2519铝合金角接结构的搅拌摩擦焊

利用自行研制的搅拌摩擦焊机采用一种搅拌摩擦焊外侧角接的新方法对厚度为22 mm的2519铝合金进行了角接焊接试验,并对焊缝的微观组织、硬度等进行了分析.分析了搅拌针断裂原因及得出其断裂方式为剪切断裂.结果表明,搅拌摩擦焊外侧角接焊接的方法能够有效地进行角接焊接;合理的焊接工艺和搅拌针形状是焊接的关键;旋转频率在30～4...     

Friction stir spot welding of aluminium to steel by rotating tool without probe

A friction stir spot welding process, in which a rotating tool without a probe was employed, was applied to a lap joint of an aluminium plate to a low carbon steel plate. The thicknesses of both plates were 0.5 mm. In this process, the rotating tool of 5 mm diameter, rotating at 18,000 rpm, was plunged into the aluminium plate at a rate of 2 mm/s, and then kept at a maximum plunged depth of 0.05–0.35 mm for 0–2 s (dwell time). In the weld obtained by this process, a hole due to the impression of the penetrated tool probe was not formed, although a slight depression by the tool plunging remained. At tool plunge depths of 0.1 mm or over, it was possible to weld the two plates. The maximum tensile failure load of 454 N was obtained at a plunge depth of 0.1 mm and a dwell time of 1.5 s. Its joint was fractured at an almost constant load along the periphery of the depression, leaving a part of the aluminium plate on the steel plate surface. Based on the observation of the weld interface microstructure and metal flow of aluminium in the weld, controlling factors of the joint strength were discussed.     

Friction stir welding of copper alloys

Copper plates ,brass plates and copper/brass plates were friction stir welded with various parameters. Experimental results show that the microstructure of the weld is characterized by its much finer grains as contrasted with the coarse grains of parent materials and the heat-affected zones are very narrow. The microhardness of the copper weld is a little higher than that of parent plate. The microhardness of brass weld is about 25% higher than that of parent material. The tensile strength of copper joints increases with increasing welding speed in the test range. The range of parameters to obtain good welds for copper is much wider than that for brass. When different materials were welded, the position of copper plate before welding affected the quality of FSW joints. If the copperplate was put on the advancing side of weld, the good quality of weld could be got under proper parameters.     

Friction stir welding of aluminium lap joint by tool without probe

A friction stir welding process, with a rotating tool without a probe, was employed and applied to a lap joint of aluminium plate. The thickness of the aluminium plates was 0.5 mm. New tool shapes were developed. The tops of the tool were dome shaped. In this process, the rotating tool was plunged into the aluminium plate. The tool-rotating axis was vertical to the specimen surface, and then moved in the welding direction at a speed of 20 mm/s. Tool rotation speed was 18,000 rpm.

At tool plunge depths of 0.1 mm or over, it was possible to weld the two plates. At tool plunge depth of 0.1 mm, its joint was fractured at the weld interface. At tool plunge depth of 0.2 mm or over, the joints were fractured at the stir zone of the upper plate or the heat affected zone of the lower plate. Based on observation of the hardness profiles and the thickness change of the weld area, controlling factors of the joint strength are discussed.     

Friction stir welding characteristics of two aluminum alloys

1　INTRODUCTIONFrictionstirwelding(FSW )isapromisingweld ingprocessthatcanproducehigh qualityandlow costjoints[1,2 ] .Especially ,itcaneliminatesomeweldingdefectssuchascrackingandporosityoftenassociatedwithfusionweldingprocesses[2 ,3] ,andthusissuitedtoweldheat treatablealuminumalloysthatarediffi culttofusionweld[4 ,5] .Recentstudiesonthemi crostructuralcharacteristicsandmechanicalpropertiesofthefrictionstirweldedjointshaveindicatedthatdifferentaluminumalloyshavedifferentFSWcharac teris…     

Material flow and void defect formation in friction stir welding of aluminium alloys

An ingenious experimental programme by combining artificially thickened oxide layer as marker material and ‘stop-action’ welding were used to study the material flow and defect formation in friction stir welding of aluminium alloys. The results showed that material flow around the pin on the advancing side (AS) was severer than that on the retreating side (RS) and the fastest velocity of material flow in the middle stir zone (SZ) was 43.9?mm?s^?1. Moreover, the material under the RS shoulder included extruded metal only and the material under the AS shoulder included extruded and rotated metal. Lastly, instantaneous void occurrence and insufficient inflow material were reasons for the preferential formation of void defects in the top SZ on the AS.     

铝合金搅拌摩擦焊温度场检测

通过对铝合金搅拌摩擦焊过程中各特征点温度的系统检测,得出了铝合金搅拌摩擦焊过程中温度场变化的基本规律.焊接过程中材料旋入侧温度高于材料旋出侧温度,上层温度高于下层温度,焊缝中心的温度最高,焊接结束时被焊材料末端的温度较焊接稳定区有所升高.     

L6-LY12异种材料搅拌摩擦焊接技术

通过SN比试验设计和方差分析研究了L6-LY12异种材料搅拌摩擦焊接工艺参数对焊接接头成形及力学性能的影响。参数显著性顺序为：焊接压力、焊接速度、搅拌头旋转转速。试验表明，对于5mm厚L6-LYl2板材，搅拌摩擦焊接工艺参数范围是：焊接压力2000～3000N；焊接速度37．5～60mm／min；搅拌头旋转速度950～1500r／min。优化的最佳工艺参数为2500N、37．5mm／min、950r／min。获取了等强或超强的搅拌摩擦焊接头。     

异种材料及复合热源搅拌摩擦焊

在对接和搭接方式中,异种材料搅拌摩擦焊相较于同种材料分别具有一些额外的焊接参数,并且对搅拌头材料也有更苛刻的使用要求。总结近年来异种材料搅拌摩擦焊的研究现状,介绍异种材料搅拌摩擦焊过程中脆性金属间化合物的生成及其对焊接接头的力学性能产生的影响。从金属流动机理和数值模拟方面,研究金属间化合物的生成和成长规律,给出针对金属间化合物可能的解决方法。针对高熔点焊材,介绍复合热源搅拌摩擦焊技术、常用的辅助热源以及复合热源搅拌摩擦焊在异种材料搅拌摩擦焊方面的优点和研究的不足之处。     

塑料板材搅拌摩擦焊工艺

以6mm和8mm聚氯乙稀板材为研究对象,用搅拌摩擦焊方法进行了工艺可焊性试验。试验证明,一定厚度的塑料板,不开坡口,用搅拌摩擦焊方法可一次焊成。虽然影响接头质量的因素很多,但只要焊接参数选择恰当,就能获得令人满意的焊接接头。     

Friction stir keyholeless spot welding of AZ31 Mg alloy-mild steel

Friction stir keyholeless spot welding (FSKSW) using a retractable pin for 1.0 mm thick galvanized mild steel and 3 mm thick AZ31B magnesium alloy in a lap configuration was investigated. The process variables were optimized in terms of the joint strength. The effects of the stacking sequence on joint formation and the joining mechanism of FSKSW AZ31B-to-mild steel joints were also analyzed. It shows that the process window and joint strength are strongly influenced by the stacking sequence of the workpieces. While the process window is narrow and unstable for FSKSW of a magnesium-to-steel stack-up, a desirable process was established for the steel-to-magnesium stacking sequence, a desirable process and higher strength joint can be got when the steel-to-magnesium stacking sequence. XRD phase and EPMA analyses of the FSKSW joint showed that the intermetallic compounds are formed at the steel-to-magnesium interface, and the element diffusion between the mild steel and AZ31B magnesium alloy revealed that the joining methods for FSKSW joints is the main mechanical joining along with certain metallurgical bonding.     

钛合金搅拌摩擦焊接最新研究进展

钛合金具有密度低、比强度高,耐蚀性好,加工性能优异等优点,主要应用于航空航天、交通运输和石油化工等领域。当钛合金作为结构材料应用在不同领域时,传统的熔融焊接方法会产生较大残余应力,组织粗化,变形大,裂纹和孔隙等缺陷;而采用搅拌摩擦焊接技术可以避免传统熔融焊接方法产生的缺陷,从而大幅度提高钛合金焊接接头质量。目前,钛合金的搅拌摩擦焊接技术已成为国内外研究热点。主要介绍搅拌摩擦焊接的原理、工艺特点,国内外关于钛合金FSW焊接接头的宏观形貌、微观组织(晶粒大小、织构)和力学性能等方面的最新研究进展,最后展望了钛合金FSW未来的研究方向。     

Evaluation of heat input during friction stir welding of aluminium alloys

Heat input is one of the key parameters governing the quality and service properties of friction stir welds. By using a calorimetric technique, the heat inputs generated during the friction stir welding of the aluminium alloys, 1100 and 5083, were measured over a wide range of welding parameters. An empirical equation to estimate the heat input using the welding parameters was established based on a multiple regression analysis of the results. The effect of the heat input on the final grain size of the stir zone was also investigated by the electron backscatter diffraction method. The quantitative relationships between the input variables, heat inputs, and final grain sizes in the stir zone were derived.     

2024/7075异种铝合金搅拌摩擦焊的晶体取向演化

使用光学显微镜、电子背散射衍射（EBSD）对比研究了2024/7075异种铝合金搅拌摩擦焊（FSW）接头及母材的组织特征、晶界特征和织构的演化.结果表明,后退侧热力影响区晶粒的小角度晶界含量较母材明显增大而前进侧热力影响区晶粒的小角度晶界含量与母材相比没有明显变化,焊核区发生了动态再结晶,大角度晶界含量明显增加.后退侧2024铝合金为弱取向组织,前进侧7075铝合金母材、热影响区以及热机影响区具有较强的S织构{123}<634>、黄铜织构{011}<211>和R织构{124}<211>,焊核区为等轴再结晶晶粒,没有明显的择优取向.     

Friction stir welding of AZ31 magnesium alloys processed by equal channel angular pressing

Equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) is an effective thermo-mechanical process to make ultrafine grains.An investigation was carried out on the friction stir welding (FSW) of ECAPed AZ31 magnesium alloys with a thickness of 15 mm.For different process parameters,the optimum FSW conditions of ECAPed AZ31 magnesium alloys were examined.The basic characterization of weld formation and the mechanical properties of the joints were discussed.The results show that the effect of welding parameters on welding quality was evident and welding quality was sensitive to welding speed.Sound joints could be obtained when the welding speed was 37.5 mm/min and the rotation speed of the stir tool was 750 r/min.The maximum tensile strength (270 MPa) of FSW was 91% that of the base materials.The value of microhardness varied between advancing side and retreating side because of the speed field near the pin of the stir tool,which weakened the deformed stress field.The value of microhardness of the welding zone was lower than that of the base materials.The maximum value was located near the heat-affected zone (HAZ).Remarkable ductile character was observed from the fracture morphologies of welded joints.     

Modeling friction stir welding process of aluminum alloys

The friction stir welding (FSW) process of aluminum alloys has been modeled using a two-dimensional Eulerian formulation. Velocity field and temperature distribution are strongly coupled and solved together using a standard finite element scheme. A scalar state variable for hardening is also integrated using a streamline integration method along streamlines. A viscoplastic constitutive equation to consider plastic flow and strength variations was implemented for the process modeling. Precipitates inside AA6061 alloys are sensitive to elevated temperatures and affect strength evolution with temperature. The overall effects of the precipitate variations with temperature on strength were reflected using temperature-dependent material parameters. The material parameters of constitutive equations were obtained from isothermal compression tests of various temperatures and strain rates. The effects of FSW process conditions on heating and hardening were investigated mainly near the tool pin. The microhardness distribution of the weld zone was compared with the prediction of strength. In addition, crystallographic texture evolutions were also predicted and compared with the experimental results.     

防锈铝搅拌摩擦焊接

通过大量试验研究了防锈铝LF21搅拌摩擦焊接技术,深入分析了防锈铝搅拌摩擦焊接头的金相组织和力学性能,并探讨了焊接参数对组织性能的影响.对于3mm厚的防锈铝板,优化的搅拌头材料为ICr18Ni9Ti,形状为圆锥带凹面形,轴肩尺寸为φ12mm,焊针跟部直径为4mm,焊针端部直径为2.8mm,焊针高度为2.7mm.优化的焊接工艺参数范围为旋转速度950-1 500 r/min,焊接速度37.5～60mm/min.研究的成果可应用于有色金属材料搅拌摩擦焊接参数的优化,推动中国搅拌摩擦焊接技术在铝焊接中的应用.     

镁铝异种合金搅拌摩擦焊综述

铝镁合金搅拌摩擦焊中峰值温度超过Al12Mg17和Al3Mg2形成的共晶温度,两种金属间化合物的形成不可避免。通过将镁合金置于前进侧、搅拌针偏向镁合金,采用液氮或水下搅拌摩擦焊,加入中间层过渡金属等方法可降低搅拌摩擦焊过程中的热输入,有效减少焊核区金属间化合物的数量。采用锥形螺纹搅拌针对接、配合直径约为3.5倍板厚的内凹型轴肩可提供适当的热输入,促进材料塑性流动,增加两种材料相互交融的程度,提高接头抗拉强度;超声辅助搅拌摩擦焊技术可破坏脆性界面层进而提高接头强度。     

铝合金搅拌摩擦焊的研究现状与展望

在介绍搅拌摩擦焊技术的基本原理及影响因素的基础上,综述了铝合金搅拌摩擦焊在接头金属塑性流动、显微组织以及性能等方面的国内外研究现状.研究现状表明,搅拌头形状和工艺参数对接头组织和性能具有重要影响,在合适的工艺参数下可获得综合性能良好的铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头,并取得了一定规模的应用.此外,指出了搅拌摩擦焊技术的不足和接头性...