Nb521铌合金电子束焊工艺研究

对Nb521铌合金进行了电子束焊工艺试验研究,优化了工艺参数,分析了焊缝表面成形及焊接接头组织、常温和高温力学性能.结果表明:Nb521具有良好的电子束焊接性能,焊缝常温拉伸强度、屈服强度均能达到母材的95％以上,延伸率达到母材的86.7％,在1600℃以下焊缝性能良好.     

铸造Ti-Al-Mo-Zr钛合金电子束焊接接头组织与性能

选用电子束焊接方式对14 mm厚铸态Ti-Al-Mo-Zr钛合金进行焊接,在合适的工艺参数下获得成形良好、无内部缺陷的焊接接头。室温下测试与分析焊接接头的显微组织、显微硬度和力学性能,结果显示焊缝处主要由β相基体和粗大的针状α相组成,热影响区处受焊接热循环作用部分转变为网状片层组织。焊缝处硬度略高于母材处,接头整体硬度分布均匀,无明显弱化区域;接头焊缝处抗拉强度优于母材,焊缝处冲击值AKV达到75 J/cm~2,热影响区冲击值为73 J/cm~2,Ti-Al-Mo-Zr钛合金电子束焊接接头冲击韧性良好。     

Fatigue crack growth of titanium alloy joints by electron beam welding

Electron beam welding（EBW） has been widely used in the manufacture of titanium alloy welded blisk for aircraft engines. Based on fatigue crack growth tests on titanium alloy electron beam welding（EBW） joints, mechanism of fracture was investigated under scanning electron microscope（SEM）. The results show that fatigue crack growth rate increases as the experimental load increases under the same stress ratio and stress intensity factor range. At the beginning of crack growth, the extension mechanism of fatigue crack is the typical mechanism of cleavage fracture. In the steady extention stage, crack extends along the weld seam firstly.Then, crack growth direction changes to extend along the base metal. The extension mechanism of fatigue crack in the weld seam is the main mechanism of cleavage fracture and the extension mechanism of fatigue crack in the base metal is the main extension mechanism of fatigue band. In the instantaneous fracture stage, the extension mechanism of fatigue crack is the typical dimple-type static fracture mechanism.Crack growth was simulated by conventional finite element method and extended finite element method.     

AlCoCrFeNi2.1高熵合金电子束焊接接头耐蚀性

为明确高熵合金焊接接头耐腐蚀行为,采用电子束方法对共晶双相AlCoCrFeNi_2.1高熵合金进行焊接,并运用电化学腐蚀方法研究了接头耐蚀性.结果表明,焊缝区域(FZ)自腐蚀电位相比母材(BM)提高0.16 V左右,耐蚀性增强,自腐蚀电流减小了一个数量级,腐蚀速率明显降低.焊接接头母材区域腐蚀坑呈纵深扩展趋势,而焊缝区域腐蚀坑呈横向扩展,并表现出明显的相选择性腐蚀现象.焊缝区域的晶粒细化显著,硬度升高,两相分布呈现密集的“网络”状,元素分布更加均匀,大角度晶界增加,这都增强了焊接接头的耐点蚀穿孔的能力.     

角焊缝低真空填丝电子束焊接

根据液力变矩器泵轮和上盖总成角环缝焊接的特点，通过试验论证提出了一种低真空填丝电子束焊接方法，解决了焊接质量与生产率的矛盾。本文详细讨论了束流形态、聚焦点位置、填充金属送进、电子束斑位置等主要填丝电子束焊接工艺参数对焊缝成形的影响。经试验与分析，提出了保证焊缝内在质量和良好外观形状的工艺措施。     

薄板TC4钛合金脉冲电子束焊接技术研究

脉冲电子束焊接是指将电子束流调制成脉冲方波的形式进行焊接的一种先进技术。脉冲束流能提高被焊金属蒸发率,从而提高焊接效率、增加焊缝深宽比。本文采用常规直流电子束和不同频率脉冲电子束对1.2 mm薄板TC4钛合金进行了焊接工艺试验,并对接头进行了微观组织与力学性能检测。结果表明：脉冲电子束焊接能够形成无熔合缺陷的焊缝,随着频率的增加,焊缝咬边和背面余高减小,表面成形得到改善;由于焊接热循环变化,脉冲束流可加快熔池冷却速度,细化组织晶粒;直流和脉冲电子束焊接接头拉伸时均断裂在母材区,拉伸强度不低于母材;高频脉冲电子束可提升焊接接头塑性和焊缝区、热影响区的显微硬度,频率为10 kHz时,焊接接头的断后伸长率可达14.9%,约为母材的80%,焊缝区和热影响区的显微硬度分别为375 HV和368 HV。     

Effects of Welding Processes and Post-Weld Aging Treatment on Fatigue Behavior of AA2219 Aluminium Alloy Joints

AA2219 aluminium alloy square butt joints without filler metal addition were fabricated using gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW), electron beam welding (EBW), and friction stir welding (FSW) processes. The fabricated joints were post-weld aged at 175 °C for 12 h. The effect of three welding processes and post-weld aging (PWA) treatment on the fatigue properties is reported. Transverse tensile properties of the welded joints were evaluated. Microstructure analysis was also carried out using optical and electron microscopes. It was found that the post-weld aged FSW joints showed superior fatigue performance compared to EBW and GTAW joints. This was mainly due to the formation of very fine, dynamically recrystallized grains and uniform distribution of fine precipitates in the weld region.     

真空室窗口领圈316L厚板电子束焊接接头不均匀性

真空室是未来聚变工程实验堆的核心部件,其组件窗口领圈采用能一次焊透50 mm以上不锈钢且变形较小的电子束焊进行拼焊. 为了深入探索厚板焊接接头不均匀性,在焊接过程中应用扫描偏转并对50 mm厚的316L奥氏体不锈钢焊接接头厚度方向的微观组织和硬度进行分析. 结果表明,焊缝组织由奥氏体和铁素体组成,从焊缝中心线附近,上层到下层焊缝组织由粗大的板条状/骨架状铁素体依次变为更加紧密排列的骨架状铁素体和等轴晶状铁素体;带有扫描偏转的焊接接头在焊缝厚度方向更早出现等轴晶;扫描偏转能改善焊缝表面成形质量;焊缝显微硬度从上层到下层逐渐增加.     

Incoloy 825镍基高温合金电子束焊工艺及接头组织与力学性能分析

采用电子束焊,对空冷器管箱Incoloy 825镍基高温合金进行对接焊试验. 通过对焊接接头的组织观察,并结合拉伸力学性能以及接头的冲击韧性等试验,分析镍基高温合金电子束焊接头的组织和力学性能. 结果表明, 采用电子束焊焊接镍基高温合金可以得到良好的焊接接头,焊缝区组织由大片等轴晶和少量柱状晶组成;焊缝区没有出现明显的元素烧损现象;焊缝、热影响区硬度达到母材硬度值;焊缝接头抗拉强度达到600 MPa,接近母材抗拉强度,接头断裂形式为韧性断裂;焊缝和热影响区的冲击吸收能量高于母材区,其中焊缝区的冲击吸收能量达到了262 J,冲击断口形貌为韧窝状.     

大厚度电子束焊接接头厚度方向的组织差异性

利用K110型电子束焊机焊接50 mm厚的304不锈钢板,并对焊接接头深度方向的微观组织及硬度进行分析. 结果表明,利用电子束焊接方法能够一次性焊透50 mm厚不锈钢板,得到成形良好的焊接接头. 焊缝深宽比较大,约为18:1. 焊缝组织由奥氏体和铁素体组成. 从焊缝上表面到深约39 mm处,铁素体形态依次为网状,板条状/骨架状和树枝状分布于奥氏体枝晶间或晶界处. 在焊缝的下层,亚稳的胞状奥氏体将取代稳定铁素体相作为初生相直接从熔体中析出. 沿焊缝中心深度方向,接头的凝固模式由primary ferrite with second-phase austenite,FA转变成primary austenite with second-phase ferrite,AF模式,晶粒尺寸减小,硬度呈波动性增加趋势.     

TA15钛合金电子束焊焊接接头力学性能

钛合金材料以及相关制造技术是实现飞机先进性的重要基础之一,电子束焊接是钛合金板材一种先进的焊接形式.对TA15钛合金板材电子束焊接试样进行了金相分析和静力试验、疲劳试验和扫描电镜(SEM)分析.结果表明,TA15板材电子束焊焊接接头的焊缝、热影响区和母材的微观组织差别明显;焊缝韧性降低,抗拉强度高于母材;热影响区尺寸较小,在1～2 mm左右,是焊接接头的薄弱部位;疲劳裂纹大多萌生于焊接热影响区区域,疲劳破坏试样断口的SEM分析表明,疲劳裂纹大多起源于焊接热影响区的气孔处.     

Effect of the electron beam welding conditions on the structure and mechanical properties of welded joints in an austenitic steel with bronzes in the manufacture of power engineering structures

Investigations were carried out into the production of combined welded joints in 316L(N) austenitic steel and BrKh1Tsr (CuCrZr) and CuAl10Ni5Fe4 bronzes 30 mm thick by electron beam welding (EBW). The formation of the welded joints in dissimilar materials is investigated and the EBW conditions determined. The microstructure, mechanic properties and chemical composition of the welded joints are also determined. It is shown possible to obtain the mechanical properties of welded joints similar to the properties of the parent bronze by weldbrazing. It is therefore necessary to increase the accuracy and stability of the electron beam parameters as a technological tool.     

Pulsed flash welding strips of nickel alloys

Summary

Type 329J1 duplex stainless steel was welded by gas tungsten arc welding in argon‐nitrogen mixed gas atmospheres. The tensile properties and microstructures of the weld metals were examined. The nitrogen content increases and the ferrite content decreases with increasing nitrogen partial pressure of the atmosphere. The ferrite content linearly decreases with an increasing nitrogen content. The tensile strength and elongation of the weld metal produced in the argon atmosphere are much lower than those of the base metal, but they increase with an increasing nitrogen content and approximate those of the base metal at around 0.4 mass% nitrogen content. The fractographs suggest that only the base metal and high‐nitrogen weld metal clearly show dimple patterns. The tensile‐tested base metal and high‐nitrogen weld metal have complex crack paths, whereas the other weld metals have relatively straight paths. The tensile properties of the weld metal are affected by the ferrite content and chromium nitride.     

2219高强铝合金焊接接头的腐蚀性能

采用浸泡试验、极化曲线以及电化学阻抗测试,对2219高强铝合金母材和焊接接头在3.5%NaCl溶液中的腐蚀性能进行研究。浸泡后试样的显微形貌表明,试样中铜元素的分布及存在形态与其腐蚀性能密切相关;极化曲线表明,在电化学腐蚀过程中,搅拌摩擦焊接头的腐蚀电流最小,电子束焊接接头次之,而钨极氩弧焊接头的腐蚀电流最大;电化学阻抗测试表明,腐蚀过程中体系阻抗值由大到小顺序为搅拌摩擦焊的接头,电子束焊的接头,母材,钨极氩弧焊的接头。     

Electron beam welding of precipitation hardened CuCrZr alloy: Modeling and experimentation

In order to maintain the structural consistency during the welding of precipitation hardened copper− chromium−zirconium (PH-CuCrZr) alloy components, electron beam welding (EBW) process was employed. Experimental study and numerical modeling of EBW process during welding of PH-CuCrZr alloy components were carried out. A 3D finite element model was developed to predict the output responses (bead penetration and bead width) as a function of EBW input parameters (beam current, acceleration voltage and weld speed). A combined circular and conical source with Gaussian heat distribution was used to model the deep penetration characteristic of the EBW process. Numerical modeling was carried out by developing user defined function in Ansys software. Numerical predictions were compared with the experimental results which had a good agreement with each other. The developed model can be used for parametric study in wide range of problems involving complex geometries which are to be welded using EBW process. The present work illustrates that the input current with a contribution of 44.56% and 81.13% is the most significant input parameter for the bead penetration and bead width, respectively.     

钛合金焊缝金属在酸性硫酸铜溶液中的阳极极化行为

针对钛焊区优先腐蚀问题,研究了电子束扫描焊接对钛合金焊缝金属在酸性硫酸铜溶液中阳极极化行为的影响,结果表明,通过改变电子束扫描频率控制焊缝金属凝固组织形态及尺寸,从而控制的焊缝金属的阳极极化行为,找出了焊缝金属与母材相同的阳极极化曲线的最佳匹配,提出了通过控制焊接凝固结晶,使钛合金焊缝金属与母材均等耐腐蚀的新技术。     

大厚度钛合金结构电子束焊接制造基础研究

通过对大厚度电子束焊焊缝几何特征和接头组织和力学性能不均匀性的研究,提出焊缝几何特征表征参量和不均匀性表征因子;通过对接头损伤、断裂和疲劳的实验和理论研究,提出大厚度钛合金电子束焊接接头的失效机理;通过对焊接应力变形的理论和数值模拟研究,提出大厚度钛合金电子束焊接接头残余应力形成的机理;在上述研究的基础上,设计大厚度钛合金电子束焊接结构完整性评价体系.从而有望建立大厚度钛合金电子束焊接接头性能定量调控理论与工艺方法和有自主知识产权的大厚度钛合金电子束焊接结构强度、断裂和疲劳完整性评价的方法和指南.     

Comparative Analysis on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties between EBW and TANDEM Welding of 7A52 Aluminum Alloy Joint

The plates with 20mm thickness of 7A52 aluminum alloy were welded by electron beam welding and TANDEM welding with ER5356 filler,respectively.The microstructure and mechanical properties of the joints were investigated.The results showed that the microstructure of EBW metal was finer and tighter than TANDEM welding.The heat-affected zone of the EBW joint was narrower,its hardness was higher and the tensile strength improved obviously compared to TANDEM welding.Excellent quality control of the EBW joint was made without abnormal porosity,inclusions and micro-cracks.Therefore,the EBW joint of 7A52 aluminum alloy showed excellent performance.     

高温合金电子束焊接温度场数值模拟

根据熔池边界准则应用有限元方法对高温合金电子束焊接温度场进行了数值模拟.通过线性插值、等效代换等方式估计材料高温参数,模拟材料状态变化.针对电子束焊接特有的钉头状焊缝及其穿透深度大的特点,采用高斯面热源与柱体热源组成的组合热源模型,对焊接温度场进行分析,模拟结果与实际焊缝取得了良好的一致.获得了一定工艺条件下高温合金电子束焊接温度场的分布特征及焊接过程热循环曲线,为优化电子束焊接工艺和电子束焊接残余应力研究提供了参考.     

AF1410钢电子束焊接接头的腐蚀行为

针对AF1410钢电子束焊接接头,分析焊缝区、热影响区、母材区的微观组织,测试并研究各微区的电化学性能以及接头在3.5％(质量分数)NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为.研究表明:焊缝区、热影响区、母材区的微观组织及电化学性能互相之间均存在明显差异,热影响区的自腐蚀电位最低,母材区的自腐蚀电位最高;未经热处理的AF1410钢电子束...