间歇反应器内污泥衍生吸附剂去除水溶液中镉、镍离子

目前重金属离子废水大多通过传统的化学沉淀法进行处理，但由于废水中配合基的存在影响金属氢氧化物沉淀，可能导致剩余金属浓度超标，而且金属氢氧化物沉淀的存在导致污泥处置变得更加困难。因此，吸附法被认为是一种更加有效的方法，由于一般吸附剂如活性炭等价格较贵，     

微波法制污泥含碳吸附剂的研究

以脱水污泥为原料,以氯化锌为活化剂,用浸渍微波辐射法制备了活性污泥吸附剂。通过单因素实验和正交实验,探讨了制备条件对吸附性能的影响。结果表明,制备污泥吸附剂的适宜条件为:干污泥与浓度40%的氯化锌溶液按质量比为1∶3.0浸泡,微波功率595 W,辐照时间4.0 min。污泥含碳吸附剂吸附碘吸附值为412 mg/g以上,亚甲基蓝吸附值为67 mg/g以上。     

石化污泥制备吸附剂及其脱硫机理研究

以石化污泥为原料,采用不同方法制备了烟气脱硫吸附剂,探讨了影响产物吸附性能的因素及吸附机理。得到了石化污泥吸附剂的吸附等温线。结果表明,石化污泥利用热解炭化法制备的烟气脱硫吸附剂性能较好,其吸附过程可用Freundlich模型描述,SO2-O2-N2体系吸附机理主要为物理吸附,SO2-O2-H2O(g)-N2体系SO2发生了催化氧化,以化学吸附为主。     

污泥含炭吸附剂对甲苯的吸附性能研究

采用改进的ZnCl2化学活化法制备污泥含炭吸附剂,利用X射线能谱仪、X射线光电子能谱仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪等对其结构进行表征。并采用动态吸附法对甲苯废气的吸附特性进行研究。结果表明,污泥含炭吸附剂对中低浓度甲苯(2700mg·m-3)具有很好的吸附能力,其对甲苯的吸附容量随着甲苯进口浓度的增加而增大,随着吸附温度的升高而降低,随着进气流量的减小而增大;在吸附温度为20℃,气体流量为500mL·min-1(停留时间为0.424s),甲苯浓度为2700mg·m-3时,甲苯的饱和吸附容量为150.0mg·g-1;研究表明污泥含炭吸附剂对甲苯的吸附以物理吸附为主,并具有一定的化学吸附和催化氧化作用,其实验结果与Langmuir方程吻合较好。该吸附剂可在常温和有机物浓度较低的条件下用来部分替代活性炭使用。     

硅酸钠改性净水污泥吸附剂制备及去除氨氮研究

以硅酸钠改性后的净水污泥为主要成分复合粉末活性炭制备净水污泥吸附剂(MP),对其进行了表征,并用于去除水中氨氮。考察了吸附时间、溶液初始pH、初始氨氮含量、吸附剂投加量等因素对氨氮吸附效果的影响,同时与原泥进行了去除氨氮的对比实验。结果表明,MP对氨氮的吸附性能优于原泥,当吸附时间为120 min,pH为3～9时氨氮去除效果为佳,对氨氮的吸附量达2.3 mg/g,可达92%。吸附等温线及吸附动力学模型拟合发现,MP对氨氮的吸附过程符合Langmuir等温吸附模型及准2级动力学模型,吸附机理主要为物理吸附及离子交换。     

给水厂污泥制备高强度磷吸附剂研究

给水厂污泥对水体中的磷有良好的吸附作用,但其颗粒强度差,在水中易松散解体。为制备强度高,吸附容量大的吸附剂,以给水厂污泥为原料,添加硅酸盐水泥、生石灰和石膏,采用免烧法制备高强度颗粒状磷吸附剂,探究制备条件对吸附剂强度和吸附性能的影响。结果表明,随着pH增加,吸附剂对磷的吸附量先升后降,在pH值为5.0时,对磷的吸附量最大。磷在固相和液相之间的平衡分配符合Freundlich等温吸附模型,吸附剂表面的吸附位点分布是不均匀的,对磷的吸附介于单层与双层吸附之间。     

蟹壳生物吸附剂对水中镍离子的吸附研究

采用颗粒状蟹壳(0.25～0.80mm)对水中Ni2 的去除进行了静态吸附试验.考察了搅拌强度、吸附剂投加量、溶液初始pH值以及Zn2 或Cu2 的存在对Ni2 吸附效果的影响.试验结果表明,为保证Ni2 的去除率,搅拌强度应不小于350r/min,溶液初始pH值宜控制在4～7;Cu2 的存在对Ni2 的吸附有较大影响.经过5级静态吸附后,Ni"的吸附量达到43.4mg/g.蟹壳对Ni2 的吸附符合Freundtich吸附等温模型.     

葡萄杆废料去除水溶液中的铜和镍离子

近年来，一些生物材料(如海藻，细菌，霉菌和酵母等)，或某些工业或农业生产的废物产品被认为是可去除有毒金属的廉价吸附剂。从对蟹壳，泥炭，向日葵杆，松树皮或海产品加工废物污泥对废水中金属的脱除能力的研究中，发现它们有相当有效的去除能力。由于它们廉价，来源丰富，以及可考虑为废物再用，因此已引起研究人员的关注。     

利用剩余污泥吸附重金属离子铜、锌、镉的研究

利用剩余污泥对Cu2+、Zn2+、Cd2+三种重金属离子进行吸附研究,考察了pH、吸附时间、污泥投加量、温度等对吸附过程的影响;并探讨了吸附处理过程中三种重金属离子的等温吸附特性,以及吸附数据的线性拟合方程。实验结果表明,剩余污泥对Cu2+、Zn2+、Cd2+三种重金属离子具有良好的吸附效果,在优化条件下,三种重金属离子去除率分别达到94.3%、70.5%和81%;三种重金属离子的吸附等温线均与Langmuir方程吻合较好,吸附能力大小顺序为Cu2+Cd2+Zn2+。     

从镉镍废蓄电池中回收镉

含镉的废旧碱性镉镍蓄电池,其主要成份为镉镍氧化物及盐类,国外曾有关于回收的专利方法但其流程长且复杂。我们利用其组成中镉镍氧化物和盐在化学性质上的微小不同,采用控制酸度浸取,通过试验找到分离回收镉的简单方法,并在某化工厂应用,回收生产出合格的镉黄颜料。试验部分物料经机械破碎分离出镍、铁金属极板送冶金厂熔炼回收镍铁。余下蓄电池废料主要由镉镍的氧化物及碳酸盐和其他微量杂质和部分有机物所组成,如表1。     

Use of sewage sludge for manufacturing adsorbents

This paper demonstrates that digested sludge can be reclaimed as an adsorbent for the removal of organic vapors (MEK, TOL and TCE) through the use of a pyrolysis. The manufactured adsorbent products were characterized by Brunauer, Emmentt and Teller (BET) surface area, carbon tetrachloride activity (ANSI/ASIM D3467–76'), and an elemental analysis test. Both the determination of CCl₄ activity and BET surface area were regarded as the useful means for estimation of the adsorption capacity of organic vapors on the reclaimed adsorbents. From the view point of specific surface area (CCl₄ activity number or adsorption capacity), it was concluded that the optimum condition for manufacturing the reclaimed adsorbent was by adding 5 kmols/m³ ZnCl₂ to the treated sludge and then heating the mixture at 550°C for 1 hour.     

微波制备污泥质活性炭吸附剂及其再生研究

以城市污泥为原料,磷酸和氯化锌为活化剂,微波制备活性炭吸附剂,考察了活化剂浓度、浸渍时间、微波功率和辐射时间等对活性炭产率和吸附性能的影响。结果表明,活性炭对亚甲基蓝吸附值为86.2 mL/g,碘的吸附值为806.0 mg/g。用该活性炭处理含铬废水后再生,其亚甲基蓝吸附值为89.4 mL/g,碘的吸附值为795.3 mg/g,并且再生前后活性炭对含铬废水均有较好的处理效果。该方法操作方便,缩短了活性炭的制备和再生时间,再生效果好。     

城市污水厂剩余污泥对水中F-的吸附性能研究

利用城市污水处理厂的剩余污泥对水中F-进行吸附处理,通过污泥投加量、F-初始质量浓度、时间、pH等反应条件的研究,探讨除氟效果和影响因素。结果表明,室温下,污泥对F-的吸附在60 min后达到平衡;20 g/L的污泥投加量对10 mg/L含氟水的F-去除率可达83.1%;污泥可在3~10的较大pH范围内保持稳定的除氟效果。准二级动力学模型很好地拟合了污泥对F-的吸附行为,Langmuir和Freundlich模型均符合污泥对F-的吸附特性,热力学参数的计算表明该吸附过程是自发的放热反应。     

Removal of Cd2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, and Pb2+ ions from aqueous solutions using tururi fibers as an adsorbent

This work investigates the removal of Cd²⁺, Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, and Pb²⁺ ions from aqueous solutions using tururi fibers as an adsorbent under both batchwise and fixed‐bed conditions. It was found that modification of the tururi fibers with sodium hydroxide increased the adsorption efficiencies of all metal ions studied. The fractional factorial design showed that pH, adsorbent mass, agitation rate, and initial metal concentration influenced each metal adsorption differently. The kinetics showed that multi‐element adsorption equilibria were reached after 15 min following pseudo‐second‐order kinetics. The Langmuir, Freundlich, and Redlich–Peterson models were used to evaluate the adsorption capacities by tururi fibers. The Langmuir model was found to be suitable for all metal ions. Breakthrough curves revealed that saturation of the bed was reached in 160.0 mL with Cd²⁺ and Cu²⁺, and 52.0 mL with Ni²⁺ and Pb²⁺. The Thomas model was applied to the experimental data of breakthrough curves and represented the data well. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40883.     

废啤酒酵母同步吸附水中Pb2+、Zn2+、Cd2+的研究

利用废啤酒酵母同步吸附处理含Pb2+、Zn2+、Cd2+废水,考察了初始pH、反应时间和初始浓度等因素对去除率的影响,并对吸附动力学进行探讨.结果表明:废啤酒酵母对Pb2+、Zn2+、Cd2+同步吸附去除率大小依次为Pb2+＞Cd2+＞Zn2+;三者之间存在竞争吸附;拟二级动力学方程相关系数R2＞0.99,对Pb2+和在低浓度条件下拟合情况更好,内扩散和液膜扩散联合控制吸附速率.     

磷酸活化法制备污泥含碳吸附材料的研究

研究了磷酸活化法制备污泥含碳吸附剂的工艺条件,探讨了活化剂质量分数、活化温度、活化时间和浸渍质量比对活化效果的影响.结果表明,在磷酸质量分数为50%、活化温度450℃、活化时间1 h、浸渍质量比1.5:1的条件下,制得的含碳吸附剂碘值在210 mg/g以上,产品收率50%,应用该吸附材料处理废水效果较好.     

Competitive Adsorption of Ag+, Pb2+, Ni2+, and Cd2+ Ions on Vermiculite

Competitive adsorption of Ag⁺, Pb²⁺, Ni²⁺, and Cd² ions on vermiuculite in a binary, ternary, and quaternary mixture was investigated in batch experiments. The effects of the presence of Ag⁺, Ni²⁺, and Cd²⁺ ions on the adsorption of Pb²⁺ ions were investigated in terms of the equilibrium isotherm. Experimental results indicated that Pb²⁺ ions always favorably adsorbed on vermiculite over Ag⁺, Ni²⁺, and Cd²⁺ ions. The adsorption equilibrium data of Pb²⁺ ions better fitted the Langmuir model than the Freundlich model. The results showed that the pseudo-second-order kinetics model was in good agreement with the experimental results for all metal ions, and the adsorption rate among the metal ions followed Ag⁺ > Pb²⁺ > Ni²⁺ > Cd²⁺. The desorption and regenration study indicated that vermiculite can be used repeatedly and be suitable for the design of a continuous process.     

污泥含炭吸附剂的制备及其吸附模拟烟气中汞蒸汽的应用(英文)

The carbonaceous adsorbent was prepared from mixtures of dewatered sludge and sawdust with enhanced ZnCl2 chemical activation.Characteristics of the adsorbent were studied using scanning electron microscope(SEM) ,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR) ,and adsorption of nitrogen.The surface analysis showed that the carbonaceous adsorbent had good specific surface and porosity(394 m 2 ·g-1of BET surface,0.12 and 0.10 ml·g-1of microporous and mesoporous volume,respectively) .The oxygen functional groups such as OH,C O and C O were found on the surface by FTIR and XPS(X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) .The adsorption of elemental mercury(Hg0) on the carbonaceous adsorbent was studied in a fixed bed reactor.The dynamic adsorption capacity of carbonaceous adsorbent increased with influent mercury concentration,from 23.6μg·g-1at 12.58μg·m-3to 87.9μg·g-1at 72.50μg·m-3,and decreased as the adsorption temperature increased,from 246 μg·g-1 at 25°C to 61.3μg·g-1 at 140°C,when dry nitrogen was used as the carrier gas.The carbonaceous adsorbent presented higher dynamic adsorption capacity than activated carbon,which was 81.2μg·g-1and 53.8μg·g-1respectively.The adsorption data were fitted to the Langmuir adsorption model.The physical and chemical adsorption were identified on the adsorbent.