AI与Prolog

Prolog是一种人工智能语言,它在AI和知识库的实现技术中具有十分重要的作用。本文介绍了Prolog的工作原理．并通过实例分析了Prolog语言的特点。利用Prolog的逻辑描述能力和推理能力,使得解决复杂的、非结构化的问题变得简单了。     

结合C++与Prolog语言快速开发专家系统

文章论证了在专家系统三要素的开发及不同的开发阶段中应配合使用C++与Prolog以互补优势,分析当前常用的Prolog版本的特点并选择适用版本为研究对象。结合程序实例论述Prolog程序与C++程序的双向连接技术,为快速开发专家系统打下技术基础。     

基于Warren抽象机的Prolog实现技术的研究

本文介绍了基于WAM的Prolog实现技术的研究结果。首先论述了新的Prolog执行模型WAM-PLUS。该模型由扩充了的WAM和非逻辑成分执行机制NLEM构成。它能支持Prolog动态代码,并能实现一致的动态代码语义。文中还介绍了Prolog编译策略和Prolog编译器的设计,描述了一种顺序推理机的系统结构。     

一种基于Prolog的时间约束业务流程验证方法

随着互联网技术的快速发展,对复杂系统业务流程建模的需求越来越大。针对带有时间约束的业务流程模型的正确性验证问题,提出了一种基于节点转换规则的图分解算法,将业务流程模型转换为运行时流程轨迹集合;设计了流程轨迹集合到Prolog的转换,将轨迹中的节点与时间约束转化为Prolog事实,提出了一种业务流程模型到Prolog语言的转换算法;将持续时间、周期循环与固定时刻3种时间模式转换为Prolog规则,以其支持业务流程模型3种时间模式的验证。最后对一个带有时间约束的医疗流程实例进行了验证。     

Prolog语言中的回溯控制

一、前言自日本政府公布了它的第五代计算机规划,其中包括以Prolog语言为核心语言以来,Prolog语言受到了计算机科学界的普遍重视。研究、开发和改造Prolog语言的热潮从欧洲迅速遍及全世界。这种在     

模块化Prolog的研究与实现

为使系自行研制的Prolog解释系统GKD-Prolog能够支持大型知识系统的开发,我们设计并实现了一个模块化Prolog系统——GKD—Modlog,同时引入了模块和执行环境的概念。这些概念不仅丰富了Prolog语言本身,而且使Prolog更适于知识的表示和操作。本文描述了该系统中与模块化机制相关的概念,系统的组织与设计,主要实现技术和相关模块操作原语。     

Prolog逻辑程序的测试方法

Prolog逻辑程序设计语言具有不同于传统程序设计语言的特点.本文根据测试Prolog程序的实践,提出了一系列为Prolog程序生成测试用例的准则.按这些准则测试实际程序效果良好.这是在逻辑程序测试新领域迈出的一步.     

并发Prolog进展报告

并发Prolog是为并发程序设计和并行执行而设计的一种逻辑程序设计语言。这种面向进程的语言,以数据流同步和岗哨命令不确定性为其基本控制机制。本文概述了该语言的基本概念和定义。综述了它产生三年来涌现的主要程序设计技术。回顾了该语言发展、实现和应用的历史。作者是并发Prolog语言的设计者。     

UCB策略在Prolog中的应用

Prolog(Programming in Logic)程序语言是一种逻辑程序设计语言.它是在逻辑学理论基础上建立起来的并广泛应用在人工智能研究中.这几十年已经出现了各具特色的Prolog编译器,而且各种编译器也都很成功.虽然在现阶段已经出现了各种版本Prolog编译器,但是Prolog编译器的发展空间还是很大.本文先通过现代Prolog编译器的不足,介绍了新Prolog编译器的特点,然后简单叙述了Prolog编译器词法分析和语法分析的过程,最后介绍了UCB策略.     

Micro Prolog

笔者根据锻治胜三的文章“PC-8001HC一20m Micro Prolog移植、改良实际”(日刊“bit”1983.8),运用Microsoft公司的MBASIC语言和BASCOM编译语言,在CP/M操作系统上移植了Micro Prolog。BASCOM版的Micro Prolog执行速度比MBASIC版快10～15倍。Micro Prolog使用简单,可以作为希望了解Prolog语言的读者的学习工具。     

Iterative inflow-implicit outflow-explicit finite volume scheme for level-set equations on polyhedron meshes

In this paper, we propose a cell-centered finite volume method for advective and normal flows on polyhedron meshes which is second-order accurate in space and time for smooth solutions. In order to overcome a time restriction caused by CFL condition, an implicit time discretization of inflow fluxes and an explicit time discretization of outflow fluxes are used in an iterative procedure. For an efficient computation, an 1-ring face neighborhood structure is introduced. Since it is limited to access unknown variables in an 1-ring face neighborhood structure, an iterative procedure is proposed to resolve the limitation of assembled linear system. Two types of gradient approximations, an inflow-based gradient and an average-based gradient, are studied and compared from the point of numerical accuracy. Numerical schemes are tested for an advective and a normal flow of level-set functions illustrating a behavior of the proposed method for an implicit tracking of a smooth and a piecewise smooth interface.     

Roughness in MV-algebras

In this paper, by considering the notion of an MV-algebra, we consider a relationship between rough sets and MV-algebra theory. We introduce the notion of rough ideal with respect to an ideal of an MV-algebra, which is an extended notion of ideal in an MV-algebra, and we give some properties of the lower and the upper approximations in an MV-algebra.     

Static and dynamic postural loadings during computer work in females: Sitting on an office chair versus sitting on an exercise ball

Seated computer work results in prolonged static loading, which has been associated with the development of musculoskeletal disorders. A popular alternative to sitting on an office chair while performing computer work is to sit on an exercise ball. Sitting on an exercise ball might affect static and dynamic aspects of working posture. We monitored posture, muscle activation and spinal shrinkage in 10 females performing a 1-h typing task, while sitting on an office chair with armrests and while sitting on an exercise ball. Sitting on an exercise ball resulted in 33% more trunk motion and in 66% more variation in lumbar EMG. Both of these findings can be considered to be an advantage for the exercise ball. However, the fifth percentile and average lumbar EMG were also higher when sitting on an exercise ball, with 38% and 78%, respectively. In addition, more spinal shrinkage occurred when sitting on an exercise ball than when sitting on an office chair. Arm flexion was reduced, but trapezius activation was unaffected when sitting on an exercise ball. It is concluded that the advantages with respect to physical loading of sitting on an exercise ball may not outweigh the disadvantages.     

The XML Tree Model – toward an XML conceptual schema reversed from XML Schema Definition

XML Schema Definition (XSD) is the logical schemas of an XML model, but there is no standard format for the conceptual schema of an XML model. Therefore, we propose an XML Tree Model (XTM) as an XML conceptual schema for representing data semantics in a diagram, and also as an XML data model validator for confirming the data semantics required by users. An XTM consists of hierarchical nodes representing all the elements, and the data relationships among elements within the XSD. A rule-based algorithm and an information capacity with pre- and post-conditions are developed as the methodology for reverse engineering. The proposed algorithm consists of two rules: General Information Transformation and Data Semantic Recovering to construct an XTM. Users can draw an XTM with data relationships among elements as a result of the reverse engineering.     

Stabilization via homogeneous feedback controls

In this paper, we provide an explicit homogeneous feedback control with the requirement that a control Lyapunov function exists for an affine control system and satisfies an homogeneous condition. We use a modified version of the Sontag formula to achieve our main goal. Moreover, we prove that the existence of an homogeneous control Lyapunov function for an homogeneous affine system leads to an homogeneous closed-loop system by using the previous feedback control.     

基于ISM的互操作性测试方法

协议测试中的互操作性测试是保证不同厂商通信设备之间能够正确实施互操作的主要工程测试方法。针对互操作性测试过程中缺乏形式化测试框架和测试方法指导而导致无法保证测试可靠性的问题,在介绍ETSI定义的通用互操作性测试模型基础上,提出一个基于互操作性状态机的互操作性测试方法。通过一个面向IPsec VPN的互操作性测试实例表明该方法的有效性和可行性。     

基于蕴涵的区间值直觉模糊粗糙集

提出一种基于区间值直觉模糊蕴涵的区间值直觉模糊粗糙集模型.首先,介绍了区间值直觉模糊集、区间值直觉模糊关系和区间值直觉模糊逻辑算子的概念;然后,利用区间值直觉模糊三角模和区间值直觉模糊蕴涵,在区间值直觉模糊近似空间中定义了区间值直觉模糊集的上近似和下近似;最后,给出并证明了这些近似算子的一些性质.     

Observer‐based event‐triggered control for singularly perturbed systems with saturating actuator

This paper investigates an observer‐based event‐triggered control problem of singularly perturbed systems with saturating actuator. A strategy that consists of an observer‐based controller (OBC) and an event‐triggered mechanism (ETM) is considered. Firstly, sufficient conditions, which guarantee that the saturated SPSs are asymptotically stable excluding Zeno phenomenon, are derived via constructing an ε‐dependent Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional. Then, the OBC and ETM are designed simultaneously based on the aforementioned criteria. Furthermore, an estimate of the basin of attraction and an ε‐bound are given by solving an optimization problem in the form of LMIs. Finally, an electric circuit system and a numerical example are presented to demonstrate the merits of the obtained method.     

Engineering Methods from Method Requirements Specifications

By analogy with a Software Requirements Specification (SRS), it is argued that a Method Requirements Specification (MRS) should be introduced in method engineering. It shares with the SRS the property of implementation-independence. This means that an MRS must be an instance of an abstract metamodel and not of a technical metamodel like GOPRR (Graph, Object, Property, Relationship, and Role). The MRS is then translated to be an instantiation of a technical metamodel. We develop a representation system for an MRS and describe an automated process for instantiating a technical metamodel with an MRS. This instantiation is used to produce the actual method which is then given to a metaCASE to produce a CASE tool. Thus, we propose a method engineering approach rooted in the MRS.     

人工系统中数据–因素–算力–算法作用及相互关系研究

目前的研究认为人工智能的核心是数据、算法和算力,但因素在形成人工智能系统过程中是必不可少的。论文针对人工系统中的数据、算力、算法和因素的各自作用,及其相互关系进行了探讨和论证。从人工系统的内涵出发,描述人工系统的发展过程,认为目前和今后的人工系统必将具有人工智能特征,而实现人工系统要充分考虑上述四方面的相互作用。研究结果表明:数据是人工系统辨识因素的基础,也是形成算法的基础;因素是人工系统控制自然系统的方法及算法所需变量;算法体现了因素与数据关系,可描述人工系统结构;算力是解算算法的能力,也需考虑数据和因素的特征。因此因素在人工系统建立过程中与数据、算法和算力具有相同的重要性。它们具有明显的作用关系,且普遍存在于各个学科,是形成各学科理论基础体系的关键。