纳米SiO2改性玉米淀粉/聚乙烯醇复合薄膜研究

以薄膜拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、透光率和吸水率为主要指标,通过单因素试验和正交试验研究纳米SiO2改性玉米淀粉/聚乙烯醇复合薄膜的工艺条件,以改善玉米淀粉/聚乙烯醇复合薄膜的物理性能。试验结果表明:纳米SiO2含量,分散剂种类及含量,膜液pH对膜的性能均有影响。适宜的工艺参数为:纳米SiO2最佳含量2.0%,最佳分散剂聚丙烯酰胺含量1.5%,膜液最佳pH 5.0。     

响应面法优化纳米SiO_2改性大豆蛋白/聚乙烯醇复合薄膜工艺

为增强大豆蛋白/聚乙烯醇复合薄膜的综合性能,以纳米SiO2含量、分散剂聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮(PVPK-30)的含量、膜液pH值为影响因子,以薄膜拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、透光率、吸水率为主要评价指标,通过响应曲面试验确定纳米SiO2改性大豆蛋白/聚乙烯醇复合膜的最佳工艺条件。试验结果表明:当加入1.75%的SiO2纳米粒子(占大豆蛋白和PVA干重),1.20%的PVP(占纳米粒子干重),膜液的pH值控制在5.50时,复合薄膜的综合性能最好;与原大豆蛋白/PVA复合膜相比,改性后薄膜的抗张强度由4.61 MPa增加到9.76 MPa,断裂伸长率由64.98%提升到92.76%,透光率由15.54%升到24.12%,而吸水率由46.37%略降到45.28%。本试验为大豆蛋白/聚乙烯醇复合薄膜性能的改善以及生产应用提供理论和试验基础。     

淀粉-聚乙烯醇-大豆蛋白改性蒙脱土复合薄膜的结构与性能研究

通过大豆蛋白对天然蒙脱土进行改性,制备淀粉-聚乙烯醇-大豆蛋白改性蒙脱土复合薄膜。利用X射线衍射(XRD),透射电子显微镜(TEM)分析其结构,并且对复合薄膜的机械性能和水蒸气阻隔性能进行了研究。结果表明,当蒙脱土经大豆蛋白改性,黏土层之间的分子间力降低;淀粉、聚乙烯醇、黏土层间的相容性增加,这导致黏土片层在聚合物基质中更好的分散,形成了剥离程度较高的纳米结构。纳米结构的形成,使淀粉/聚乙烯醇薄膜水蒸气透过性显著下降,拉伸强度增加,断裂伸长率下降。     

一种新型淀粉基全生物降解农膜的特性研究

研究了以玉米淀粉为主要原料,经纳米SiO2改性淀粉制备的一种新型淀粉基全生物降解农膜的微观结构、生物降解性能、力学性能及田艺特性。结果表明：纳米SiO2与淀粉分子间形成了均匀的化学键合作用,大大提高了薄膜的力学性能,其力学性能达到国标GB4456—1996所规定的标准;降解性能为：103天生物分解百分率达到62．36％;土埋20天后,微生物生长达到4级,生物降解性能显著;具有普通聚乙烯薄膜相同的保温保水性能。该研究结果为推广与应用生物降解薄膜、消除“白色污染”提供了实际参考。     

纳米二氧化硅改性聚乙烯醇/淀粉复合膜的制备及性能研究

以聚乙烯醇(PVA)/淀粉为基体,分别以浓度、直径、加入方式不同的纳米SiO_2为变量制备改性PVA/淀粉复合膜,测试其力学、透光、耐水、降解性能。实验发现,当PVA/淀粉复合膜料液浓度为8%时,薄膜的拉伸强度与断裂伸长率最大。添加5 g 60 nm SiO_2溶胶,薄膜拉伸强度、透光率最大。随着溶胶量增加,断裂伸长率下降;SiO_2在复合膜料液中浓度降低至5%之后,吸水率下降;土埋失重率与酶解失重率下降。综合各方面性质,发现60 nm SiO_2溶胶改性复合膜表面没有杂质,膜体透明、柔软、韧性更好,在力学性能、透光率、耐水性方面更优。初步分析认为,纳米SiO_2以更小的尺寸均匀分散在PVA/淀粉共混体系中,通过形成更多氢键,增强了网络结构,提高了薄膜的综合性能。     

改性纳米SiO_2的制备及其在WPUA上的应用

采用溶胶-凝胶法,通过正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)水解缩合反应制备出纳米二氧化硅,通过硅烷偶联剂乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷(A-151)对SiO2粒子进行表面改性后,以丙烯酸(AA)和甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)对纳米SiO2进行包覆反应,进行二次改性,最终得到稳定的纳米SiO2分散液。通过透射电镜(TEM)、红外光谱(IR),热重分析仪(TGA)等手段,对产品进行了表征,并将此SiO2分散液应用到WPUA(水性丙烯酸-聚氨酯)乳液的制备,得到了稳定的SiO2-PUA复合乳液。经检测,该纳米复合材料的涂膜性能得到一定的提高。     

玉米淀粉-聚乙烯醇复合薄膜生产工艺研究

以玉米淀粉和聚乙烯醇为基本成膜物质,添加适宜助剂,对其成膜特性进行了系统研究.通过单因素试验,研究了玉米淀粉质量浓度、聚乙烯醇质量浓度、增塑剂甘油体积分数和交联剂戊二醛体积分数对玉米淀粉-聚乙烯醇复合薄膜性能的影响,在单因素试验基础上进行了L9(34)正交试验,确定了玉米淀粉-聚乙烯醇复合薄膜最佳工艺参数.试验结果表明:在6.5 g/mL玉米淀粉和3.5 g/mL聚乙烯醇溶液中添加4.0%甘油和0.6%戊二醛,100℃水浴下交联反应25 min,刮膜后70～90℃恒温干燥45 min,所得到的可降解薄膜不仅呈现良好的外观,而且具有良好的抗张强度、伸长率和透光率,其抗张强度达27.18 MPa,伸长率达309.5%,透光率为51.97%.     

超声波制备纳米SiO2-马铃薯淀粉复合膜性能优化及结构表征

为提高纳米SiO2在马铃薯淀粉膜中的分散性以增强纳米复合膜的包装保鲜性能,通过2?次超声波处理制备纳米SiO2-马铃薯淀粉复合膜,以马铃薯淀粉用量、甘油用量、纳米SiO2用量为考察因素,对纳米复合膜的性能进行正交试验优化,对其进行微观结构表征,以及对采后双孢蘑菇进行包装保鲜实验。结果表明,超声波使纳米SiO2较均匀地分散在马铃薯淀粉膜中,且适合超声波合成纳米复合膜的最佳膜液配比为马铃薯淀粉用量3.5?g/100?mL、甘油用量3?g/100?mL、纳米SiO2?用量0.3?g/100?mL。X-射线衍射光谱与傅里叶变换红外光谱分析证实超声波合成法使纳米SiO2与马铃薯淀粉分子间形成较强的氢键;紫外光谱分析表明超声波合成的纳米复合膜具有较好的抗紫外光作用。此外,超声波合成的纳米复合膜包装保鲜性能得到增强,其透水率、透氧率、水溶性较普通合成的纳米复合膜分别降低了30.22%、71.16%、39.61%,拉伸强度提高了17.82%,可较好地控制双孢蘑菇贮藏过程中活性氧的代谢,延长其货架期。     

原位聚合SiO2/PSSS纳米复合粒子的制备及其性能

以γ-（甲基丙烯酰氧）丙基三甲氧基硅烷（KH-570）对溶胶凝胶制备得到的纳米SiO2进行表面接枝改性,然后通过原位聚合制备二氧化硅/聚对苯乙烯磺酸钠（SiO2/PSSS）纳米复合粒子。研究了对苯乙烯磺酸钠（SSS）和过硫酸铵（APS）用量对SiO2/PSSS纳米复合粒子粒径的影响,探讨了SiO2/PSSS纳米复合粒子在水相中的分散稳定性。结果表明当SSS占SiO2质量分数的25%,引发剂APS占SSS质量分数的1.5%时,得到SiO2/PSSS纳米复合粒子的粒径为150nm;红外光谱（FTIR）和透射电镜（TEM）测试结果表明纳米SiO2表面成功包覆了PSSS,热失重（TGA）分析表明SiO2表面包覆聚合物的量约占其总重的27.5%,SiO2/PSSS纳米复合粒子在水相中具有良好的分散稳定性。     

丙烯酸酯-聚氨酯/纳米SiO_2复合乳液的制备和性能研究

采用预聚体分散法合成了纳米PUA,通过不同方法对纳米SiO2粉体表面进行改性,制备出SD型、SS5型和SM型纳米SiO2分散液,将得到的PUA乳液和纳米SiO2分散液共混,得到一系列丙烯酸酯-聚氨酯/纳米SiO2复合乳液(SPUA)。性能检测结果表明:随着纳米SiO2含量的增加,SPUA膜断裂伸长率、抗张强度和尺寸稳定性先上升后下降,吸水率和失重率先降后上升,硬度增加;SS5型SPUA膜断裂伸长率和尺寸稳定性最好,SM型SPUA膜抗张强度、硬度最好。     

玉米淀粉生物降解薄膜的制备及其生物降解特性的研究

以天然高聚物玉米淀粉为原料,经增塑、增强、交联后制备全生物降解薄膜。通过正交实验确定了三种增塑剂的协同作用最佳配比,探索了增强剂、交联剂对薄膜力学性能的影响,研究了该薄膜的生物降解特性,并通过X-衍射对该膜的结构进行表征。结果表明：三种增塑剂的最佳用量为15％水、2％丙三醇、2％尿素,20％增强剂聚乙烯醇、5％交联剂乙二醛,所制备的膜强度达到国标GB4456-84所规定的标准;淀粉经塑化、交联后,次价键断裂,晶区被破坏,使淀粉具备热塑性。该膜微生物生长达到4级,土埋20天后,失重率达到90％。该研究结果为用淀粉制造一次性生物降解膜、消除“白色污染”、提供了理论依据和实际参考。     

玉米淀粉/卡拉胶/甘油复合膜的最佳成膜工艺研究

目的 确定玉米淀粉/卡拉胶/甘油复合膜的最佳成膜工艺.方法 以玉米淀粉为基材,与卡拉胶和甘油共混,通过流延法制备复合膜,以薄膜的机械性能为评价指标,通过单因素实验及正交实验来确定最佳成膜工艺.结果 正交实验结果表明当玉米淀粉添加量为3％、卡拉胶添加量为30％、甘油添加量为25％时,玉米淀粉薄膜的机械性能最佳.结论 本研...     

Microstructural Characterization of Plasticized Starch‐Based Films

Edible films were developed using different starch sources (corn starch and amylomaize). Starch suspensions were cold gelatinized with NaOH; either glycerol or sorbitol were used as plasticizer. Films were characterized by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), X‐ray diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and gas (CO₂ and O₂) permeabilities. SEM observations showed that plasticizer addition was necessary for film integrity. The evaluation of film formation by DSC indicated that cold gelatinization was the main factor of thermal transitions. Film crystallinity was analyzed by DSC and X‐ray diffraction during storage. For all tested formulations, film crystallinity increased while gas permeability decreased during storage. Films containing glycerol or sorbitol showed a lower crystalline/amorphous ratio by X‐ray diffraction and DSC than unplasticized films. Amylomaize films with higher crystalline/amorphous ratio gave lower gas permeabilities than the corresponding corn starch films; films containing sorbitol showed lower permeability values than those containing glycerol.     

Producing novel sago starch based food packaging films by incorporating lignin isolated from oil palm black liquor waste

Poor mechanical and barrier properties of starch-based films can be improved by incorporating natural polymer such as lignin. In the present study, novel food packaging films were prepared by casting method from sago palm (Metroxylon sagu) starch (as film matrix with 30% w/w glycerol as plasticizer) by adding lignin isolated from oil palm black liquor waste (from empty fruit bunch), as a reinforcing material (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5% v/w). Results showed packaging films produced by incorporation of isolated lignin to improve selected thermo-mechanical and barrier properties with significant reduction in water vapor permeability, and improved water resistance and seal strength. It is concluded that lignin isolated from oil palm black liquor waste to have great potential to be explored for food packaging purposes. Moreover, this packaging film will be more economical and environmental friendly.     

Mechanical properties of pea starch films associated with xanthan gum and glycerol

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of xanthan gum and glycerol to the starch of green pea with high content of AM (cv. Utrillo) in the preparation of films and their physical characteristics. Filmogenic solution (FS) with different levels of pea starch (3, 4, and 5%), xanthan gum (0, 0.05, and 0.1%), and glycerol (glycerol–starch ratio of 1:5 w/w) were studied. The FS was obtained by boiling (5 min), followed by autoclaving for 1 h at 120°C. The films were prepared by casting. Films prepared only with pea starch were mechanically resistant when compared to other films, prepared with corn, cassava, rice, and even other pea cultivars (yellow, commercial). The tensile strength of these films is comparable to synthetic films prepared with high‐density polyethylene and linear low‐density polyethylene. However, they are films of low elasticity when compared to other films, such as rice starch films, and especially when compared to polyethylene films. The increased concentration of starch in the solution increased the puncture force. The increased concentration of glycerol slightly decreased the film crystallinity and interfered in the mechanical properties of the films, causing reduction of the maximum values of tensile strength, strain at break, and puncture force. The plasticizer also caused an increase of elongation at break. Xanthan gum was important to formation of films; however, it did not affect their mechanical properties.     

N、S改性TiO2及其与淀粉复合膜的抑菌性能及保鲜效果

本文采用脲、硫脲分别对TiO₂进行N、S掺杂改性,通过X-射线衍射和傅里叶红外光谱对改性后复合材料的晶形结构和化学键进行表征分析。研究了N、S改性TiO₂复合材料及其淀粉复合膜在可见光下的抑菌性能;通过测定贮藏期内圣女果腐烂率、失重率及营养物质含量的变化评价复合淀粉膜的保鲜效果。结果表明:N、S改性后的TiO₂复合材料对大肠杆菌的抑菌率分别达到89%和95%,相较于TiO₂分别提高了24%和30%。改性后的TiO₂复合材料能均匀分散在玉米淀粉膜中。将复合膜用于圣女果保鲜,与无膜组相比,经N-TiO₂淀粉复合膜处理的圣女果贮藏8 d后其腐烂率和失重率分别降低了3.33%和10.66%,V_C含量、总酸含量和总糖含量分别是无膜组的1.08、1.06、1.03倍;经S-TiO₂淀粉复合膜处理的圣女果在贮藏8 d后,其腐烂率和失重率分别降低了6.25%和10.90%,V_C含量、总酸含量和总糖含量分别是无膜组的1.11、1.12、1.08倍。综合分析,N-TiO₂、S-TiO₂淀粉复合膜均可有效抑制圣女果贮藏期间的腐烂率、失重率及营养物质的散失,维持其采后新鲜度,延长保鲜期。     

Development and characterisation of composite films made of kefiran and starch

In this study, new edible composite films were prepared by blending kefiran with corn starch. Film-forming solutions of different ratios of kefiran to corn starch (100/0, 70/30, 50/50, 30/70) were cast at room temperature. The effects of starch addition on the resulting films’ physical, mechanical and water–vapor permeability (WVP) properties were investigated. Increasing starch content from 0% to 50% (v/v) decreased the WVP of films; however, with further starch addition the WVP increased. Also, this increase in starch content increased the tensile strength and extensibility of the composite films. However, these mechanical properties decreased at higher starch contents. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) curves showed that addition of starch at all levels increased the glass transition temperature of films. The electron scanning micrograph for the composite film was homogeneous, without signs of phase separation between the components. Thus, it was observed that these two film-forming components were compatible, and that an interaction existed between them.     

玉米淀粉/壳聚糖/魔芋葡甘露聚糖复合膜的制备及物性研究

以玉米淀粉、壳聚糖、魔芋葡甘露聚糖(KGM)为成膜基材。通过研究成膜配方中壳聚糖与KGM质量比、玉米淀粉、甘油、吐温-80等材料的质量分数对复合抗拉强度(TS)、断裂伸长率(EAB)、水蒸气透过系数(WVP)和不透明度(Opacity)的影响,以主成分分析法计算复合膜综合分为评价指标,利用正交实验对复合膜成膜配方进行优化。结果表明:当壳聚糖与KGM质量比1.0∶0.6、玉米淀粉质量分数10%、甘油质量分数0.50%、吐温-80质量分数0.30%时,复合膜TS为(22.53±0.16)MPa,EAB为(20.07±1.18)%,WVP为(1.87±0.01)×10~(-12)g·cm~(-1)·s~(-1)·Pa~(-1),不透明度为(4.13±0.07)mm~(-1),复合膜性能最优。     

酶预处理和酸水解制备糯玉米淀粉纳米晶及其表征

采用糖化酶对糯玉米原淀粉进行预处理,通过X射线衍射(XRD)确定糖化酶预处理的最佳用量,再对酶预处理淀粉进行硫酸酸水解,制备糯玉米淀粉纳米晶,采用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、粒径测量和Zeta电位分析等对淀粉纳米晶进行表征。结果表明,用1000U/(g淀粉)活性的糖化酶对糯玉米原淀粉处理2h,再结合酸水解2天,得到粒径约100nm、分散性好、产率为24.1%的糯玉米淀粉纳米晶;相较于仅硫酸酸水解处理,酶预处理结合酸水解法制备糯玉米淀粉纳米晶的反应时间缩短了3天,产率提高了70.9%,淀粉纳米晶的Zeta电位达-22.3 mV。     

响应面分析法优化L-乳酸发酵培养基的研究

用响应面分析法对干酪乳杆菌(Lactobacilluscaseisub-sp.rhamnosus)生产乳酸的培养基组分进行了优化,建立了影响因素与响应值之间的函数关系,得到一个回归方程。根据回归方程优化得出,当玉米淀粉糖化液为93.3g/L,玉米浆24.1g/L。麸皮8.4g/L时乳酸产量最高。