失真补偿量化索引调制水印的性能分析

该文分析了基于量化索引调制的失真补偿水印方案中量化步长的伸缩因子与失真度、鲁棒性和检测误码率之间的关系。在高分辨率量化的假设前提下,推导出失真补偿量化索引调制水印算法在加性高斯白噪声信道下的误码率计算公式,并提出了一个失真-鲁棒性函数来度量算法的抗噪鲁棒性和失真度与鲁棒性之间的代价关系。通过计算机仿真,比较了不同失真补偿量化索引调制水印方案下算法的失真-鲁棒性能和误码率性能;并以一段音频数据三级小波细节系数为载体嵌入水印信息,统计检测时的位错误率。实验结果验证了在低量化步长范围内,理论预测误码率与实验检测误码率较为吻合,失真-鲁棒性函数能够很好地度量高分辨率量化前提下的算法抗噪鲁棒性和失真度与鲁棒性之间的代价关系。     

基于遗传算法的超亚高斯混合信号盲分离

针对基于扩展信息最大化算法的盲源分离算法在分离超亚高斯混合信号时依赖于信号的峭度估计且对初始分离矩阵和步长较为敏感的问题,提出了一种基于遗传算法的盲源分离算法。该算法以分离信号之间的互信息作为代价函数,采用非多项式函数的逼近方法解决了互信息求解过程中涉及到的负熵的计算问题,用遗传算法代替梯度寻优算法最小化代价函数。仿真结果表明:在分离超亚高斯混合信号时,该算法计算简单,鲁棒性好,迭代100次时性能指数值达到0.025 5,分离性能优于基于扩展信息最大化算法的盲源分离算法。     

最小误码率准则盲源分离算法

针对通信混合信号的盲分离问题,结合通信系统中的误码率性能指标,本文提出一种基于最小误码率准则的盲源分离算法。本算法基本原理是,将推导的最小误码率准则结合最大似然原则建立盲源分离代价函数,形成一种最小误码率约束的代价函数,接着借助于自然梯度下降搜索,最小化代价函数实现盲源分离。仿真实验分析表明提出的最小误码率约束代价函数得到的盲源分离算法,比原有的最大似然原则代价函数得到的盲源分离算法,具有更好的收敛性能和分离精度。      

基于BP神经网络的盲均衡

针对基于以往前馈神经网络（BP模型）的盲均衡算法中CMA中代价函数收敛速度慢,函数仿真曲线振荡明显,信号恢复出来的误码率相对较高,本文提出了利用一个新的代价函数并在此基础上利用以往权值的调节值来调节当前的权值,从而降低了算法对局部极值点的敏感性。运用MATLAB工具对新的算法性能进行了仿真,仿真结果表明,该算法在一定程度上加快了代价函数的收敛速度,函数的仿真曲线振荡缓慢趋于平坦,在信号的恢复性能上降低了信号的剩余误差与误码率。     

一种基于图像DC系数的多比特水印

提出了一种新的多比特水印算法。该算法把基于图像自身的水印信息嵌入到图像的DC系数中,通过视觉模型控制DC系数的改变程度,在保证水印不可见性的同时,提高了水印的鲁棒性。为实现水印的盲检测,采用Gold码序列对水印信息进行了扩频。在检测阶段,充分利用Gold序列良好的相关性恢复出水印。应用所提出算法,把水印信息嵌入到一幅512×512的灰度图像中。实验表明,该算法对常规信号处理攻击和几何攻击具有很强的鲁棒性。     

一种基于置换的小波非对称数字水印算法

针对对称数字水卸方案不能公开验证版权的问题,提出一种基于小波变换的置换非对称数字水印算法.该算法对载体图像进行三层小波分解实现水印的嵌入.嵌入的水印信号包括公开水印和秘密水印两部分.将宿主图像的Hash值作为公钥生成伪随机序列,对原始水印信号进行扩频调制得到公开水印,用于水印的公开检测;将公开水印进行Arnold变换,产生秘密水印,用于对称检测.该算法能够实现水印的盲检测和盲提取,具有较好的鲁棒性和较高的安全性,还能够进行盗版追踪和防止水印伪造.     

多小波变换域内基于扩频和量化的混合水印研究

考虑到扩频和量化技术存在互补性,本文构造一种扩频和量化混合模型,并提出了一种图像多小波变换域内基于扩频和量化的混合数字水印方案,通过理论分析给出了扩频长度、信道容量、检测错误率等参数间的关系,实验结果表明算法实现了水印鲁棒性前提下的水印容量最大化的目的.     

基于JADE算法的鲁棒性数字水印

 鲁棒性是数字水印的一个关键问题,本文提出一种新颖的基于JADE(联合对角化)算法的鲁棒性水印算法,该算法利用迭代混合的方法嵌入水印,保证了水印具有良好的不可视性和鲁棒性,然后以混合图像作为一路观测信号,将水印信息作为另一路观测信号,再利用盲源分离JADE算法检测水印,无需知道嵌入水印的确切位置.理论分析和仿真结果表明该算法具有较强的鲁棒性.     

基于Tchebichef不变矩的多比特抗几何攻击图像盲水印算法

现有的大多数水印算法对旋转、平移和尺度变换等几何攻击的鲁棒性比较差,微小的几何攻击都有能导致水印检测器失效,因此水印算法对几何攻击具有鲁棒性非常重要。本文提出了一种基于Tchebichef不变矩实现的多比特几何攻击不变性图像盲水印算法。文中具体介绍了Tchebichef不变矩的构造方法,水印是事先产生的与原始图像无关的信号,嵌入过程中将水印嵌入到图像的Tchebichef不变矩中实现几何攻击不变性。水印检测过程中采用独立分量分析技术实现真正意义上的多比特水印盲检测。文中具体分析了所提出的水印算法的计算复杂度,实验过程中采用通用水印测试软件Stirmark对所提出的水印算法进行鲁棒性测试,实验数据说明这种水印算法对Stirmark具有很好的鲁棒性。     

一种均匀量化小波能量的盲提取音频水印算法

为了更好的保护版权并保证隐藏通信,建立了嵌入同一个水印并通过不同的密钥来分别得到鲁棒水印和脆弱性水印的模型,基于此提出了采用双极性量化策略对离散小波高频系数总能量进行均匀量化的盲提取音频水印算法.新算法以水印的特征值作为水印预处理的密钥.仿真实验表明该方案具备较好的鲁棒性和脆弱性.     

Reducing Host Interference from Spread Spectrum Watermarking

Spread spectrum watermarking (SSW) is one of the most promising watermarking techniques. While SSW is very robust against additive noise, it suffers from an inherent noise. The noise results from host interference on detection of the embedded hidden information. The host interference is one of the main reasons for the relatively low embedding rate in SSW and its reduction is important. In this paper, a new method for use in an SSW detector is proposed to reduce the host interference. The proposed method is based on the law of large numbers and symbol detection of embedded information, instead of bit detection. Since the method is based on the detection of symbols longer than one bit, the detector can employ PN sequences with a larger length, resulting in decrease of the interference. The symbol error rate using this algorithm is calculated employing the maximum a posteriori criterion. Comparison of bit error rates between the modified SSW algorithm and conventional bit detection shows that the modified algorithm is much more robust against the host interference.     

Quantized based image watermarking in an independent domain

This paper presents a performance study for two well known quantized based watermarking schemes Scalar Costa Scheme (SCS), and Trellis Coded Quantization scheme (TCQ) in an independent domain. For our study, the independent domain is obtained by the combination of the cited schemes with Independent Component Analysis (ICA). The Independent Component Analysis is used while inserting and extracting the message. Thus a performance compromise improvement of the original SCS and TCQ schemes in terms of robustness, capacity, and security is shown. Then the obtained schemes performances are compared to the Spread Transform (ST) based scheme well known for its proven good robustness properties. Our results show that, using watermarking with side information in independent domain permits to improve the global SCS and TCQ schemes performances. For example, in the case of SCS, by studying the Bit Error Rate (BER) in function of the watermark to noise ratio (WNR), the robustness has been improved by 20 dB (1 decade) when WNR is equal to 0 dB. Moreover, the capacity study shows for the same WNR=0 dB, the amount of information to be transmitted without error for a given noise level of the proposed SCS combined with ICA scheme (SCS-ICA) is much higher than that of the existing schemes. Finally, the study of the probability density functions (PDF) of the original and marked signals has shown that the Cachin-security level of the TCQ in an independent domain scheme (TCQ-ICA) is the best one compared to the other known schemes.     

一种基于分类搜索的Gold误码修正算法

扩频系统侦察对抗时,在低信噪比下估计得到的扩频码存在严重误码,会影响信号解扩解调质量.通过Gold码与其对应m序列优选对的基本特性结合互相关函数特征,提出了一种严格的Gold码分类,并得出一种基于分类搜索的误码修正算法,通过比较待测Gold码与各类样本Gold码互相关函数的三值分布特性,可以快速搜索准确定位到正确的Gold码,实现误码完全修正.当Gold码的误码率不高于11%时,算法可实现对误码的完全修正,能有效降低扩频信号盲处理的信噪比门限.     

Bit error rate analysis of reduced-state Viterbi differentialdetection of M-ary DPSK signals

A tight upper bound or bit error rate (BER) is derived for approximate maximum likelihood differential detection (DD) implemented by the reduced state Viterbi algorithm (VA) known as RSVDD. The BER performance of RSVDD is compared with Viterbi DD (VDD) for M-ary DPSK in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels     

The blind demodulation scheme based on MP algorithm in chirp-BOK UWB system

In this paper, a blind demodulation scheme for chirp-binary orthogonal keying (BOK)-ultra wide band (UWB) system was proposed based on matching pursuit (MP) algorithm. The scheme was validated in additive white Gaussion noise (AWGN) and indoor multi-path channels that suggested by the IEEE P802.15 criterion. From the simulation results, it shows that the performance of the proposed MP method is consistent well with that of the traditional coherent method in communication circumstance with high quality requirement, and the performance difference of MP method and coherent method is less than 0.8 dB when the bit error rate (BER) is set as 0.001. As the requested BER getting small, the MP method has a comparable performance with the coherent method. It also presented an efficient way for spectrum sharing with other communication systems.     

利用边信息嵌入的CDMA水印信道性能研究

稳健性是数字水印的重要指标之一.为了改善水印稳健性,CDMA技术已被引入到数字水印中.但是,目前基于CDMA扩频技术的水印算法基本都是通过实验方式来确定嵌入强度以及相关参数.本文分析了把载体作为边信息情况下CDMA水印信道的性能.研究了PSNR值,嵌入强度参数 β ,正交码码长N以及用户数K之间的关系,给出了 PSNR关于这三者的显式表达式.根据PSNR值,给出了水印嵌入强度参数 β 的估计算法,仿真实验结果表明估计的有效性.并指出CDMA水印信道中,用户数不影响PSNR值的大小,实验结果有力地支持了这个结论.通过分析CDMA水印信道的误码形成过程,给出了信道误码率表达式,并得出,在给定PSNR值的情况下,CDMA正交扩频码码长 N 的选择不影响信道误码率值.     

Filterbank transceivers optimizing information rate in blocktransmissions over dispersive channels

Optimal finite impulse response (FIR) transmit and receive filterbanks are derived for block-based data transmissions over frequency-selective additive Gaussian noise (AGN) channels by maximizing mutual information subject to a fixed transmit-power constraint. Both FIR and pole-zero channels are considered. The inherent flexibility of the proposed transceivers is exploited to derive, as special cases, zero-forcing (ZF) and minimum mean-square error receive filterbanks. The transmit filterbank converts transmission over a frequency-selective fading channel, affected by additive colored noise, into a set of independent flat fading subchannels with uncorrelated noise samples. Two loading algorithms are also developed to distribute transmit power and number of bits across the usable subchannels, while adhering to an upper bound on the bit error rate (BER). Reduction of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) margin required to satisfy the prescribed BER is achieved by coding each subchannel's bit stream. The potential of the proposed transceivers is illustrated and compared to discrete multitone (DMT) with simulated examples     

一种基于WLD特征的盲检测数字水印算法

提出了一种基于WLD特征的数字图像盲水印算法。在图像WLD特征的基础上通过编码、加密操作生成鲁棒安全的全局水印信息,采用扇形分块方案在图像子块DCT频域中实现水印的嵌入操作。利用WLD全局统计的特性,提取和认证水印的过程无需任何载体图像信息的辅助。实验结果表明,文中盲水印算法的不可感知性较好,同时对加性噪声、伽马校正和剪切操作等具有较好的鲁棒性,算法为认证图像信息的真实性提供了便利。     

Error rate analysis of differentially encoded and detected 16APSKunder Rician fading

Mobile radio systems require highly bandwidth efficient digital modulation schemes because of the limited resources of the available radio spectrum. A theoretical analysis of bit error rate (BER) is presented for the differential detection of differentially encoded 16-level amplitude/phase shift keying (16DAPSK) under Rician fading in the presence of Rayleigh faded co-channel interference (CCI) and additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). Differential detection comprises eight-level differential phase detection (DPD) and two-level amplitude ratio detection (ARD). Exact expressions for probability distributions of differential phase noise and amplitude ratio are derived for the BER calculation. The calculated BER performance of 16DAPSK is presented for various values of Rician fading K factor, Doppler spread of diffused component, and Doppler shift of the specular component, and is compared with that of 4-16DPSK. It is shown that 16DAPSK is superior to 16DPSK and requires 1.7 (1.6) dB less E_b/N₀ (SIR) at BER=10^-3 in Rician channels with K=5 dB