带空间特性的角色访问控制研究

以自主开发的内嵌式安全空间数据库管理系统SECVISTA为平台,研究带有空间特性的角色访问控制SR-BAC(Spatial Role-Based Access Control)模型的特性。定义在空间环境下的空间对象区域范围约束、空间对象区域大小约束、空间对象责任分离约束和空间对象角色激活基数约束;对RBAC模型会话进行扩展,确定任一空间位置的无阻塞会话集合;讨论分析了空间环境下的角色继承关系;最终建立一个通用的、描述能力强的SRBAC模型。     

基于角色访问控制模型的空间特性扩展

基于角色的访问控制近年来得到了广泛的研究与发展。提出了一个引入空间特性的角色访问控制模型,在模型中对原有授权约束添加了空间特性,并提出了相应算法解决了空间授权约束和会话的状态转变问题。     

带有空间特性角色约束

空间数据库系统和基于移动用户位置的信息服务系统对访问控制模型具有特殊要求--用户地理位置的变化通常会引起用户权限的动态变化.提出一个支持空间特性的角色访问控制模型Spatial-RBAC,详细讨论了在空间环境下的空间区域约束、空间职责分离约束和空间角色激活基数约束.这些约束分别用来控制角色分配、角色状态改变、角色权限分配和角色激活等操作,给传统的基于角色的访问控制模型增加了空间安全描述能力.在安全空间数据库应用中,为了有效地标识用户地理位置的变化,避免不必要的计算,还给出了判断用户当前扮演的角色集的有效作用域的算法,提高了Spatial-RBAC模型的实用性.     

带空间特性的访问控制在汽车终端上的应用

文中主要研究具有位置特性的访问控制技术在未来汽车智能终端上的使用。介绍了基于位置的访问控制的相关定义以及运用到汽车智能终端上的一些约束,并定义了一些相关的角色,以期能将此运用在现实生活中。汽车行驶到不同的位置,其对于某个数据库扮演的角色也会相应发生改变。基于位置的服务作为IT信息服务的重要内容,它根据汽车所处空间位置向其提供在当前环境下所需的数据信息。为了保护隐私,保证数据资源不被非法利用,参考SRBAC访问控制模型,从空间环境下的约束、角色授予、约束违反的解决方式等方面,来描述它将来在汽车终端上的应用。     

一种基于XML Schema的安全访问控制策略

为提高XML文档资源访问控制的安全性,依据RBAC对XML组件具有复杂约束以及模式与元素之间关系的良好重用机制的特性,构建了一种新的访问控制模型—SRBAC。在此基础上,提出了相应目标访问控制算法TDACA,创建了相应策略,验证了SRBAC的有效性,从而实现了有效的访问控制和实例级的认证,保证了XML文件的安全使用。     

周期时间特性的角色访问控制*

针对传统的RBAC模型不能表达时间特性安全访问控制约束的缺点,提出了一个带有周期时间特性的安全访问控制模型。在传统的RBAC模型的基础上定义了周期时间特性的角色访问控制,分析了模型的一致性状态,讨论了一致性状态维护问题,并针对周期时间约束问题提出的相应算法解决了时间授权约束和会话的状态,极大地提高了系统的访问控制能力。     

基于尺度的时空RBAC模型

空间技术的广泛应用,使得空间数据的安全日益重要.空间数据库的访问控制已经成为目前国内外研究的热点问题.现有的空间数据访问控制模型主要分为2大类:一类是对RBAC模型扩展,加入空间位置的判断,提供基于位置的服务,但这类模型缺乏对空间数据自身特性的分析;另一类是基于矢量数据或栅格数据提出的自主访问控制模型,这类模型分析了空间数据的特征,如几何表示、拓扑关系等,但是缺乏一个通用的模型.在传统RBAC模型中扩展了空间位置、时间和尺度等基本数据元素,提出基于尺度的时空RBAC模型(STS-RBAC).通过在角色激活中加入位置和时间的约束条件,增加了空间信息使用的安全性;针对矢量数据和栅格数据定义尺度的概念,增强了访问控制策略的表达能力;同时定义操作集、尺度和空间对象间的关系,使得相关授权信息具有更为简单的表达形式和自动推导特性,减少了重复存储和访问次数,提高了权限判定效率.     

RBAC访问控制模型的会话优先级扩展

基于角色的访问控制模型近年来得到了广泛的重视与发展,提出了一个引入会话优先级概念的访问控制模型.同时给出了会话优先级的算法以及相应的会话调度策略.极大地提高了系统的控制能力并满足了不同身份用户的访问需求.     

TRBAC中翻转点选择和安全恢复算法的研究

在分析具有时间约束特性的角色访问控制模型(TRBAC)的基础上，对其中翻转点选择和安全状态恢复问题进行了阐述，提出了在TRBAC中判断系统安全状态的翻转点选择算法，选择合理的终止会话集合使系统恢复到安全状态的算法。该算法在一定程度上解决了翻转时间点选择过大或过小引起的效率和安全冲突的问题。     

带时间特性的角色访问控制

基于角色的访问控制模型的研究工作近年来得到了广泛的重视,但主要工作均立足于与时间特性无关的其他方面.形式化描述了一个引入时间后的角色访问控制模型.在该模型中对原有授权约束进行了时间扩充.提出的相应算法解决了时间授权约束和会话的状态转变问题.同时分析了模型的一致性状态,并讨论了一致性状态维护问题.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.