改性油脂乙氧基化物的制备及性能研究

通过甲醇酯交换对棕榈油和棕榈仁油进行改性,制备改性油脂,并对其甘油含量和羟值进行测定,考察温度、催化剂用量和投料比对反应的影响。结果表明,70℃时,产物羟值最大,甲醇的反应量最大。选择最佳反应温度为70℃,选择反应催化剂用量为1‰。合成一系列改性油脂乙氧基化物,并对其氧乙烯含量和应用性能进行测定,氧乙烯含量基本达到60%。改性棕榈仁油乙氧基化物的润湿性能和乳化性能均优于改性棕榈油乙氧基化物,且该系列产品的大豆油乳化力均优于石蜡乳化力。改性棕榈仁油乙氧基化物的泡沫稍高于改性棕榈油乙氧基化物,两者的去污性能差别不大,性能良好。     

油脂乙氧基化产品综述

油脂基础原料与环氧乙烷经加成反应生成乙氧基化产品,是非离子表面活性剂的主要产品,用途广泛。从原料、产品用途、生产工艺技术和三废情况等方面,简要对油脂乙氧基化产品进行了综述。     

改性油脂乙氧基化物及其复配体系的性能研究

对改性油脂乙氧基化物(SOE)的水溶性、低温流动性、去污力、泡沫和乳化力等性能进行研究,以SOE/LAS/AES三元复配体系为基础,研究其凝胶相区,考察配方体系的稳定性、去污力和泡沫等性能。结果表明,改性油脂乙氧基化物可与水任意比例互溶,凝点低于-10℃,去污力与AEO9相当,具有较强的乳化力,泡沫低,适用于高浓缩洗涤剂配方;SOE/LAS/AES三元复配体系的凝胶范围窄,泡沫低,其去污力和稳定性满足行业标准对浓缩型洗涤剂的要求。     

双吸泵油脂乳化的原因及预防措施

通过对地面以下安装的双吸泵油脂乳化原因的分析,提出了相应的预防措施。     

烷氧基化产品的生产工艺、催化剂及其特殊应用

介绍了烷氧基化产品的生产工艺、催化剂及应用。应用方面主要介绍了烷氧基化产品接人特殊基团后的改性应用,即各种封端聚醚的特殊用途。     

国家科技部国际合作重点项目“天然油脂催化乙氧基化合作开发”进一步会谈在并隆重举行

本刊讯继2011年中国日化院王万绪院长、李秋小院长、波兰拉多姆大学副校长SULEK教授、波兰MEXE0公司HRECZUCH博士就国家科技部国际合作重点项目“天然油脂催化乙氧基化合作开发”中期会谈后,HEXE0公司总裁HRECZUCH博士意大利那不勒斯大学化学院HARTIN0教授近期应中国日化院邀请参加了在上海召开的2012（第十二届丁国际表面活性剂和洗涤剂会议,会上就国际合作项目的成果进行了发布并分析了乙氧基化工艺及反应装壹的动态。随后,HRECZUCH和MARTIN0一行来到中国日化院,双方就前一阶段的工作     

复合型碱土金属乙氧基化分布催化剂及其性能研究

研制出复合型碱土金属乙氧基化催化剂（简称ＦＨ型）。通过辛基酚和月桂醇的乙氧基化 其催化活性和产品的分子量分布。结果表明，这种催化上催化活性高，合成了乙氧基化产物分子量分布窄，色泽好。     

改性油脂乙氧基化物与平平加二元复配体系的性能研究

通过水溶性、凝固点、润湿、乳化、去污及泡沫性能的测试,研究了非离子表面活性剂改性油脂乙氧基化物(SOE-N-60)与平平加O-20、平平加O-25的二元复配体系的性能。结果表明,25 ℃时,对于总质量分数为70%的SOE-N-60与平平加二元复配产品,SOE-N-60与平平加O-25的质量比大于5∶5时;SOE-N-60与平平加O-20的质量比大于4∶6时;均能形成均一透明的体系,且产品的凝固点均低于10 ℃;SOE-N-60与平平加O-20及平平加O-25的二元复配体系的去污性能以及对液体石蜡的乳化性能均表现出一定的协同增效作用;复配体系的泡沫略高于单一SOE-N-60。此类复配产品有望用于低温低泡浓缩液体洗涤剂配方中。     

醋酸丁酯一步法乙氧基化合成聚乙二醇丁醚醋酸酯

通过共沉淀法合成出水滑石类的LDH复合氧化物材料,经过三乙胺改性后,发现其在XRD、FT-IR、NH_3-TPD、CO_2-TPD及TEM的表征中与改性前相比有显著差别。研究表明,改性后的催化剂有弱酸和弱碱双活性中心。和改性前相比,使用三乙胺改性后的催化剂在醋酸丁酯的乙氧基化反应中,反应活性明显提高,1EO产物含量显著增大,产品分布变窄。     

乙氧基化脂肪酸甲酯的性能及丙氧基化改性研究

以单碳酸或混合酸甲酯为原料，通过一步法乙氧基化反应合成了不同链长的脂肪酸和不同EO数的乙氧基化脂肪酸甲酯(EFME)，测定了EFME的物化性能和应用性能。结果表明，EFME具有低成本、低泡等特殊优点，性能依赖EO加成数变化连续可调整，EFME中的封端甲基是导致其性能不同于AEO的最重要的结构因素。用PO对EFME进行化学改性，先加成PO的产品的起泡力更低、流变性更好，与不改性产品相比起泡力降为原先的29％；稳泡性降为原先的22％；黏度降低为原先的44％。说明PO位于分子的亲水端侧较处于疏水端侧对产品的泡沫性和流变性的影响程度更大，通过PO改性可以进一步开发EFME的新用途。     

油脂催化加氢催化剂的研究进展

介绍了国内外油脂加氢催化剂的研究状况及金属镍的催化原理、影响催化剂活性的因素、催化剂载体、催化剂中毒、催化剂制备方法、催化反应条件的控制等，指出开展油脂加氢催化剂研究的重要意义。     

Regulatory Changes Affecting the Production and Use of Fats and Oils: Focus on Partially Hydrogenated Oils

Partially hydrogenated oils (PHO), the products of incomplete catalytic hydrogenation of food oils, have been widely employed by the food industry for more than a century. Their exceptional stability and technologic characteristics made them the preferred choice for the production of several food products including margarines, bakery goods, and frying oils. Some of these highly prized characteristics were provided by the high content in trans fatty acids (TFA), defined as fatty acids with one or more isolated double bond in trans configuration. The discovery of negative health effects associated with dietary intake of TFA triggered world-wide a wave of regulatory actions aimed to curb their consumption. PHO became the main target of most campaigns aimed to reduce consumption of TFA, and their fortune in the food industry progressively faded. At the 2017, AOCS Annual Meeting in Orlando, a group of experts from regulatory agencies and industry from North America and Europe met to discuss the current status of government regulations and industry adaptations regarding the productions and use of PHO. The discussion was enriched by including the impact on fats and oils production of the 2016 amendment of the Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976 (TSCA). The present publication may not include all regulatory changes that took place after this symposium, in 2017.     

Lipophilicity of Flavonoids Estimated by Reversed-Phase High Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography: Chemically Bonded Plates vs. Impregnated Plates with Oils,Animal, and Human Fats

Silica gel plates impregnated with a variety of oils (olive oil, sunflower oil, corn oil, trioctylamine, and paraffin oil) and fats (margarine, butter, cod liver fat, pig fat, sheep fat, pullet fat, and human fat) were evaluated and compared with the commercially available reversed-phases TLC plates (RP-18, RP-18 W, and CN). A representative series of flavonoids is employed to evaluate the suitability of oils and fats as reversed-phases for TLC and to provide different lipophilicity indices: R_M0, scores corresponding to first principal component of R_F and/or R_M, arithmetic mean of R_F and R_M values obtained with solvent mixture containing various concentrations of methanol in water. The retention results were excellent (r > 0.96) and allowed for accurate estimation of lipophilicity of selected flavonoids and to ranking the lipophilicity of oils and fats when comparing with chemically bonded phases. The human fat-impregnated plates provided lipophilicity values closely associated with those obtained for margarine and butter. Moreover, the human fat lipophilic character seems to be placed between pullet and cod fats. Concerning the lipophilicity scale of vegetable oils, it is worth noting that the corn oil presents the highest lipophilicity, closely followed by the sunflower and olive oils.     

Triacylglycerol Analysis of Fats and Oils by Evaporative Light Scattering Detection

A high performance liquid chromatography method with evaporative light scattering detection was developed for the analysis of oils and fats, which enabled excellent separation of major and minor triacylglycerol (TAG) species in 33 min, including regeneration of the column. The influence of the mobile phase and temperature on separation and analysis time were evaluated with a cocoa butter standard. The influence of the drift tube temperature and flow of the nebulising gas on the evaporative light scattering detector output signal was investigated by means of a response surface experimental design. Especially the flow of the nebulising gas had a profound effect on the detector signal. An optimal separation was obtained when using a 150 × 3.0 mm C18 column with 3 μm particle diameter at 20 °C and an acetonitrile/dichloromethane gradient at 0.72 mL/min. The maximum response was attained when the ELSD detector was set at the minimum temperature (45 °C) and a gas flow of 1.2 L/min. Finally, the linearity of the detector was investigated. It was found that at very low concentrations, the signal tends to flatten towards zero, giving an underestimation for minor TAG species, especially for oils or fats with a mixed fatty acid composition.     

酶催化油脂水解技术新进展及发展趋势

介绍了近年来内化油脂水解国内外技术新进展,生物反应器在油脂酶水解中的应用,酶固定在载体上的脂肪酶水解油脂及发展趋势。     

Isothermal Crystallization of Palm Oil-Based Fats with and without the Addition of Essential Oils

The objective of study was to evaluate the crystallization behavior of palm oil-based fats processed with and without the addition of essential oils (5% w/w) obtained from the flowers (EsOF) and stems (EsOS) of Pituranthos scoparius. Palm oil (PO) and a mixture of PO, soybean oil, and sunflower oil (Mix) were tested. The addition of the essential oils did not change the melting points of the fats but affected their crystallization behavior. A delay in crystallization was observed, evidenced by lower crystallization rates, and lower solid fat contents. This delay was comparable in the samples crystallized with EsOF and EsOS for the PO samples but EsOF was more efficient at delaying crystallization in the Mix sample. EsOF generated a less organized crystalline network in both samples (lower enthalpy values) while EsOS generated a more organized crystalline network (high enthalpy values) when used in the Mix sample. The addition of EsO also affected the crystal microstructure in some cases. While a slight increase in crystal size was observed for some PO samples crystallized with EsOF, no change or a decrease in crystal size was observed for the samples crystallized with EsOS. A slight decrease in crystal size was observed for Mix samples crystallized with EsOF while no effect was observed for these samples crystallized with EsOS. Results from this study show that these essential oils can be used as natural additives to modify the crystallization of fats for food applications and therefore widen their functional properties.     

Comprehensive Triacylglycerol Characterization of Oils and Butters of 15 Amazonian Oleaginous Species by ESI‐HRMS/MS and Comparison with Common Edible Oils and Fats

The Amazon rain forest encompasses an extraordinary source of vegetable oils with many applications, especially for food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries. In this work, the main composition of fifteen Amazonian oils and butters are investigated via gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) and electrospray ionization high resolution mass spectrometry (ESI‐HRMS). Triacylglycerols (TAG) are characterized by their fragmentation spectra and comparison with the LIPID MAPS database, resulting in a detailed compendium of TAG composition of these samples. Over 70 different TAG are putatively annotated per sample and the occurrence of isomers is remarkable, showing that TAG complexity in these samples is considerably higher than ever reported. The TAG composition of the Amazonian samples are also statistically evaluated using principal component analysis (PCA) for comparison to common edible oils such as soybean, corn, coconut, and olive oil. Some tendencies of grouping are observed: butters with medium chain fatty acids (FA); butters with high oleic FA; and oils with high oleic and high linoleic FA contents. This study provided profiles that ensure Amazonian oils and butters authenticity, quality and also aids in understanding their properties and the best applications for each. Practical Applications: It is expected that this comprehensive set of data on the TAG composition of Amazonian oils and butters will help guide the use and applications of these products, providing consumers with the best benefits from a nutritional perspective. Moreover, adulterations could be more easily detected when a database is available, since the chemical composition of certified samples is investigated in this work. Ultimately, this study can encourage the sustainable production and applications of Amazonian oils and appropriate use of Amazon rain forest resources.     

天然油脂酯化效果的表征

综合介绍了各种表征天然油脂酯化效果的方法,根据在不同反应条件下进行的酯化反应,对各种表征方法的优势与不足之处进行了分析与比较,并对其做了一定的概括和总结,以利于不同生产者进行科学合理的选择和应用。     

我国油脂深加工研发现状

介绍了我国油脂深加工研发现状。根据天然油脂中官能团的反应对油脂深加工的路线进行了描述,对当前我国主要油脂衍生产品的制备技术及产品应用进行了总结和分析,并对今后的发展进行了探讨。     

天然商陆色素理化性质研究

从商陆科植物商陆（Phytolacca acinosa Roxb)浆果中提取一种紫红水溶性色素，在不同理化条件下对该色素进行了研究，结果表明，该色素在PH3－5范围光稳定性，热稳定性好，氧化剂有一定影响，还原剂，糖无不良影响，对部分金属离子具有敏感退色作用，毒性实验表明安全。