Nb,Ce 对 Al_2O_3-中锰钢界面的影响

本文探讨了 Nb、Ce 对 Al_2O_3-中 Mn 钢界面润湿、界面反应和结构以及对界面结合强度的影响.试验表明:加入 Nb,Ce 可以使润湿角显著下降,由不润湿转化为润湿.Nb 改善润湿性的机制是界面吸附,而不产生界面反应,界面仍属于机械或润湿结合类型;Ce 改善润湿性的机制是界面反应,其反应产物主要是CeAlO_3,属反应型界面,适当的界面反应可以使界面结合强度显著提高.     

Influence of particulate morphology on microstructure and tribological properties of cold sprayed A380/Al_2O_3 composite coatings

In this study, three kinds of A380/Al_2O_3 composite coatings were prepared by cold spray(CS) using spherical, irregular and spherical + irregular shaped Al_2O_3 particulates separately mixed in the original A380 alloy powders. The influence of Al_2O_3 particulates' morphology on the microstructural characteristics(i.e.retention of Al_2O_3 content in coatings, coating/matrix interfacial bonding, pore size distribution and morphology etc.) and wear performance of the coatings was investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray computed tomography(XCT) and 3-D optical profilometry. Results indicated that the spherical Al_2O_3 shows obvious tamping effect during deposition process. As a result, the interface showed a wavy shape while the matrix and particulates were mechanical interlocked with much improved adhesion. In addition, the porosity of the coating was minimized and the pores exhibited curved spherical structure with reduced dimensions. The irregular Al_2O_3 particles predominantly displayed the embedding effect together with fragmentation of Al_2O_3 particulates. Consequently, poor coating/matrix interfacial bonding, high porosity and the formation of angular-shaped pores were resulted in the coating. Dry sliding wear tests results revealed that the wear resistance of the coating is directly related with the retained content of Al_2O_3 in the coating. The coating containing irregular Al_2O_3 particulates displayed superior wear performance with its wear rate one seventh of that of the pure A380 alloy coating. The coating containing both kinds of Al_2O_3 particulates showed mixed characteristics of above two kinds of Al_2O_3 composite coatings.     

Effect of Nb on the Interfacial Wettability in A12O3／Medium Mn Steel

To develop medium Mn steel (MMS) matrix composites reinforced by Al2O3 particles, the effect of Nb on the interfacial wettability of Al2O3/MMS and its mechanism were investigated in this paper. The results show that the wetting angle of the specimens with different Nb contents are bigger than that of the specimen without Nb at the first stage, and then decreases with time at 1450 ºC. At certain time, the wetting angle is lower than that of the specimen without Nb. At 1550 and 1600ºC, the wetting angle of the specimens containing Nb decreases quickly with time at first stage. After 10 min, the wetting angle reaches a steady state, and hardly changes with time. The mechanisms of Nb to improve the wettability can be attributed to the enrichment of Nb at the interface and Nb serves as surface active agent of MMS at T<1550ºC, and as catalyzer for the interfacial reaction of Al2O3/MMS at T≥1550ºC, and reduces the interfacial energies.     

燃烧合成ZrB2 / Al2O3 复合粉体及其界面分析

采用燃烧还原合成技术, 以还原体系(B₂O₃ + ZrO2 + Al) 为反应体系制备了ZrB₂ / Al₂O₃ 复合粉体。利用X射线衍射(XRD) 、X 射线光电子能谱(XPS) 和透射电镜( TEM、HRTEM) 对复合粉体的物相组成、化学组成及界面结构进行了表征分析。结果表明, 复合粉体中存在Zr 、B、Al 和O 元素且它们分别以ZrB₂ 和Al₂O₃ 为主要存在形式, ZrB₂ 和Al₂O₃ 为复合粉体的主晶相。复合粉体中有少量ZrO2 的存在, 分析认为是合成反应过程中未参加反应的ZrO2 。ZrB₂ 和Al₂O₃ 颗粒间形成了结合良好的界面, 这主要与ZrB₂ 的结晶过程有关。      

生物玻璃涂层与氧化铝瓷基体的界面反应

对含高钠、高钙的玻璃涂于 Al_2O_3瓷试样表面进行了红外光谱分析,对其断面进行电子探针分析,证实了这种玻璃与 Al_2O_3瓷在高温下迅速反应,Al_2O_3中的 Al~(+3)离子和玻璃中的 Na~+离子互相扩散。     

Measurement of interfacial residual stress in SiC fiber reinforced Ni-Cr-Al alloy composites by Raman spectroscopy

Raman spectroscopy was used to measure Raman spectra of the inner SiC fibers and surface C-rich layers of SiC fibers, composite precursors and SiCf/Ni-Cr-Al composites. The residual stresses of the inner SiC fibers and surface C-rich layers were calculated, and the effect of the(Al + Al_2O_3) diffusion barrier layer on the interfacial residual stress in the composites was analyzed in combination with the interface microstructure and energy disperse spectroscopy(EDS) elements lining maps. The results show that the existence of(Al + Al_2O_3) diffusion barrier improves the compatibility of the SiCf/Ni-Cr-Al interface,inhibits the adverse interfacial reaction, and relieves the residual stress inside SiC fibers and at the interface of composite material. Heat treatment can reduce the residual stress at the interface. As the heat treatment time increases, the residual stress at the interface decreases.     

铝合金表面覆盖SiO2直接氧化生长的反应机理

通过热力学计算和XRD分析,确定了Al-Mg-Si合金熔体与SiO2表面覆盖反应的生成物相为Al2O3,Al,Si和MgAl2O4,直接金属氧化动力学实验表明,SiO2与熔体的接触反应加快了初期的传质过程,使微观传输通道始终处于活性状态,生成的Al2O3构筑了材料的初始骨架,Al2O3/Al复合材料氧化生长的孕育消失。     

反应形成MoSi2/Al2O3陶瓷复合材料的微观结构

以MoO3、Al和Si为原料,通过控制工艺,用反应烧结法制备MoSi2／Al2O3陶瓷复合材料。通过对M0O3 Al Si在Ar气氛中反应的差热曲线分析来确定烧结MoSi2／Al2O3陶瓷复合材料的热处理工艺。分析了生成的MoSi2／Al2O3陶瓷复合材料的X射线图谱、扫描电镜图和能谱分析图,以确定其微观结构。     

高温固相反应工艺制备AlON粉体

以Al₂O₃和AlN为原料, 在氮气气氛下通过高温固相反应工艺合成氮氧化铝（AlON）粉体, 借助XRD分析系统研究了反应温度、保温时间及原料配比等工艺参数对反应产物相组成的影响并探讨了反应机理. 研究结果表明：该反应主要受热力学控制, 动力学因素也具有重要作用, 反应温度和保温时间对AlON粉体的合成均具有重要影响. 在相对较低的反应温度下, 通过AlN固溶进入Al₂O₃晶格形成富氧（O-rich）的AlON相; 在相对较高的反应温度下, 产物中少量残余的AlN通过进一步扩散固溶进入O-rich-AlON晶格形成富氮（N-rich）的AlON相（N-rich-AlON）; 在1950℃时, 合成单相的AlON粉体.     

常规铸造工艺条件下SiCp/Al-Si复合材料中的界面反应

采用搅拌复合法制备了10%SiC／Al—5Si—Mg，10%SiC／Al—7Si—Mg(体积分数)复合材料，研究了在常规铸造工艺条件下重熔后复合材料中的界面反应。通过透射电镜和能谱分析可知，SiC界面基本上都是单一的SiC／Al及SiC／Si界面，部分界面上有MgAl2O4颗粒相形成，由于基体合金中Si的存在，生成Al2C3的有害界面化学反应得到了抑制。对不同文献中抑制Al4C3产生所需临界Si含量实验测定结果的差异进行了分析。     

Polymer/filler derived NbC composite ceramics

NbC containing ceramic composites were manufactured from poly(siloxane)/Nb/NbC filler mixtures by a high temperature reaction bonding process. During heating in an inert atmosphere the Si—O—C ceramic residue of the polymer reacted with the metallic Nb filler to form Nb _x Si _y , NbO and NbC. Samples with a high Nb/NbC ratio showed reduced porosity and increased hardness after pyrolysis at 1200°C.     

Q345B中厚钢板分层缺陷的形成原因

Q345B中厚钢板在拉伸试验后断口出现分层现象，选择分层缺陷严重的部位，采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱仪等对其显微组织、缺陷形态和微区成分进行了分析。结果表明：Q345B钢板拉伸试样分层的主要原因是元素偏析；连铸时，硫、锰、铌和钛等元素在钢带心部偏析形成了硫化锰、碳化铌和碳化钛等夹杂物；轧制过程中，这些夹杂物使心部组织变形成条状或带状组织，从而引起了钢板的分层。     

Solidification microstructures and mechanical properties of vertical centrifugal cast high speed steel

Abstract

This study was undertaken to investigate the influence of Nb and V alloying elements and manufacturing conditions on the microstructural behaviour and mechanical characteristics of HSS (high speed steel) roll manufactured by a VCC (vertical centrifugal casting) process. In the Fe - 2C - 6Cr-1.5W - 3Mo - 4V alloy, the amount of MC carbide was increased and the the amount of M₇C₃ carbide decreased with an increase in V and Nb content. In steel containing 3%Nb, primary NbC carbide was formed within the cell in the matrix. The hardness of steel containing 6.5%V but no Nb was increased a little but when 9%V was added, the hardness decreased in the specimen owing to the soft ferritic matrix. The hardness of the matrix in steel containing 1.5%Nb increased, but decreased for 3%Nb addition. In wear tests, wear loss decreased with increasing rotational wear speed.     

Graphene oxide effects on the properties of Al_2O_3-Cu/35W5Cr composite

Graphene oxide(GO) nanosheets were dispersed into premixed powders(Cu-0.4 wt% Al/35W5Cr) by wet grinding and vacuum freeze-drying process. The 0.3 wt% GO/Al_2O_3-Cu/35W5Cr and 0.5 wt%GO/Al_2O_3-Cu/35W5Cr composites, used for electrical contacts, were fabricated by vacuum hot-pressing sintering.The microstructure was analyzed by field emission scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy. In addition, the Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to investigate the structural changes of GO before and after sintering. The arc erosion behavior was investigated by the JF04 C electrical contact testing apparatus. Consequently, the Al_2O_3 nanoparticles were evenly dispersed in the matrix, causing dislocation tangles. GO was converted to reduced graphene oxide after sintering. A group of carbon atoms combined with Cr forming Cr_3C_2 in situ during sintering, which enhanced the interface bonding. Compared with the Al_2O_3-Cu/35W5Cr composite, the tensile strength of the two contact materials containing 0.3 wt% GO and 0.5 wt% GO was increased by 45% and 34%, respectively. Finally, pips and craters were present on the anode and cathode surfaces, respectively.Tungsten has undergone re-sintering during arcing and formed needle-like structures. Compared with Al_2O_3-Cu/35W5Cr, the GO/Al_2O_3-Cu35W5Cr composites have better welding resistance. The final mass transfer direction of the two composites was from the cathode to anode.     

氧化锆氧化铝复合材料的显微结构

本文研究了在 ZrO_2量为17～78mol%(15～75vol%)的 ZrO_2/Al_2O_3复合材料中 ZrO_2颗粒的分布、晶型以及 Al_2O_3与嵌在 Al_2O_3晶粒内呈球状的 ZrO_2晶界处所形成的反相畴界,并且研究了在该复合材料中形成裂纹时,裂纹两侧和顶端的 ZrO_2颗粒相变后沿相界形成微裂纹的情况。     

多孔Al_2O_3陶瓷/Al_2O_3超微粉/环氧树脂新型复合材料的性能研究

以孔隙规则排列的Al2O3多孔陶瓷为骨架,制备了多孔Al2O3陶瓷/Al2O3超微粉/环氧树脂新型复合材料。研究了三维连通陶瓷骨架对复合材料力学性能和高温尺寸稳定性的影响。研究结果表明,新型复合材料具有更优越的室温和高温力学性能。当陶瓷骨架含量为16.8%时,其室温的抗弯强度、抗弯模量、抗压强度和抗压模量分别为115.5MPa、3.6GPa、170.2MPa、2.4GPa。在120℃压缩时,其抗压强度、抗压模量分别为47.8MPa、0.9GPa。新型复合材料具有良好的高温尺寸稳定性,在180℃尚未发现变形。     

Al2O3/Ti-Al复合材料中Al2O3晶须的原位合成

利用氧对金属Ti、Al粉的部分氧化,原位合成了含有氧化铝晶须的Al2O3/Ti-Al复合材料,通过XRD和SEM等测试手段,发现Al2O3晶须呈网状交叉分布于基体内部的孔隙中.分析了晶须的生成机理,认为氧化铝晶须是通过VLS机理生成,复合材料的原始组成和温度对晶须的显微型貌有直接的影响:随原始组成中铝含量的增加,产物中晶须的数量总体上是在递增的,且发达程度逐渐提高;热处理温度对晶须直径有直接影响,温度升高可以增加晶须直径.     

Al_2O_3-ZrO_2/W/Cr/Ni/Co金属陶瓷的断裂韧性

以Al2O3-ZrO2复合粉末、W、Cr、Ni、Co粉末为原料,采用热压烧结工艺制备了性能优良的Al2O3-ZrO2/W/Cr/Ni/Co金属陶瓷复合材料。通过SEM,EDS,XRD等手段分析其微观组织,单边梁开口法(SENB)测量其断裂韧性。实验结果表明在1320℃,20MPa条件下热压烧结制备的Al2O3-ZrO2/W/Cr/Ni/Co金属陶瓷的断裂韧性为7.16±0.4MPa.m1/2,硬度为83.3HRA,横向断裂强度为540MPa,相对致密度为97.4%;对维氏压痕下裂纹扩展进行了分析,其增韧机理为延性金属对裂纹的桥梁作用和氧化锆相变增韧,在裂纹通过时硬质相以沿晶断裂为主。     

基于选区激光烧结技术的纳米Al2O3改性PS的试验

基于选区激光烧结(SLS)技术,采用表面未处理和表面处理的纳米Al2O3对聚苯乙烯(PS)进行改性试验,并研究了纳米Al2O3用量对其冲击强度、硬度的影响。结果表明,SLS合成制备出了纳米Al2O3在PS基体中分散较均匀的纳米复合块体材料。同时,在相同的SLS工艺参数作用下,纳米Al2O3柱子表面预处理的烧结件的缺口冲击韧性较表面未处理的有显著提高;而硬度几乎不受影响。纳米Al2O3含量6％,缺口冲击韧性最好,达到了11．7kJ／m^2;而纳米含量的变化对硬度的影响不明显。     

原位自生Al_2O_3-TiC_p/Al基复合材料的热力学分析

采用熔铸法制备了原位自生Al2O3-TiCp/Al基复合材料。借助差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱分析仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)等测试技术,对Al-TiO2-C体系的热力学进行了详尽的分析,讨论了过量铝对Al-TiO2-C体系反应的影响。结果表明,通过控制反应温度等工艺参数完全可以获得原位自生Al2O3-TiCp/Al基复合材料,避免副产物Al3Ti和Al4C3的产生。Al-TiO2-C体系原位合成Al2O3-TiCp/Al基复合材料存在着复杂的化学反应。首先在无过量铝的情况下,Al与TiO2发生置换反应,生成了Al2O3和游离态[Ti],而后游离态[Ti]与C结合生成TiC;而存在过量铝的情况下,首先发生铝热反应生成Al3Ti,进而Al3Ti与C结合生成TiC。最终完全获得Al2O3-TiCp/Al复合材料。随着过量Al含量由0增加至70%,Al与TiO2反应生成Al2O3的反应起始温度不断降低。