301奥氏体不锈钢薄板拉伸强度与冷轧硬度之间的关系

 为对冷轧不锈钢薄板的产品硬度控制提供指导,尝试用一个新的方法来取代试轧,既达到控制冷轧板硬度的目的,又能降低成本、提高效率。对099mm厚的经过退火的301奥氏体不锈钢薄板进行冷轧减薄,并进行室温拉伸试验,测量其维氏硬度。通过观察金相和利用X射线衍射,验证了应变诱导马氏体相变是导致301奥氏体不锈钢冷轧和拉伸时产生加工硬化的主要原因。试验结果表明,冷轧和拉伸有着相似的加工硬化趋势,综合拉伸与轧制试验数据,确定了拉伸强度与冷轧硬度之间的关系,实现了通过拉伸强度来得到对应应变下的冷轧硬度,具有很好的预见性。冷轧可以提高301不锈钢的强度和硬度,显著改善其力学性能。     

冷轧变形量对高氮奥氏体不锈钢Mnl7Crl9N0.6组织和性能的影响

对感应炉-电渣重熔冶炼的节镍型高氮奥氏体不锈钢Mn17Cr19N0.6的3mm热轧板进行变形量10%～60%的冷轧及拉伸实验。结合金相组织观察及XRD物相分析,研究高氮奥氏体不锈钢冷变形过程中微观组织变化规律,得出结论:在冷轧过程中,随着变形量的增加,实验钢中晶粒的形状由块状到压扁拉长状,滑移从单滑移为主到交滑移,孪晶最终被分割破碎。实验钢在不同冷轧变形量后的组织均为单一的奥氏体相,并没有出现其他相,实验钢在冷变形过程中没有发生马氏体转变,因此,实验钢在冷轧过程中没有通过相变强化,以形变强化为主,抗拉强度从冷轧变形量为10%时的1045 MPa升高至变形量为60%时的1880MPa,因此通过冷变形可以制备出不同强度级别且组织为单一奥氏体的特种材料。     

冷轧变形量对高氮奥氏体不锈钢Mn17Cr19N0.6组织和性能的影响

对感应炉-电渣重熔冶炼的节镍型高氮奥氏体不锈钢Mn17Cr19N0.6的3mm热轧板进行变形量10%～60%的冷轧及拉伸实验。结合金相组织观察及XRD物相分析,研究高氮奥氏体不锈钢冷变形过程中微观组织变化规律,得出结论:在冷轧过程中,随着变形量的增加,实验钢中晶粒的形状由块状到压扁拉长状,滑移从单滑移为主到交滑移,孪晶最终被分割破碎。实验钢在不同冷轧变形量后的组织均为单一的奥氏体相,并没有出现其他相,实验钢在冷变形过程中没有发生马氏体转变,因此,实验钢在冷轧过程中没有通过相变强化,以形变强化为主,抗拉强度从冷轧变形量为10%时的1 045 MPa升高至变形量为60%时的1 880 MPa,因此通过冷变形可以制备出不同强度级别且组织为单一奥氏体的特种材料。     

晶粒细化对奥氏体不锈钢高温力学性能的影响

摘要：对粗晶201LN奥氏体不锈钢采用60%冷变形结合700℃退火120s工艺制备超细晶奥氏体不锈钢,研究晶粒细化对奥氏体不锈钢高温力学性能的影响。利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、电子背散射衍射技术对粗晶和超细晶奥氏体钢进行了组织表征,并使用万能试验机测试20和650℃环境下力学性能。结果显示粗晶奥氏体不锈钢经过冷变形结合退火工艺处理,平均晶粒尺寸由18μm细化为0.9μm,屈服强度由383MPa提高到704MPa,而伸长率由63.8%下降到46.3%,表明晶粒细化能有效提高奥氏体不锈钢屈服强度的同时较小损害塑性,TEM证实其形变机制均为形变诱导马氏体和孪生协同作用。当温度由20℃提高到650℃时,粗晶奥氏体不锈钢屈服强度和伸长率分别下降到180MPa和28.1%,超细晶奥氏体不锈钢屈服强度和伸长率分别为384MPa和24.2%。这表明在650℃高温环境下细晶强化作用仍然有效,粗晶和超细晶奥氏体不锈钢也有较好的塑性,其形变机制分别变为位错滑移和位错滑移+层错+孪生。     

冷轧工艺对奥氏体不锈钢组织性能的影响

通过对亚稳定奥氏体不锈钢SUS301L和稳定奥氏体不锈钢SUS309进行10％～70％的冷轧变形,研究了两个典型奥氏体不锈钢的组织和力学性能演变.结果表明,SUS301L不锈钢在冷轧变形过程中发生形变马氏体的转变,马氏体形核于剪切带的交叉点处,形核点的不断连接长大成为板条的形变马氏体;而SUS309通过滑移来协调塑性变形,冷变形过程中不发生马氏体转变.二者均有明显的加工硬化,即硬度和强度均随着冷轧变形量的增加而升高,延伸率表现为相反的趋势.但SUS301L是位错累积和形变马氏体转变量增加的综合作用,而SUS309仅是位错不断累积增多的结果.     

真空热轧不锈钢复合板界面结合行为的研究

为了研究真空热轧不锈钢复合板的结合行为,本文以热轧304不锈钢/Q345低碳钢复合板为研究对象,通过剪切试验及组织分析等手段研究了变形量及真空度对不锈钢复合板结合性能的影响规律.结果表明,轧制总变形量从35%增加到75%之后复合板的剪切强度大约可增加100 MPa.真空度降低会导致结合界面氧化程度增加,进而降低复合板的结合性能,当真空由0.1 Pa变为20 Pa时,界面氧化物的比例由约10%提高到约50%,剪切强度由440 MPa降低到了350 MPa左右.最后根据试验结果提出了热轧不锈钢复合板的结合行为.     

Nb含量对TRIP钢组织和性能的影响

利用Gleeble-1500热模拟机对不同Nb含量的TRIP钢的热轧过程进行了热模拟实验.研究了Nb含量对TRIP钢组织和性能的影响.实验结果表明：Nb的加入使得实验钢的组织得到细化,贝氏体量增多;增加Nb含量,残余奥氏体量和残余奥氏体含碳量有所降低,宏观维氏硬度值增加;Nb的质量分数为0.014%时,残余奥氏体量为19.2%、残余奥氏体含碳量为1.422%、宏观维氏硬度为258HV和抗拉强度为851 MPa.     

冷轧和固溶处理对改进型202不锈钢组织和力学性能的影响

研究总冷轧变形量12.5%～46.4%和900～1150℃固溶处理对成分(%)为:0.04C,8.18Mn,15.21Cr,4.05Ni,1.65Cu,0.12N的改进型202亚稳奥氏体不锈钢3 mm板组织和性能的影响。结果表明,经总变形量46.4%冷轧后,形变诱发产生约26%α′马氏体,该钢的强度达1200 MPa;固溶处理使α′马氏体发生逆转变(α′→γ),900℃固溶可使α′马氏体完全转变成γ奥氏体并完成全部再结晶;改进型不锈钢经900～1100℃固溶处理具有预期的组织和良好的综合力学性能。     

冷轧变形量对Mn13耐磨钢组织和性能的影响

采用拉力试验、金相检验、X-射线衍射分析（XRD）和透射电镜（TEM）研究了冷轧变形量（12.7%~38.3%）对耐磨钢Mn13（/%:0.98C,0.45Si,13.1Mn,0.024P,0.002S,0.65Cr,0.06Mo,0.05V）7.0~10.0 mm板力学性能、组织和相对导磁率的影响。结果表明,随着冷轧变形量增加,Mn13钢的强度、表面硬度及屈强比等明显增加,当变形量由0增加至38.3%时,钢的抗拉强度、表面硬度（HB）值和屈强比分别由1 030 MPa,305和0.50提高至1450 MPa,460和0.79,同时伸长率由28%降至2.5%。加工硬化过程中,没有发生马氏体转变,形变孪晶的数量和位错密度增加,大量的形变孪晶、高密度位错是Mn13钢产生加工硬化的主要原因。     

冷加工对CN-1515奥氏体不锈钢包壳管亚结构的影响

通过透射电镜（TEM）和背散射电子衍射（EBSD）对冷加工后CN-1515奥氏体不锈钢包壳管亚结构的演变规律进行研究。结果表明，随着冷轧变形量的提高，退火孪晶减少，形变孪晶数量逐渐增大，孪晶宽度和孪晶间距不断变小，孪晶宽度由变形量为15%时的0.03～0.043μm减小到25%时的<0.02μm，而位错胞的尺寸则呈现先变大后变小的趋势。另外，冷轧工艺条件下，形变孪晶的形态也是一直保持平直，冷拔时出现孪晶界的弯折。在相同变形量下，冷拔比冷轧会产生更多的形变孪晶。     

Influence of strain-induced phase transformation on the surface crystallographic texture in cold-rolled-and-aged austenitic stainless steel

Stainless steels (SSs) having a stable and metastable austenitic phase were studied to see the influence of strain-induced phase transformation in the metastable austenitic stainless steel on the evolution of texture during cold rolling and aging. AISI 304L and 316L SS plates were unidirectionally cold rolled up to a 90 pct reduction and aged at different aging temperatures. The strain-induced transformation of austenite to α′-martensite phase and the evolution of texture in both the phases were studied as a function of rolling reduction as well as aging temperature in the metastable 304L austenitic stainless steel. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique was employed to quantify the volume fractions and characterize the texture of austenite and martensite phases in the rolled and aged conditions. Results are compared with the texture evolution in the stable austenitic 316L SS.     

Effect of Grain Size on Mechanical Properties of Nickel-Free High Nitrogen Austenitic Stainless Steel

The fine grained structures of nickel-free high nitrogen austenitic stainless steels had been obtained by means of cold rolling and subsequent annealing.The relationship between microstructure and mechanical properties and gain size of nickel-free high nitrogen austenitic stainless steels was examined.High strength and good ductility of the steel were found.In the grain size range,the Hall-Petch dependency for yield stress,tensile strength,and hardness was valid for grain size ranges for the nickel-free high nitrogen austenitic stainless steel.In the present study,the ductility of cold rolled nickel-free high nitrogen austenitic stainless steel decreased with annealing time when the grain size was refined.The fracture surfaces of the tensile specimens in the grain size range were covered with dimples as usually seen in a ductile fracture mode.     

304与301B奥氏体不锈钢在线固溶热处理工艺研究

通过双道次热压缩和热轧试验研究了在线固溶热处理工艺对304和301B奥氏体不锈钢组织和性能的影响,提高终了压缩温度、冷却速度,降低卷取温度,可以改善奥氏体不锈钢微观组织,减少碳化物析出,提高抗晶间腐蚀能力和力学性能.将该工艺应用于工业生产的304奥氏体不锈钢热轧卷板,测试结果表明304各项性能得到改善,冷轧前退火工序可被在线固溶取代.     

Effect of Cold Rolling on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AISI 301LN Metastable Austenitic Stainless Steels

 The microstructure and mechanical properties evolution of AISI 301LN metastable austenitic stainless steels during cold rolling were investigated. A wide range of cold thickness reduction (10%-80%) was carried out in a four-high rolling mill at ambient temperature. The X-ray and Feritscope MP30 were used to identify the strain-induced α′-martensite phase and its volume fraction, respectively. The microstructure was observed by optical micrograph and the mechanical properties were determined by tensile tests and microhardness. The results show that the strain-induced α′-martensite nucleated at the shear bands intersections and the growth of α′-martensite occurred by the repeated nucleation of new embryos. The volume fraction of strain-induced α′-martensite increased with increasing the cold rolling reduction. In addition, the percentage increased in the tensile strength is the same as that of hardness. The ratio between the average tensile strength and the average microhardness was found to range between 2.82 and 3.17.     

Effect of Cyclic Thermal Process on Ultrafine Grain Formation in AISI 304L Austenitic Stainless Steel

As-received hot-rolled commercial grade AISI 304L austenitic stainless steel plates were solution treated at 1060 °C to achieve chemical homogeneity. Microstructural characterization of the solution-treated material revealed polygonal grains of about 85-μm size along with annealing twins. The solution-treated plates were heavily cold rolled to about 90 pct of reduction in thickness. Cold-rolled specimens were then subjected to thermal cycles at various temperatures between 750 °C and 925 °C. X-ray diffraction showed about 24.2 pct of strain-induced martensite formation due to cold rolling of austenitic stainless steel. Strain-induced martensite formed during cold rolling reverted to austenite by the cyclic thermal process. The microstructural study by transmission electron microscope of the material after the cyclic thermal process showed formation of nanostructure or ultrafine grain austenite. The tensile testing of the ultrafine-grained austenitic stainless steel showed a yield strength 4 to 6 times higher in comparison to its coarse-grained counterpart. However, it demonstrated very poor ductility due to inadequate strain hardenability. The poor strain hardenability was correlated with the formation of strain-induced martensite in this steel grade.     

冷加工对316L不锈钢力学行为和组织的影响

采用室温拉伸及硬度测试研究了不同的冷变形量对316L不锈钢室温力学性能及硬度的影响,并通过OM、TEM对冷变形后组织结构的观察,分析讨论了不同变形后力学性能及硬度的变化机制.结果表明,冷变形使材料的强度和硬度得到大幅度提高,但塑性有所降低.冷变形量为25％时,钢的屈服强度可达到745 MPa,同时伸长率达到19.3％.随冷变形量的不同,该钢加工硬化能力不同.变形量低于2.5％时,强度、硬度增加的速度较快,而变形量高于约2.5％后,强度、硬度增加的速度却相对较小,其原因是变形机制不同.另外,冷变形后钢的屈服强度与硬度有着相似的变化规律,由此提出了由冷变形后硬度变化预测冷变形后拉伸屈服强度的方程.     

两相质量比对粉末冶金双相不锈钢显微组织与力学性能的影响

将316L奥氏体不锈钢粉末与430铁素体不锈钢粉末分别按照80:20、65:35、50:50质量比混合,采用冷等静压成型方法制备了双相不锈钢,研究了奥氏体和铁素体起始粉末质量比对双相不锈钢组织结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明:当奥氏体和铁素体起始粉末质量比为65:35,烧结温度1350℃,保温时间60 min时,双相不锈钢综合力学性能较好,其中,抗拉强度为847 MPa,屈服强度为281 MPa,硬度为HV 207,断后伸长率为37.5%。