respectively, which are close to the characteristics of stoichiometric CFTS. The band gaps of CFTS films before and after doping K ions are estimated to be 1.44 eV and 1.4 eV with an error of ±0.02 eV. This work has been supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51674026), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities in 2015 (No.FRF-BD-15-004A). E-mail:chywang@yeah.net      

Impact of the dielectric duty factor on magnetic resonance in Ag-SiO2-Ag magnetic absorber

Magnetic absorber in optical frequency can be fulfilled through metamaterials designing. Therein, magnetic resonance in metal-dielectric-metal metasurfaces can be manipulated conveniently, and studying the parameters impacts is the primary for applications. In this work, through changing the grating width and the thickness of silica, the magnetic resonance modes have been studied, the conditions of the phase change zone from magnetic resonance(MR) to Fabry-Pérot(FP) are given out in Ag-SiO₂-Ag grating magnetic metasurfaces. The results indicate that the MR mode in metal-dielectric-metal configuration is mainly decided on the dielectric duty factor other than the sole behaviors of the thickness of dielectric and size of nanostructures. The physical mechanism is elucidated through simulated electromagnetic field distributions using finite difference time domain(FDTD) solution, and numerical analysis of effective refraction index of Ag-SiO₂-Ag magnetic metasurfaces. This study may prompt development of metamaterials in basic research in condensed physics and in optical devices applications.     

Study#$TABon#$TABsputtering#$TABZn(O,S)#$TABbuffer#$TABlayers for eco-friendly Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells

An eco-friendly Zn(O,S) film with a wider band gap is emerging as one of the promising Cd-free replacement material, which can be deposited by radio frequency sputtering. The effect of sputtering pressure on the Zn(O,S) films properties and the devices performance are studied systematically. At high pressure, the ZnS phase is found in the Zn(O,S) films resulting in a higher barrier at Zn(O,S) /CIGS interface which would lead to a low recombination activation energy (Ea). By reducing sputtering pressure, single phase of Zn(O,S) films are conducive to carrier transport as well as pro- mote the films electric properties, ultimately improving the performance of Zn(O,S)/CIGS solar cells. This work has been supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.61774089, 51572132 and 61504067), and the Yang Fan Innovative & Entrepreneurial Research Team Project (No.2014YT02N037). E-mail:wwl@nankai.edu.cn      

Electromagnetically induced transparency induced by a 100% amplitude-modulated coupling field

We present a study of electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT) under the excitation of a 100% amplitude-modulated(AM) coupling field.The EIT feature is associated with a Λ type three-level configuration where a coupling and probe field couples two separate optical transitions and it is well-known that the spectrum of the swept probe field gives a simple single transparency feature induced by the single mode coupling field.It is shown that when a 100% AM coupling field is applied,there is an EIT doublet...